Sentences with phrase «of radiation flux»

To do that we need to look up from ground surface to see the increase of radiation flux (W / m2).

'' An extensive calculation of the radiation flux in the region of the 15 micron CO2 band has recently been made by PLASS (1956b).

The issue at hand is relating this to surface temperature, in terms of the radiation fluxes causing a surface temperature change.

Not exact matches

Our best guess is that the lower flux of ultraviolet radiation during the winter, along with the sun - blocking effect of the ring shadows on the winter hemisphere, reduces the production of the overlying haze.

The CubeSat mission, called the Colorado Student Space Weather Experiment (CSSWE), housed a small telescope to measure the flux of solar energetic protons and Earth's radiation belt electrons.

«The flux of the x-ray radiation depends on the wavelength of the laser,» says Skirmantas Alisauskas (TU Wien).

In a very massive star, photon radiation — the outward flux of photons that is generated due to the star's very high interior temperatures — pushes gas from the star outward in opposition to the gravitational force that pulls the gas back in.

They then looked at another source of data: that of the Clouds» and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) satellite instruments which measure fluxes of reflected and emitted radiation from Earth to space, to help scientists understand how the climate varies over time.

With this relatively slow movement, the megnetic flux lines were of a more congruent, harmonious pattern offering the best protection against the solar radiation.

Another major space weather event resulted in an increase in background radiation that made it difficult for the Analyser of Space Plasmas and Energetic Atoms 3 (ASPERA - 3) instrument on - board Mars Express (MEX) to evaluate ion escape fluxes at Mars (Futaana et al. 2008).

-- The aforementioned empirical determinations of climate sensitivity are much more consistent with each other if the contribution of the cosmic ray flux / cloud cover effect is included in the radiation budget.

He especially enjoys research focused on the study of matter at extreme conditions of high pressure, high temperature, and high radiation flux.

ICARUS is gathering data on surface radiation, heat fluxes, and vertical profiles of the basic atmospheric state (temperature, humidity, and horizontal wind), as well as turbulence, aerosol properties, and cloud properties.

The regional climate feedbacks formulation reveals fundamental biases in a widely - used method for diagnosing climate sensitivity, feedbacks and radiative forcing — the regression of the global top - of - atmosphere radiation flux on global surface temperature.

More importantly, this system has the very nice property that the global mean of instantaneous forcing calculations (the difference in the radiation fluxes at the tropopause when you change greenhouse gases or aerosols or whatever) are a very good predictor for the eventual global mean response.

The physics usually consists of advection, radiation calculations, surface fluxes (latent, sensible heat etc.), convection, turbulence and clouds.

This means that there is an upward surface flux of LW around (~ 390 W / m2), while the outward flux at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) is roughly equivalent to the net solar radiation coming in (1 - a) S / 4 (~ 240 W / m2).

According to http://folk.uio.no/jegill/papers/2002GL015646.pdf «A physical mechanism connecting solar irradiance and low clouds might contain the following components: (1) Over the solar cycle the flux of ultraviolet (UV) radiation varies by several %, and even more so in the short wavelength component of the UV.

In that survey, it was almost universal that groups tuned for radiation balance at the top of the atmosphere (usually by adjusting uncertain cloud parameters), but there is a split on pratices like using flux corrections (2 / 3rds of groups disagreed with that).

As the atmospheric opacity is increased (e.g., 2xCO2), the physical location of the TAU = 1 level will rise to a higher altitude, but the outgoing flux will still come from the TAU = 1 level since radiation doesn't care about the geometric scale), and the TAU = 1 level will still correspond to the same temperature (since the solar input energy is unchanged).

...» The variable part of the solar radiation flux is mainly emitted by the chromospheric parts of the CAs.

The warming of the world ocean is associated with an increase in global surface air temperature, downward longwave radiation, and therefore net heat flux.

Refraction, specifically the real component of refraction n (describes bending of rays, wavelength changes relative to a vacuum, affects blackbody fluxes and intensities — as opposed to the imaginary component, which is related to absorption and emission) is relatively unimportant to shaping radiant fluxes through the atmosphere on Earth (except on the small scale processes where it (along with difraction, reflection) gives rise to scattering, particularly of solar radiation — in that case, the effect on the larger scale can be described by scattering properties, the emergent behavior).

The general argument however is being discussed by rasmus in the context of planetary energy balance: the impact of additional CO2 is to reduce the outgoing longwave radiation term and force the system to accumulate excess energy; the imbalance is currently on the order of 1.45 * (10 ^ 22) Joules / year over the globe, and the temperature must rise allowing the outgoing radiation term to increase until it once again matches the absorbed incoming stellar flux.

Finally, going back to Bryan's remark, he is certainly correct that the physical heat flow generated at ridges etc is tiny with respect to the flux of SW radiation.

Trends as a function of CSD, Saturation: If the temperature varies monotonically over the distance from which most of the radiation reaching that level is emitted, then increasing the CSD will bring the upward and downward fluxes and intensities (at a given angle) toward the same value, reducing the net intensities and fluxes, until eventually they approach zero (or a nonzero saturation value at TOA).

Actually there can be convection from the surface that is balanced by some of the radiation from within the troposphere, but in the approximation of zero non-radiative transfer above the tropopause, all the flux into the stratosphere must be from below (absent solar heating).

The ones that are most relevant today though are those that affect atmospheric absorption and reflection of radiation, and surface impacts on either radiative or hydrologic fluxes.

It is true that this lost solar heating now adds to the LW flux coming from below, but the skin layer only absorbs a tiny fraction of that, so the increase in absorped LW flux from below is less than the decrease in the absorbed SW radiation.

The increase / decrease of net upward LW flux going from one level to a higher level equals the net cooling / heating of that layer by LW radiation — in equilibrium this must be balanaced by solar heating / cooling + convective / conductive heating / cooling, and those are related to flux variation in height in the same way.

So actually the local radiation field is much simpler that what you're trying to describe: in the transparent windows, it's just the emitted intensity from the source (sun + ground), and in the opaque lines, it is nearly isotropic with the excitation temperature of the molecules close to the local kinetic temperature if collisions are numerous enough, with a small anisotropy linked to the net radiation flux.

Planck radiation is a direct function of the «real» temperature, the radiation intensity or flux being in direct proportion to T ^ 4 (or T ^ 5 depending how you slice it).

The equilibrium response to an addition of RF at a level is an increase in net upward flux consisting of LW radiation (the Planck response, PR) plus a convective flux response CR; CR is approximately zero at and above the tropopause in the global time average.

In radiative - convective equilibrium, the convergence of different energy fluxes (solar and LW radiation, summed over all frequencies, and convection / conduction / etc.)

The effect where, adding a «new» absorption band and increasing the absorption, there may initially be warming of the colder layers, etc, followed by a stage of upper level or near - TOA cooling — this includes the warming from absorption from increased radiation from the surface + troposphere — which will be greater when more of the spectrum, especially near wavelengths where the emitted spectral flux change is greatest, has a greater amount of absorption.

Once the heated layer becomes more than a few centimeters thick, the heat loss of the skin layer due to downward conduction of heat by diffusion stops having any significant effect on the surface temperature, since rock is such a good insulator that the heat flux by conduction in rock is tiny compared to the heat loss by infrared radiation out the top.

The calculations estimate the reduction in the energy flux density with distance away from the sun (Gauss» theorem) and the black body radiation describing the rate of planetary heat loss.

See Fig 1 which shows the spectrum of OLR (outgoing LW radiation)-- the smooth curve is the Planck function for 288 K, approximate surface temperature, scaled (by a factor of pi steradians) to be in terms of flux per unit area per unit of the spectrum.

Beers law: transmission of a beam of radiation decays exponentially over optical thickness (A flux distributed over solid angle decays as a sum of exponentials; if there is scattering it can get complicated).

In equilibrium these would be balanced by upward transfer of infrared radiation emitted by the surface, by sensible heat flux (warm air carried upward) and by latent heat flux (i.e. evaporation — moisture carried upward).

The combination of decreasing upward flux and increasing downward flux add to a decreasing net upward flux (true for both SW and LW radiation).

Recent accurate laboratory measurements of the absorption in the CO2 band by CLOUD (1952) were used to calculate the radiation flux in the atmosphere with the aid of the MIDAC high speed digital computor.»

Within a convecting layer, convective fluxes can also be part of the response, but where convection is bounded within a layer, the layer as a whole must respond with radiation to radiative forcings and feedbacks.)

Of course, there are plenty of negative feedbacks as well (the increase in long wave radiation as temperatures rise or the reduction in atmospheric poleward heat flux as the equator - to - pole gradient decreases) and these (in the end) are dominant (having kept Earth's climate somewhere between boiling and freezing for about 4.5 billion years and countingOf course, there are plenty of negative feedbacks as well (the increase in long wave radiation as temperatures rise or the reduction in atmospheric poleward heat flux as the equator - to - pole gradient decreases) and these (in the end) are dominant (having kept Earth's climate somewhere between boiling and freezing for about 4.5 billion years and countingof negative feedbacks as well (the increase in long wave radiation as temperatures rise or the reduction in atmospheric poleward heat flux as the equator - to - pole gradient decreases) and these (in the end) are dominant (having kept Earth's climate somewhere between boiling and freezing for about 4.5 billion years and counting).

The Stephens et al paper is a very incremental change from previous estimates of the global energy balances — chiefly an improvement in latent heat fluxes because of undercounts in the satellite precipitation products and an increase in downward longwave radiation.

The all - sky climatological greenhouse effect (the difference of the all - sky surface upward flux and absorbed solar flux) at this surface is equal to the reflected solar radiation.

«But no radiative data is used» It must be incorporated in his model, he states «The all - sky climatological greenhouse effect (the difference of the all - sky surface upward flux and absorbed solar flux) at this surface is equal to the reflected solar radiation.»

Our observational studies (Gray and Schwartz, 2010 and 2011) of the variations of outward radiation (IR + albedo) energy flux to space (ISCCP data) vs. tropical and global precipitation increase (from NCEP reanalysis data) indicates that there is not a reduction of global net radiation (IR + Albedo) to space which is associated with increased global or tropical - regional rainfall.

The other fluxes (shortwave and longwave radiation at both surface and top of atmosphere) show more «normal» cycles (though somewhat higher values).

So I was wondering over which period the radiation fluxes and cloud variables are calculated (e.g., the first 12 hours of each forecast) in each reanalysis.