Sentences with phrase «of precursor gases»

They found that the ELVOC formation happens very fast and that the chemical structure of the precursor gases determines how effectively they form ELVOC's.

And structures must be fabricated from the substrate surface up at continually decreasing growth rate and from a limited number of precursor gases available.

Not exact matches

A typical 3.5 horsepower gas mower, for instance, can emit the same amount of VOCs — key precursors to smog — in an hour as a new car driven 340 miles, say industry experts.

This gas gives rise to newborn stars — it gradually collapses under the force of its own gravity until it is sufficiently compressed to form a protostar — the precursor to a star.

The researchers [3] quantified China's current contribution to global «radiative forcing» (the imbalance, of human origin, of our planet's radiation budget), by differentiating between the contributions of long - life greenhouse gases, the ozone and its precursors, as well as aerosols.

Indeed, the reduction in the emission of precursors to polluting particles (sulphur dioxide) would diminish the concealing effects of Chinese aerosols, and would speed up warming, unless this effect were to be compensated elsewhere, for instance by significantly reducing long - life greenhouse gas emissions and «black carbon.»

Researchers make 2 - D materials by the exfoliation method — peeling a slice of material off a larger bulk material — or by condensing a gas precursor onto a substrate.

Syria possesses about 1,000 metric tons of chemicals for weapons, Walker said, with nearly all of it in the form of chemical precursors for sarin and mustard gas.

By 2000 radio astronomers had found almost all of them in various dust clouds throughout our galaxy, suggesting that the interplay between ice and gas may be one of the most important mechanisms for synthesizing the precursors of life.

Leftover gas from the formation of the sun may have persisted into the era of planetary precursors, Holland and his co-authors note, so the dual capture of solar gas in and around planets is plausible enough.

The ozone season is selected because it is the part of the year with highest temperatures and strongest solar radiation and thus the time when photochemical reactions of ozone precursor gases are most likely to produce high ozone levels (Rice, 2014).

Global climate models are essential tools for understanding climate change and for developing policy regarding future emissions of greenhouse gases, primary aerosol particles, and aerosol precursor gases.

These fully - sampled images of the distribution of dense gas in star formation regions and their precursor flows will show whether the amount of dense gas is sufficient to fuel the star - forming process.

This development has raised concerns regarding emissions of greenhouse gases, air toxics, and precursors to ozone and fine particle formation.

«SPH is often utilized to model interactions between forming gas giant planets and their precursor disks,» says the paper's lead author, Robin Canup, assistant director of the SwRI Space Studies Department in Boulder, Colorado.

Reducing the burning of coal will have co-impacts such as reducing other climatically active trace gases and particulate matter (or its precursors).

The transportation sector produces one - third of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions, and automobile exhaust also contains precursors to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ground - level ozone (O3), which pose threats to public health.

• Estimation of future emissions and biogeochemical cycling (including sources and sinks) of greenhouse gases, aerosols and aerosol precursors and projections of future concentrations and radiative properties.

«We use 1280 years of control simulation, with constant preindustrial forcings including constant specified CO2, and a five - member ensemble of historical simulations from 1850 — 2005 including prescribed historical greenhouse gas concentrations, SO2 and other aerosol - precursor emissions, land use changes, solar irradiance changes, tropospheric and stratospheric ozone changes, and volcanic aerosol (ALL), following the recommended CMIP5 specifications.

Source - Any process, activity or mechanism that releases a heat - trapping gas (greenhouse gas), an aerosol or a precursor of a greenhouse gas or aerosol into the atmosphere.

Emissions - Emissions of heat - trapping gases (greenhouse gases), greenhouse - gas precursors, and aerosols associated with human activities.

Consequently, the most advanced climate models now require, in addition to concentrations or emissions of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O and halocarbons), emissions of reactive gases and aerosol precursor compounds (SO2, NOx, VOC, BC, OC and NH3), to model atmospheric chemistry and interactions with the climate system.6 For most variables, a sectoral differentiation would improve the quality of the calculations (e.g. from power plants and agricultural burning).

John: The hypothetical region of hot gases located in the equatorial troposphere proposed by the IPCC as a necessary stage in global warming and a certain sign and precursor of forthcoming climate Armageddon?

Because methane and VOCs are both ozone precursors, and are released by many of the same sources in the oil and gas sector, reductions will help reduce tropospheric ozone.

This paper deals with measurements of aerosols, their chemical properties and precursor trace gases at Agra in the Indo - Gangetic plain.

As we have noted, one of the Achilles heels for the US aviation industry could be the complex mixture of greenhouse gases and precursors — carbon dioxide, water vapor, and oxides of nitrogen — injected directly into the atmosphere by every jet and turboprop in the sky.

Natural gas generates electricity more efficiently than coal, with half the greenhouse gas emissions, fewer acid rain precursors and virtually free of many other troubling pollutants like mercury and particulates.

During the Bush administration, the EPA has rejected the idea that greenhouse gases should be regulated like soot, smog precursors and other kinds of air pollution, despite an April 2007 Supreme Court ruling that said carbon dioxide fit the definition of a pollutant that could be regulated under the Clean Air Act.

More specifically, they find that the relationship between the previously mentioned «El Niño precursor» teleconnection (linking the West Pacific SST anomalies to northeastern Pacific geopotential heights, and subsequently to California precipitation) has strengthened in recent decades due to the emission of greenhouse gases.

[Response: For any projection for the future of climate, you obviously need a projection of emissions (greenhouse gases, ozone and aerosol precursors, etc.), land use change and so on.

Radiative forcing is a way to quantify an energy imbalance imposed on the climate system either externally (e.g., solar energy output or volcanic emissions) or by human activities (e.g., deliberate land modification or emissions of greenhouse gases, aerosols, and their precursors).

More Articles on Fossil Fuels Blending Diesel with Biomass - Based Nylon Precursor Cuts Soot by 50 % Because of Methane Leaks, Natural Gas Could be as Bad as Oil & Coal Uganda: Anything But Gas Flaring, Please

All pieces required for the representation of OA in a global climate model are sketched out with special attention to Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA): The emission estimates of primary carbonaceous particles and SOA precursor gases are summarized.

Topics that I work on or plan to work in the future include studies of: + missing aerosol species and sources, such as the primary oceanic aerosols and their importance on the remote marine atmosphere, the in - cloud and aerosol water aqueous formation of organic aerosols that can lead to brown carbon formation, the primary terrestrial biological particles, and the organic nitrogen + missing aerosol parameterizations, such as the effect of aerosol mixing on cloud condensation nuclei and aerosol absorption, the semi-volatility of primary organic aerosols, the importance of in - canopy processes on natural terrestrial aerosol and aerosol precursor sources, and the mineral dust iron solubility and bioavailability + the change of aerosol burden and its spatiotemporal distribution, especially with regard to its role and importance on gas - phase chemistry via photolysis rates changes and heterogeneous reactions in the atmosphere, as well as their effect on key gas - phase species like ozone + the physical and optical properties of aerosols, which affect aerosol transport, lifetime, and light scattering and absorption, with the latter being very sensitive to the vertical distribution of absorbing aerosols + aerosol - cloud interactions, which include cloud activation, the aerosol indirect effect and the impact of clouds on aerosol removal + changes on climate and feedbacks related with all these topics In order to understand the climate system as a whole, improve the aerosol representation in the GISS ModelE2 and contribute to future IPCC climate change assessments and CMIP activities, I am also interested in understanding the importance of natural and anthropogenic aerosol changes in the atmosphere on the terrestrial biosphere, the ocean and climate.

Crawley, the former Program Manager at the federal Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA, a precursor to the Department of Energy), oversaw a significant portion of the federal research that went into the development of shale gas fracturing technologies.

He headed the investigation of Dutch, German, and American businessmen which led to charges of selling a mustard gas precursor to Iraq, and he represented the government in coram nobis proceedings brought by former Maryland Gov. Marvin Mandel after the U.S. Supreme Court's landmark decision in McNally v. United States.