A simple experiment was done by comparing the amount
of radiation from the earth in response to warming or cooling over a period of time.
Clouds can have a double effect on radiation: they warm the earth by reducing the amount
of radiation from the earth that escapes into space but also cool the earth by reflecting the sun's rays back into space.
If one looks at the satellite measurements
of radiation from the earth you see that at certain wavelengths the radiation is characteristic of the temperature of the earth's surface.
Not exact matches
Either they necessitate a deceptive «God», e.g. creating starlight «in transit» which means that for some light the star that supposedly sent said light would never have actually existed, or they would cause effect that should be evident but are not, e.g. temporarily fast starlight would effectively cook many things, such as life on
earth, if the required light (and attendant gamma
radiation) were compressed into a significantly shorter time frame (think
of the
radiation from the apparent 13 billion years
of the universe arriving at the same time, or even over a 1000 years).
or if he stopped the
earths rotation, he have surely made the Jews aware that he was preventing
radiation from frying them all when the
earths core stopped rotating depriving the planet
of its electromagnetic field.
4s) then photons erupted
from this energy cloud (detectable today as the microwave background
radiation) 5s) photons and other particles form the bodies
of the early universe (atoms, molecules, stars, planets, galaxies) 6s) it rained on the early
earth until it was cool enough for oceans to form 7s) the first life form was blue green bacteria.
4) then photons erupted
from this energy 4) let there be LIGHT (1 - 4 all the first day) cloud (detectable today as the microwave background
radiation) 5) photons and other particles form the 5) God next creates the heavens (what we call the sky) above bodies
of the early universe (atoms, (2nd day) molecules, stars, planets, galaxies) 6) it rained on the early
earth until it was 6) dry land appears as the oceans form (3rd day) cool enough for oceans to form 7) the first life form was blue green bacteria.
Weather is cause by the interaction
of natural forces in the
Earth's atmosphere and fueled by
radiation from the Sun.
In the case
of GRB 990123, astronomers were able for the first time to obtain a record
of the event
from a variety
of instruments as its
radiation reached
Earth.
Heat
from Earth's inner core, which is as hot as the surface
of the sun, churns an outer core
of molten iron and nickel, generating a magnetic field that deflects lethal cosmic and solar
radiation away
from the planet.
Enormous clouds
of these tiny grains scatter and absorb some
of the
radiation emitted
from the stars — especially visible light — limiting what can be seen by telescopes here on
Earth.
Brilliant outbursts
of radiation from near the black hole had spread outward, struck iron atoms in surrounding gas clouds, and then reflected toward
Earth, becoming visible here long after the original eruption.
The atmosphere is just 1/130 as dense as
Earth's, affording little protection
from solar
radiation, and it consists mostly
of unbreathable carbon dioxide.
«The evidence that these new gravitational waves are
from merging neutron stars has been captured, for the first time, by observatories on
Earth and in orbit that detect electromagnetic
radiation, including visible light and other wavelengths,» said Chad Hanna, assistant professor
of physics and
of astronomy & astrophysics and Freed Early Career Professor at Penn State.
The GPS data, which dates
from December 2000, fill a hole in studies
of space weather, the complex interplay
of Earth's magnetic field with bombarding
radiation from cosmic rays and the sun.
To put these numbers in perspective, the average person encounters 360 millirems
of annual «background
radiation»
from natural and man - made sources, including substances in
Earth's crust, cosmic rays, residue
from nuclear tests and smoke detectors.
It turns out that the thousands
of feet
of solid salt deposits and clay designed to protect against
radiation leaks also protect the caverns
from the background
radiation constantly hitting
Earth's surface.
This layer
of the atmosphere forms when
radiation from the sun strips electrons
from, or ionizes, atoms and molecules in the atmosphere between about 75 and 1,000 kilometers above
Earth's surface.
On
Earth, a strong magnetic field and a thick atmosphere help protect life
from radiation blazing
from the sun and the rest
of the universe.
Earth's magnetosphere extends over a radius
of a million kilometers, which acts as the first line
of defence, shielding us
from the continuous flow
of solar and galactic cosmic rays, thus protecting life on our planet
from these high intensity energetic
radiations.
When astronauts are outside
of Earth's magnetic field, spaceships provide only limited shielding
from radiation exposure, explains study leader Robert D. Hienz, Ph.D., an associate professor
of behavioral biology at the Johns Hopkins University School
of Medicine.
The feeble glow
of microwaves
from the sun is absorbed by our air on the way down, anyway, so unless the core somehow also strips off
Earth's atmosphere — in which case we have bigger problems than solar
radiation — we should be safe enough
from microwaves if our planet's center stops spinning.
Then there's the even greater problem
of protecting the body
from cosmic
radiation — a role
Earth's natural magnetic field does for us quite nicely.
Scientists
from the UNIGE explain the global temperature drop by a stratospheric injection
of large amounts
of sulphur dioxide reducing the intensity
of solar
radiation reaching the surface
of Earth.
A large shield blocks out solar
radiation, and the telescope orbits millions
of miles
from Earth's heat.
Although Proxima Centauri's dimness provides the planet with a balmy climate, the star is prone to outbursts
of harsh X-ray and ultraviolet
radiation, which could damage any chance
of life on the planet — X-rays hit the surface 400 times more often than those
from the sun pummel
Earth.
NASA now has four space missions in the works that will use the gravitational weirdness
of libration points for everything
from mapping the whisper
of radiation left over
from the Big Bang to photographing
Earth 24 hours a day.
Galactic Ice Age Threat When a colleague asked him how a nearby supernova blast might affect life on
Earth, astrophysicist Nir Shaviv
of the Hebrew University
of Jerusalem thought he knew what to expect: a lot
of mutations
from radiation.
Geoengineering schemes use two ways to offset this process: They either remove the gases
from the atmosphere, allowing more
radiation to exit, or deflect a portion
of the sun's light — about 1.8 percent should do the trick — reducing the amount
of radiation absorbed by the
earth.
In a quest to better predict space weather, the Dartmouth researchers study the
radiation belts
from above and below in complementary approaches — through satellites (the twin NASA Van Allen Probes) high over
Earth and through dozens
of instrument - laden balloons (BARREL, or Balloon Array for
Radiation belt Relativistic Electron Losses) at lower altitudes to assess the particles that rain down.
The
radiation belts are two donut - shaped regions
of highly energetic particles trapped in the
Earth's magnetic field — the inner, located just above our atmosphere and extending 4,000 miles into space; and the outer,
from 8,000 to 26,000 miles out — and are named for their discoverer (as are the probes), the late James A. Van Allen
of the University
of Iowa.
As a pulsar spins, it emits a narrow stream
of radiation, like the beam
from a lighthouse; astronomers detect it only if the beam happens to sweep past
Earth.
Unlike
Earth, Mars has no substantial atmosphere or global magnetic field, and so is completely unprotected against the flood
of energetic
radiation particles
from outer space.
Tobiska believes these events can liberate energetic electrons
from the outer Van Allen
radiation belts, regions
of Earth's magnetosphere where charged particles — mostly
from the solar wind — get trapped.
The Cosmic Microwave Background
radiation, or CMB for short, is a faint glow
of light that fills the universe, falling on
Earth from every direction with nearly uniform intensity.
Known as pulsars, the dead stars emit beams
of radiation that sweep past
Earth at regular intervals, like the rotating beams
from a lighthouse.
Given the revised timeline in this region, Willenbring and colleagues determined that the increased precipitation resulted
from changes in the intensity
of the sun's
radiation on the
Earth, which is based on the planet's tilt in orbit.
How do you figure out what powers solar flares — the intense bursts
of radiation coming
from the release
of magnetic energy associated with sunspots — when you must rely on observing only the light and particles that make their way to near -
Earth's orbit?
Higher levels
of ultraviolet
radiation penetrating the
Earth's dwindling ozone layer may be driving some species
of frogs to extinction, according to researchers
from Oregon.
From GPS orbit (roughly 12,600 miles above
Earth), satellite - borne sensors probe the largest
radiation belt — consisting mainly
of energetic electrons.
On
Earth, temperature inversion occurs because ozone in the stratosphere absorbs much
of the sun's ultraviolet
radiation, preventing it
from reaching the surface, protecting the biosphere, and therefore warming the stratosphere instead.
Stacks
of ultra-cooled germanium detector «crystals» — about the size and shape
of hockeypucks — sit in the old mine, shielded
from cosmic
radiation by about half a mileof
Earth.
The largest
of these eruptions cause what is known as space weather — the
radiation, energetic particles and magnetic field releases
from the Sun powerful enough to cause severe effects in
Earth's near environment, such as the disruption
of communications, power lines and navigations systems.
Previous research has suggested that
Earth's protective magnetic field would be weaker across such periods
of frequent reversal, compromising its ability to shield life
from harmful solar
radiation and cosmic rays.
For example,
from laboratory experiments we can determine the amount
of amino acids produced per photon
of ultraviolet
radiation, and
from our knowledge
of stellar evolution we can calculate the amount
of ultraviolet
radiation emitted by the sun over the first billion years
of the existence
of the
earth.
They then looked at another source
of data: that
of the Clouds» and
Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) satellite instruments which measure fluxes
of reflected and emitted
radiation from Earth to space, to help scientists understand how the climate varies over time.
These so - called starbursts are difficult to observe
from Earth, as their dusty shrouds absorb much
of the optical light
from the stars and re-radiate it as longer - wavelength
radiation to which
Earth's atmosphere is mostly opaque.
Earth's inhabitants are largely protected
from cosmic
radiation by the planet's atmosphere and magnetic field, but long - term residents
of the moon would be exposed to potential cellular and genetic damage without proper shielding.
They ascribe the discrepancies to
radiation from nuclear reactions still taking place at the centre
of the
Earth.
Rapid reversals
of Earth's magnetic field 550 million years ago destroyed a large part
of the ozone layer and let in a flood
of ultraviolet
radiation, devastating the unusual creatures
of the so - called Ediacaran Period and triggering an evolutionary flight
from light that led to the Cambrian explosion
of animal groups.