The failure to find exact definitions and demarcations
of racial categories was one of the main reasons for the decline of scientific racism.8, 20 Blood group research was the most commonly mentioned Indigenous health research topic in the MJA before 1950, discussed in 16 of 113 articles.7
@JamesK Hispanic used to be one
of the racial categories.
Not exact matches
Amazon lists a number
of items it restricts from its website, and there is a
category for «offensive products,» which the company describes partially as «products that promote or glorify hatred, violence,
racial, sexual or religious intolerance or promote organizations with such views.»
The poll basically breaks white Americans down into three
categories: white people who believe they face discrimination and have personally experienced it (NPR spoke with an individual who fell into this
category, although he struggled to think
of specific examples for some reason); white people who believe they face discrimination but have not personally experienced it (NPR also spoke with a man who fell into this group, who hastened to say he believed other
racial and ethnic groups faced discrimination as well), and white people who don't believe they face any discrimination at all.
The controversy is simply people who don't like Fox News trying to claim one
of their news anchors is a stupid racist — when it is the people criticizing her who are stupid (or, at least, misinformed about
racial categories) and / or racist (if they deny that Jesus was white).
Being clearly outside the ethnic and
racial category of a Venetian or European Christian leaves open the possibility — the suspicion — that he may be dangerously close to a particular
category of «Other»: the Turks.
Although race was not a major
category for Wesley, in a society that defined people's place along
racial lines, he might well have agreed that those races who were oppressed had better access to the true meaning
of scripture that those that oppressed them.
Adjust the
categories of racial / ethnic group according to this knowledge if necessary.
What those who deny Obama's «blackness» seem to ignore is that
categories like this are inherently social and political constructions with a high degree
of arbitrariness (on which, see, amongst many writings, Hari Kunzru's wonderful book, THE IMPRESSIONIST, and E.M. Forster's war - time essay, «
Racial Exercise»).
All
categories of crime, including violent crimes, could be reduced, and, critically, so could
racial disparities in jailing rates.
Men dominate S&E professorships, regardless
of field and race.10 Among the top 50 universities in chemistry, physics, computer science, mathematics, and engineering, at least 69 % (most times this number is much higher)
of the professors are men, according to a report recently released by University
of Oklahoma chemistry professor Dr. Donna Nelson.9 The lack
of female professors was far greater among minority women.9 Although the number
of master's degrees and doctorates increased for every
racial and gender
category, except for white males, 1 white — and, to a lesser extent, Asian — men constituted the clear majority
of S&E graduate and faculty positions between 1990 and 1999.9
What to expect in the future: Elimination
of all ethnic and
racial categories in favor
of individual genotyping for disease risk.
A study by researchers at Columbia University's Mailman School
of Public Health found that female students,
racial / ethnic minorities, and students
of lower socioeconomic status are particularly affected, with teens in these
categories less likely to report regularly getting seven or more hours
of sleep each night compared with their male counterparts, non-Hispanic white teenagers, and students
of higher socioeconomic status, respectively.
Scientists and clinicians have increasingly tried to move away from simplistic
racial and ethnic
categories in disease research, the authors say, and — with the rise
of precision medicine — in clinical diagnosis and treatment as well.
The last
category of struggle women foresee would be that her inter
racial children may encounter problems in this world.
The study concludes that «Although our findings indicate that biracial individuals are more likely to seek potential partners outside
of their same
racial / ethnic identity, their dating preferences also reflect a distinct
racial hierarchy that may account for why some
racial / ethnic
categories are more desirable than others».
HUFFINGTON POST - June 8 - According to a survey
of racial exclusion patterns in Internet dating, the most excluded
categories are Asian men and black women.
When news broke that Get Out, Jordan Peele's runaway hit horror movie, would be in the «best motion picture» Golden Globes
category for musicals and comedies, the backlash was swift — due in no small part to the movie being an important expression
of racial themes.
But Get Out's instance
of category fraud has more people upset, with many, including Peele himself, worried that Universal's move is undercutting the
racial commentary
of the film.
When news broke that Get Out, Jordan Peele's runaway hit horror movie, would be in the «best motion picture» Golden Globes
category for musicals and comedies, rather than drama, the backlash was swift — due in no small part to the movie being an important expression
of racial issues.
Race is a political grouping created to support slavery and colonialism, and its boundary lines have shifted over time and across nations to suit political ends... For the last three centuries, science... has been instrumental in justifying the concept
of biological races — and this century's genomic science is no different... Despite the scientific and political evidence, some scientists are attempting to modernize the myth that race is a biological
category... What's new is that today's
racial science claims to divide human beings into natural groups with more accurate precision and without the taint
of racism.»
But as the Academy looks to reverse the tide
of racial myopia, there remain plenty
of other diverse options, from Mira Nair's lovely Queen
of Katwe, a surprise runner - up for TIFF's People's Choice prize, to Denzel Washington's Fences, which will at the very least be a showcase piece for the actor - director, and especially for Viola Davis, who will be a top Best Actress contender (assuming they don't relegate her to the Supporting
category, which is always possible as studios piece together the likeliest winning strategy).
[12] The guidance does not explicitly prohibit aggregation
of data across
racial and ethnic subgroups in cases in which data for those disaggregated
categories would be impossible to report due to sample sizes falling below the state's specified n - size.
[17][18] States must collect and review district - level data on how rates
of identification — overall, by educational setting and disability
category — vary across
racial and ethnic groups with no adjustments for variables that correlate with need for services.
old
racial categories were based on externally visible traits, primarily skin color, features
of the face, and the shape and size
of the head and body, and the underlying skeleton.
But new
categories and a variety
of racial and ethnic choices will give students 63 ways to describe their heritage — or allow them to choose none at all.
One
of the benefits
of this new
category is that proposals can now be brought forward with the explicit intention
of creating more integrated schools in areas where existing schools are often divided on
racial lines.
So many students had been lifted out
of the basement that the
racial achievement gap essentially had been eliminated in that one
category at that one grade level, Schools
of Hope leaders said at the time.
By law, failure to make adequate progress in test scores for even one historically low - performing group — a single
racial - ethnic
category, low - income students, those in special education, or those with limited English proficiency — triggers a series
of increasingly aggressive corrective actions.
Students who identified with two or more
of the other
racial / ethnic groups (e.g., White and Black) would have been classified as «other» and reported as part
of the «unclassified»
category prior to 2011, but from 2011 on were classified as «Two or More Races.»
This year, only five states earned a grade
of «A.» Likewise, grades in the
category «Life Chances for Students» are lower than they would have been a decade ago, due to rising proportions
of students living in poverty and increased
racial isolation in schools.
Beginning in 2011, all
of the students participating in NAEP were identified by school reports as one
of the seven
racial / ethnic
categories listed below:
As in New York, this catch - all
category of minor offenses accounted for a significant percentage
of all student suspensions in California and some
of the largest
racial disparities in discipline.
When one looks at the high levels
of illiteracy among young men — which account for most
of the high levels
of illiteracy in each
racial and income
category — it is clear that far too many young men and women are not getting the instruction and curricula they need to succeed in school and in life.
Grade retention that results from narrow measures
of academic preparedness can increase student risk for problems in school, including increased drop - out rates, and even when the student is promoted, the use
of such assessments to sort students creates tracks within grade levels that reflect
racial, ethnic, and social - class differences and that function to direct entire
categories of students toward low - wage jobs or incarceration.
* Subgroups include specific
categories of students such as students with disabilities, students from major
racial and ethnic groups, and English Language Learners.
And the rate
of suspension for boys is roughly double the rate for girls in all
racial and ethnic
categories.
Report the progress
of achievement in schools and districts by
categories of student — e.g., grade level,
racial and ethnic group, socioeconomic status, limited English proficiency, special education.
Statewide, «Willful defiance accounts for 43 %
of suspensions issued to California students, and is the suspension offense
category with the most significant
racial disparities» (ACLU, 2015).
The
racial demographics were available for the 2013 - 2014 school year and they provided the numbers and percentages
of students attending the schools from the following
racial / ethnic
categories: American Native / Alaska Native, Asian, Pacific Islander, Filipino, Hispanic, Black, and White.
Threats
of (or actual) physical violence,
racial slurs, or aggressive and obscene language would generally fall into this
category.
Using more than one hundred
categories of racial intermixing, the casta system classified a broad spectrum
of combinations
of white, black, Indian and mixed - race heritage.
Racism, which sociologist Howard Winant defines as «that which creates or reproduces hierarchical social structures based on essentialized
racial categories,» has fueled unthinkable violations
of human life.
Such rankings
of peoples have historically been constructed around fabricated
racial and ethnic
categories, which were invoked to justify Europe's colonization
of Africa, the Americas, Australia, and much
of Asia.
You begin by learning about the history
of the creation
of race, what
racial categories actually are, where they came from, what they mean.
Known as «disparate impact» discrimination, the problem is that blanket policies may disproportionately exclude protected classes (based on
racial groups, gender, or one
of several other
categories) from employment because the reason for exclusion is more common in a certain group.
Two
categories of non-discriminatory differentiation protected within a human rights framework are the right to express one's cultural identity, referred to variously as minority rights or cultural rights [109], and the provision
of measures by governments to facilitate the advancement
of members
of certain
racial groups who historically have been disadvantaged by discriminatory policies.
Effect
of Medicaid eligibility
category on
racial disparities in the use
of psychotropic medications among youths
The sample was selected to ensure representation
of respondents across each
of the
racial / ethnic
categories who had and had not met the diagnostic criteria for specific disorders.
Participants indicated their
racial / ethnic
category as European American (65.5 %), African American (16.2 %), Hispanic (8.6 %), Multiracial (5.1 %), Asian / South Pacific Islander (2.5 %), Indigenous Peoples (2 %), and 60.4 % were in a romantic relationship at the time
of the study.