Sentences with phrase «of predation risk»

First, we conducted growth trials at five temperatures crossed with two levels of predation risk (fish predator present versus absent) and measured growth rates, consumption rates, assimilation efficiencies, and production efficiencies of 107 individual damselflies.

Studies of habitat use and associated trade - offs of predation risk and foraging opportunities in fishes and crustaceans using mathematical models, physical sampling, and active hydroacoustics.

This implies that males, but not females, pay a high cost when they use color to communicate with other damselflies, both in terms of predation risk and visibility to prey.

According to Douglas Smith, leader of the Yellowstone Gray Wolf Restoration Project, the concept of predation risk eludes easy definition.

Stankowich et al. used natural history data, including range overlap with potential predators, body size, and activity patterns, in conjunction with comparative phylogenetic analyses on 181 species of mammals to identify patterns of predation risk that could have contributed to the evolution of these two defensive strategies.

Not exact matches

Not only are native males wasting their time trying to mate with a different species, they are also at high risk of predation for their efforts.

«On the island with the lower risk this kind of background choice, to improve their level of camouflage, is much less evident than on the island with high predation risk.»

A suite of animals that evolved in Eurasia, Australia and the Americas without the risk of predation from tool - using, fire - making, group - living hominids were suddenly faced with a new threat.

Predation risk likely does cause some birds to form leks, agrees behavioral ecologist Jacob Höglund of Uppsala University in Sweden, but it is probably only one of many factors involved.

Marshall suggests that it also emphasizes the importance of considering broader environmental contexts, such as predation risk, as well as the perceptual abilities of natural observers like predators in studies of animal behavior.

They found that species that have evolved noxious sprays as a defense, such as skunks, tend to be nocturnal and subject to predation by other mammals, whereas socially vigilant species, such as mongooses, tend to be diurnal and at risk of predation by birds of prey.

Homosexual mating is at least as risky as the heterosexual kind, expending sperm, wasting time that could go toward other activities, and boosting the risk of injury, disease, and predation.

Typically, a snow lair provides good shelter, but poor snow conditions expose pups to predation, harsh climate and disturbance by humans, elevate the risk of mortality, and may hamper growth.

Both of these important food sources are at risk — sugar pines are vulnerable to white pine blister rust, a fungal pathogen, while oaks are currently at risk from fire exclusion, mule deer predation and potentially a pathogen causing sudden oak death.

Despite their importance, corals face a range of grave risks today, from bleaching triggered by increasing seawater temperatures, to sediment loads caused by terrestrial erosion from land development, to predation by crown - of - thorns starfish.

On landscapes with both open and closed habitat structure, they may use a combined strategy of hiding in forest cover to lower predator encounter rates and seeking open terrain, such as grasslands, where predation risk may be reduced.

Most carcasses and the greatest amount of wolf sign, such as tracks and scat, occurred in thick forests, debris, ravines, and riverbanks, which I had characterized as high predation risk sites.

For example, species at risk of predation tend to sleep less.

Linking snake habitat use to nest predation risk in grassland birds: the dangers of shrub cover.

The ASN Presidential Award for the paper that best fulfills the goals of the ASN in the American Naturalist during 2015 is «The Evolution of Foraging Rate across Local and Geographic Gradients in Predation Risk and Competition» by Mark C. Urban and Jonathan L. Richardson

Apparent predation risk: tests of habitat selection theory reveal unexpected effects of competition.

Indirect effects of prey coloration on predation risk: pygmy grasshoppers versus lizards.

J. S. Brown — 1999 (1)([email protected]) Keywords: ecology of fear, foraging theory, giving - up density, habitat selection, patch use, predation risk, quitting harvest rate, time allocation, vigilance

Predation risk may explain the absence of nuptial coloration in the wall lizard, Podarcis muralis.

Can adaptive evolution or behaviour lead to diversification of traits determining a trade - off between foraging gain and predation risk?

We measured and evaluated how temperature and predation risk affected growth rates of predaceous damselfly nymphs (Enallagma vesperum, Odonata: Coenagrionidae).

Higher metabolic and survival costs induced by predation risk were only partially offset by changes in consumption rates and assimilation efficiencies and the magnitude of non-consumptive effects varied as a function of temperature.

José Martín & Pilar López — 2001 (8)([email protected]) Keywords: costs of refuge use, lizards, nuptial coloration, Podarcis muralis, predation risk

This in turn supports the idea that, in birds, tool use for foraging is facilitated by ecological conditions typical of islands, such as reduced competition for embedded prey and low predation risk.

Under predation risk, growth rates were lower and the shape of the thermal response was less apparent.

Furthermore, we documented that thermal physiology was mediated by predation risk, a known driver of organismal physiology that occurs in the context of species interactions.

These numbers are far too low to have any meaningful impact on the daily risk of disease, injury, or wildlife predation by cats.

Rabbits kept in outdoor hutches are at risk of illness or death from exposure, parasite infestation, and predation.

This prevents the cat from experiencing extremes of heat or cold, protects them from excessively strong winds and rain, protects them from wild predation and dangerous encounters with wildlife, protects them from insect bites such as mosquitos, fleas and biting ants, and removes the risk of getting infected with communicable disease or getting hit by a car on the road.

While Lepczyk et al. emphasize the potential for under - estimating predation levels, they never consider the risk of over-estimating these levels — or their most obvious potential source of error: landowners» recollections of birds killed.

Additionally, the number of cats impounded by shelters in most communities is far too low to have any meaningful impact on the daily risk of disease, injury or wildlife predation by cats.

Small populations of island endemic taxa are often at risk of extirpation or extinction due to their reduced genetic diversity and increased susceptibility to genetic drift, disease, and climate change, especially in conjunction with over-exploitation, habitat loss, and predation or competition from invasive species [4 — 7].