Two of his most interesting columns focus on the challenges
of the racial achievement gap.
His published work includes key studies on the effectiveness of charter schools, the origins and inequities
of the racial achievement gap, and the impact of historically black colleges and universities.
But just as much
of the racial achievement gap can be explained by out - of - school factors, so too, I suspect, can much of the racial suspensions gap be explained by differences in behavior that are driven in large part by those same background factors.
They said it took a snapshot in time that didn't reflect the progress of students in charter schools, many of which target children on the low end
of the racial achievement gap.
As little as one year in a Boston charter closes about one - third
of the racial achievement gap between black and white students.
The persistence
of the racial achievement gap means that a disproportionate share of the population of underperforming students is comprised of students of color.
Not exact matches
The
achievement gap between low - income and wealthy students has grown significantly, exacerbating socioeconomic and
racial tensions and heightening the sense
of inequality among various underserved communities, as large
achievement gaps in educational outcomes based on race and ethnicity remain, or by some accounts, even worsen.
According to my interpretation
of data from meta - analyses and a nationwide data set, both
racial and socioeconomic
achievement gaps are 25 percent narrower in Christian schools than in public schools.
The «No Child Left Behind» act, signed by President Bush in January, greatly expands federal oversight
of public education, mandating annual testing
of children in grades 3 through 8 and one grade - level in high school, insisting every classroom teacher be fully certified and setting a 12 - year timetable for closing
racial and economic
achievement gaps in test scores.
President Mulgrew said: «By objective measures like the
racial achievement gap or the college readiness rate, and by public disenchantment with the governance
of the schools, it is clear that mayoral control in its current form has not worked.
And administrators from South African universities are now exploring ways to collect similar data to help their students, who face some
of the largest
racial achievement gaps in in the world.
Black students in the experimental group, in contrast, did significantly better academically than their peers in the control group — cutting in half the average
achievement gap between
racial groups seen at the start
of the study.
More research is needed because «looking at both psychological and biological responses to stress will lead to a more complete understanding
of why we have the
racial / ethnic
achievement gap,» said study lead author, Dorainne Levy, who began the research while at Northwestern and is now a post-doctoral scholar at Indiana University.
Race - based stressors, including perceived discrimination and the fear
of fulfilling negative stereotypes, have psychological effects and physiological effects on the body, which may contribute to the
racial - ethnic
achievement gap, new Northwestern University research suggests.
Today, questions about the effects
of changes in housing patterns and recent Supreme Court decisions that weaken desegregation efforts remain central to discussions
of educational opportunity and
racial achievement gaps.
Disare goes on to look closely at the pros and cons
of a system that sorts students into schools this way, including the concern that it might «widen
racial achievement gaps and leave lower - achieving students in less demanding classrooms with fewer resources.»
Half a century has passed since the publication
of the Coleman Report, and the persistent
racial gaps in
achievement, academic attainment, earnings, crime, poverty, and extensive school segregation that remain provide prima facie evidence that equality
of opportunity remains elusive.
With more than 26 years teaching at Harvard, Ferguson's research focuses on the
racial achievement gap, education policy, youth development programming, community development, economic consequences
of skill disparities, and state and local economic development.
Thompson: Closing the
achievement gaps between students
of different
racial groups continues to be a challenge, not only for urban schools but for schools across the board.
The prize was awarded Sept. 16 by the Los Angeles - based Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation, which bestows the award annually to a city school district that has made notable strides in improving
achievement, especially in closing
gaps between students
of different
racial and ethnic groups.
And, honestly, if one believes that our educational agenda should be primarily defined in terms
of the
racial and socioeconomic «
achievement gap,» you can see how this kind
of strip mining might have a certain appeal.
We've substantially narrowed the
racial and ethnic
achievement gap, our students are catching up to students in the rest
of the state, and our graduation rate is the highest it has been in decades.
And half
of the members
of the American Educational Research Association would be out
of a job, since the
racial achievement gap and the problems
of schools take up most
of our focus.
These are just some
of the reasons that reform proponents argue that our schools can not ignore the school discipline
gap if they aim to close our nation's
racial achievement gap.
The beginning
of the century again saw a small closing
of racial and ethnic
achievement gaps, but over the over the last eight years NAEP shows little movement, though no increases.
Achievement gaps between students
of different genders and
racial, economic, and linguistic groups are large and persistent for the nation's top - performing students, even as they seem to be narrowing for K - 12 students as a whole, according to a new report.
The
racial and socioeconomic
achievement gaps in National Assessment
of Educational Progress (NAEP) reading and math persist.
African American students advanced from the bottom quarter
of Chicago's test score distribution for white students to the 46th percentile in reading and math, essentially closing the
racial achievement gap.
President Obama scolded the nation for perpetuating
racial and ethnic
gaps, but his Department
of Education did nothing to reduce
achievement differences, the one disparity that counts.
The 1998 study by Meredith Phillips and her colleagues, mentioned earlier, had the greatest success in explaining
racial differences in
achievement, yet the unexplained portion
of the
achievement gap on the vocabulary test used in their study was still so large that it nearly exceeded the raw
gap in reading and mathematics we found in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey data.
Consider the case
of Florida, which has been celebrated, especially by conservatives, for its success in closing
racial achievement gaps.
2002); Brief for Armor et al. as Amici Curiae, with Rosen, Perhaps Not All Affirmative Action is Created Equal, N. Y. Times, June 11, 2006 (quoting David Armor as commenting»» [w] e did find the [
racial]
achievement gap changing significantly»» and acknowledging that he» «did find a modest association for math but not reading in terms
of racial composition and
achievement, but there's a big state variation»» (emphasis added)-RRB-.
Nevertheless,
racial academic
achievement gaps in fourth grade fell at roughly the same rate as kindergarten entry
gaps, Reardon said, adding, «This suggests that the primary source
of the reduction in
racial achievement gaps in fourth grade is the reduction in kindergarten readiness
gaps, not a reduction in the rate at which
gaps change between kindergarten and fourth grade.»
Unlike income
achievement gaps, the
racial academic
achievement gaps have declined significantly over the past four decades, the researchers said, so the recent narrowing
of the
racial readiness
gap among kindergarteners is merely a continuation
of the trend.
«This suggests that the primary source
of the reduction in
racial achievement gaps in fourth grade is the reduction in kindergarten readiness
gaps, not a reduction in the rate at which
gaps change between kindergarten and fourth grade.»
The strongest correlates
of achievement gaps are local
racial / ethnic differences in parental income, local average parental education levels, and patterns
of racial / ethnic segregation, consistent with a theoretical model in which family socioeconomic factors affect educational opportunity partly though residential and school segregation patterns.
At the dawn
of the War on Poverty, it was necessary for Coleman and his colleagues to document and describe the
racial gaps in
achievement they were intending to address.
We estimate
racial / ethnic
achievement gaps in several hundred metropolitan areas and several thousand school districts in the United States using the results
of roughly 200 million standardized math and reading tests administered to public school students from 2009 - 2013.
Only half
of students in large urban school systems graduate from high school, US students lag behind their international counterparts, and
racial - ethnic
gaps in
achievement are large by kindergarten and continue to grow thereafter, she said.
To some extent, then, the
racial disparity in the teaching force that has been an unfortunate consequence
of Brown has probably contributed to the survival
of the
achievement gap that integration was meant to solve.
If, as is likely to be the case, fewer black and Hispanic students are enrolled in advanced courses, will that finding be interpreted as discriminatory or a nearly inevitable result
of the very
racial achievement gap we are trying to reduce?
This report is not the first to present evidence
of deep
achievement and opportunity
gaps between
racial and socio - economic student groups.
One
of the beliefs that has tied together the signatories
of EEP thus far is a commitment to eliminating the
racial and ethnic
achievement gap in this country.
Citizen Stewart penned a great piece on the vitriol
of some anti-ed reform personalities on social media that we shared on the blog: If only they attacked
racial gaps in student
achievement like they attack Campbell Brown.
Finally, reformers have to go back to embracing the approach
of addressing and stemming socioeconomic and
racial achievement gaps, a strategy that was at the heart
of No Child and a driving force in expanding charter schools and other forms
of school choice.
It is simply insufficient to assign children to schools based solely on where they live; for decades, that type
of assignment system has perpetuated both school segregation and
racial and income
achievement gaps.
This shift in focus creates a problem for certain subgroups, such as students with limited English proficiency or students from
racial or ethnic backgrounds, because these individuals are frequently the ones on the lower grid
of the
achievement gap.
Madison schools are dominated by white staff, and the mostly white School Board and teachers union have a generally dim view
of charter and voucher schools and anything else that veers too far from the traditional (white - dominated) model
of Madison public education — even as that model has long been plagued by
racial achievement gaps.
«Given the strong influence
of poverty on student academic
achievement, these changes have increased the challenge
of improving student outcomes in IPS,» the report read, promising a plan to cultivate schools capable
of erasing the
achievement gap associated with inner city schools where high levels
of poverty and greater
racial diversity exist.
Working with Roland G. Fryer, a researcher at Harvard who studies the
racial achievement gap, Houston officials last year embraced five key tenets
of such charters at nine district secondary schools; this fall, they are expanding the program to 11 elementary schools.»