Sentences with phrase «of radiation changes»

Kuhle explains the interglacial periods by the 100,000 - year cycle of radiation changes due to variations of the Earth's orbit.

Not exact matches

When a unit of electromagnetic radiation such as a microwave hits an electron, it absorbs it and changes position.

This changes a lot of what scientists thought they knew about how water bears deal with radiation, as they were previously thought to have proteins that repaired damaged DNA, rather than proteins that halt damage altogether.

The finding provides insight into how radiation can change the chemistry of water ice throughout the solar system.

In tomorrow's issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, two researchers point the finger at chemical changes in the molecule transurocanic acid — which at one time was thought to protect against ultraviolet (UV) radiation damage — as a possible controlling agent in the process.

Earlier studies on the sensitivity of tropical cyclones to past climates have only analyzed the effect of changes in the solar radiation from orbital forcing on the formation of tropical cyclones, without considering the feedbacks associated to the consequent greening of the Sahara.

These geographical changes expose the solar system to different forces of gravity and radiation.

The researchers» interpretation is that the jet is «serpentine and inhomogeneous» because it emits radiation over a range of frequencies and from different zones, which change their orientation due to the instabilities in the jet, or to orbital motions.

Because of this, knowing whether the radiation changes CERES measures come from geoengineering or some other effect proves difficult — unless, that is, the engineering effort is so big it drowns out the noise of natural variability.

If hypofractionated radiation with curative intent can reduce the treatment time for lung cancer patients by half with no greater toxicity, and with equivalent — if not better — tumor control and survival outcomes, this research could result in a change in the paradigm of how a large subset of locally advanced NSCLC patients are treated.»

The sentence marked with an asterisk was changed from «In fact, fly ash — a by - product from burning coal for power — and other coal waste contains up to 100 times more radiation than nuclear waste» to «In fact, the fly ash emitted by a power plant — a by - product from burning coal for electricity — carries into the surrounding environment 100 times more radiation than a nuclear power plant producing the same amount of energy.»

The Sun's activity — including changes in the number of sunspots, levels of radiation and ejection of material - varies on an eleven - year cycle, driven by changes in its magnetic field.

By improving the understanding of how much radiation CO2 absorbs, uncertainties in modelling climate change will be reduced and more accurate predictions can be made about how much Earth is likely to warm over the next few decades.

At any moment the great cocoon of unseen magnetic fields and particle radiation that surrounds Earth and all other major planets is going to experience a change of polarity

Using data from NASA's Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) mission, Raeder and his Ph.D. student Shiva Kavosi (lead author) found that Kelvin - Helmholtz waves actually occur 20 percent of the time at the magnetopause and can change the energy levels of our planet's radiation belts.

But if it interacted with radiation in the early universe, it could have an effect similar to that of relativistic particles, changing how the energy in the early universe is divided up among its components.

The impact of grain size on albedo — the ratio between reflected and incoming solar radiation — is strong in the infrared range, where humans can't see, but satellite instruments can detect the change.

They examined light adaptation mechanisms of visible - and IR - radiation - using phototrophs required for adapting to land habitats and found out that IR - using phototrophs struggle to adapt to changing light condition at the boundary of water and land surface.

This periodic change in the amount of radiation reaching Earth lasts roughly 11 years, but is highly erratic.

By taking the change in the black hole's spin, and her half of the Hawking radiation that is emitted after she drops the qubit, Alice can use the rules of quantum teleportation to work out the spin of the qubit she dropped into the black hole — and hence retrieve information from beyond the black hole's event horizon.

The recent declines and disappearances of many frogs, toads, and salamanders have been blamed on a number of causes, including pathogenic infection, pesticides, pollutants, increased UV radiation from ozone depletion, and local drought spurred by climate change.

The model tracked changes in temperature and solar radiation at many altitudes throughout the lower layer of the atmosphere.

James Crow, a member of the commission's advisory committee says he has no doubt that genetic changes were induced by the radiation from the bomb «but they were below the threshold of detection».

The discovery of such shock waves would change our understanding of the nature of radiation damage with ions to cancerous tumour.

Together, the findings provide critical information that could lead to the development of new products that change skin tone without exposure to UV radiation or toxic bleaching agents.

Now, researchers say they've discovered changes in the proteins of soybeans grown near Chernobyl that could explain how plants survive despite chronic radiation exposure.

Researchers have offered a number of explanations for the die - off: attacks of parasites, exposure to radiation or ultraviolet light, fungal infections, climate change, habitat loss, competition with exotic species, and pesticides.

But a study in tomorrow's Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences suggests ionizing radiation can stir up chemical changes in cytoplasm that lead to DNA damage.

The scientists worked with model bacteria that are representative of the sort of microbial lifeforms that might be expected to have emerged on Mars and used a Raman spectrometer to track how the detectable signal from them changed with increasing exposure to radiation.

«They provide us with an echo of real ecological processes, like adaptive radiations, when an organism rapidly diversifies due to a change in environment or to fill a new niche,» O'Dwyer said.

Such changes range from how much solar radiation the region reflects back into space to the structure of the ecological communities in Arctic waters; meanwhile, melting permafrost is driving the transformation of frozen tundra into wetlands, and grassy plains are shifting into lusher landscapes of bushes and trees.

Using this input, a sophisticated computer model developed at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, was used to determine which areas receive direct sunlight, how much solar radiation reaches the surface, and how the conditions change over the course of a year on Ceres.

Given the revised timeline in this region, Willenbring and colleagues determined that the increased precipitation resulted from changes in the intensity of the sun's radiation on the Earth, which is based on the planet's tilt in orbit.

Low energy electrons are ubiquitous and are known to play important role in variety of phenomena relevant to astrochemistry (where they participate in synthesis of new molecules), in radiation biology (where they cause chemical changes in living cell, plasma chemistry), atmospheric chemistry, radioactive waste management and nanolithography — to name but a few.

For instance, UV radiation amounts to a mere 7 % of solar energy, but its variation produces changes in the stratosphere near the Equator, all the way to the polar regions, which govern climate.

«We were surprised to see that these changes — reduced grey matter volume and ventricular enlargement — occurred after just a few weeks of treatment and continued to progress even after radiation therapy was completed,» says Dietrich.

The diversification of species is not always gradual but can occur in rapid radiations, especially after major environmental changes (1, 2).

The researchers warn, however, that the future evolution of the AMO remains uncertain, with many factors potentially affecting how it interacts with atmospheric circulation patterns, such as Arctic sea ice loss, changes in solar radiation, volcanic eruptions and concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

On the other hand, ionizing radiation such as x-rays and the used in CT scans or gamma - ray Mammograms do have enough power to change matter, because the wavelength is low and of high energy.

«We're interested in the radiation damage case in particular, but other applications might include studying low - temperature phase change materials, or real - time monitoring of oxide layer formation on steel alloys,» he said.

IGRT is a common practice in both photon (traditional radiation therapy) and proton therapy to treat tumors close to sensitive structures and organs or in areas of the body prone to movement or change in shape.

The effect can be demonstrated by sending terahertz radiation through the material: The polarization of the terahertz beam is changed if the multiferroic material exhibits magnetic ordering.

Of particular interest are changes in mechanical and thermal transport properties with which researchers try to determine the lifetime for safe use of the material in engineering systems within radiation environmentOf particular interest are changes in mechanical and thermal transport properties with which researchers try to determine the lifetime for safe use of the material in engineering systems within radiation environmentof the material in engineering systems within radiation environments.

In recent years, a brand of research called «climate attribution science» has sprouted from this question, examining the impact of extreme events to determine how much — often in fractional terms — is related to human - induced climate change, and how much to natural variability (whether in climate patterns such as the El Niño / La Niña - Southern Oscillation, sea - surface temperatures, changes in incoming solar radiation, or a host of other possible factors).

If the frequency of the radiation is properly tuned, the two pulses cause the atom to change from one quantum state to another.

Aerosols that high in the sky «can change the amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface and affect rainfall through cloud formation,» she says.

The Max Planck researcher and his colleague propose another change to the strategy for the Starshot project: instead of a huge energy - hungry laser, the Sun's radiation could be used to accelerate a nanoprobe beyond the solar system.

The tick of an atomic clock is measured by the frequency of radiation emitted when electrons around an atom change energy states.

Mutation is a change in the structure of a gene and can be caused by errors in copying DNA, carcinogenic chemicals, viruses, UV - light and radiation.

As a result, changes in Antarctic clouds, such as the amount of ground they cover or how much radiation they absorb, can have ripple effects as far away as the tropics.