Sentences with phrase «of radiation losses»

So whilst most of the radiation losses (over land) within the atmospheric windows will occur during the period between mid morning and early evening, radiation at wavelengths around the absorption peaks will be pretty constant during any given 24 hours.

These temperatures in the base of the troposphere slow down and even stop the surface cooling in the early pre-dawn hours, regardless of radiation losses which are balanced by «heat creep» diffusion and conduction back into the surface.

Not exact matches

The prognosis was for a gradual decline in vision and, when the amount of loss became significant, the tumor could be treated using radiation.

This research was presented in a paper entitled «Connecting the dots: a correlation between ionising radiation and cloud mass - loss rate traced by optical integral field spectroscopy,» by A. F. McLeod et al., published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.

In 1925, three decades after Röntgen's discovery and after the loss of possibly hundreds of lives to radiation sickness, the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements was formed to establish a maximum exposure for X-rays.

«Dinosaurs» loss was frogs» gain: The upside of a mass extinction: 88 percent of living frogs originated from an evolutionary radiation beginning at K - Pg boundary.»

One such scenario would be a loss of water in the pool to a level that permitted fuel rods to ignite and release perilously high radiation levels.

«Silicon - based transistors often suffer from high switching loss during power transmission and fail when exposed to extremely high temperatures or levels of radiation,» Liu said.

In a quest to better predict space weather, the Dartmouth researchers study the radiation belts from above and below in complementary approaches — through satellites (the twin NASA Van Allen Probes) high over Earth and through dozens of instrument - laden balloons (BARREL, or Balloon Array for Radiation belt Relativistic Electron Losses) at lower altitudes to assess the particles that rain down.

Those with permanent impairment — usually caused by repeated surgeries or radiation to remove cancerous and noncancerous growths — have scarring and stiffening of the vocal cord mucosa that can lead to a complete loss of the voice.

Researchers have offered a number of explanations for the die - off: attacks of parasites, exposure to radiation or ultraviolet light, fungal infections, climate change, habitat loss, competition with exotic species, and pesticides.

A group of researchers at Osaka University found that if DNA damage response (DDR) does not work when DNA is damaged by radiation, proteins which should be removed remain instead, and a loss of genetic information can be incited, which, when repaired incorrectly, will lead to the tumor formation.

«It is plausible that the ARMAS results are related to enhanced loss of radiation belt particles from the magnetosphere into the middle and lower atmosphere,» he says.

Mice have been kept aboard the ISS for up to 91 days, during which time they were used to study a loss in blood quality called flight anaemia, and the effects of cosmic radiation on fertility.

The non-monophyly of the birds of prey at the deepest branches of the Australaves and Afroaves radiations suggests that the common ancestor of core landbirds may have been an apex predator, followed by two losses of the raptorial trait.

«Instead of absorption loss, we adopt a different loss mechanism — radiation loss — which does not affect the device performance,» Zhen says.

Understanding the processes that control the formation and ultimate loss of such relativistic electrons is a primary science objective of the Van Allen Probes and has important practical applications, because of the enormous amounts of radiation trapped within the two Van Allen radiation belts.

The researchers warn, however, that the future evolution of the AMO remains uncertain, with many factors potentially affecting how it interacts with atmospheric circulation patterns, such as Arctic sea ice loss, changes in solar radiation, volcanic eruptions and concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

The new technology has been shown to nearly eliminate the reflection losses of solar radiation.

All that intense radiation means «there is a ton of mass loss going on among this group,» says Weaver, who was not involved in the study.

The gauntlet Juno ran at Jupiter held many chances for catastrophe: The spacecraft might have been knocked out by intense magnetic fields (at that distance, 20 times stronger than Earth's), ionizing radiation (a total dose of 265 rads — more than enough to kill a human being), dust particles from Jupiter's rings (from which the main engine was completely unshielded) or loss of power if the solar arrays were unable to reorient to the sun.

Although the KamLAND detector uses Japanese nuclear reactors as its neutrino source, Freedman says that the loss of the Fukushima reactor and ensuing radiation will affect the experiments little.

A statistical analysis of the weight loss of each leaf litter sample after those nine months showed that higher background radiation was associated with less weight loss.

Loss of tumor suppressor p53 decreases PTEN expression and enhances signaling pathways leading to activation of activator protein 1 and nuclear factor kappaB induced by UV radiation.

Furthermore, KELT - 9b receives ~ 700 times more extreme ultraviolet radiation (wavelengths shorter than 91.2 nanometers) than WASP - 33b, leading to a predicted range of mass - loss rates that could leave the planet largely stripped of its envelope during the main - sequence lifetime of the host star.

Given that solar output four billion years ago was only about 60 percent of what it is today, enhanced levels of carbon dioxide and perhaps ammonia (NH3) must have been present in order to retard the loss of infrared radiation into space.

When greenhouse gases increase, more longwave radiation is directed back at the ocean surface, which warms the cool - skin layer, lowers the thermal gradient, and consequently reduces the rate of heat loss.

The British Antarctic Survey (BAS) has a 3 year, fixed term appointment available as part of a NERC funded project: Modelling the acceleration, transport and loss of radiation belt electrons to protect satellites from space weather (Rad - Sat).

The work will be performed in the context of a new NERC - funded consortium led by the British Antarctic Survey (Rad - Sat) whose goal is to model the acceleration, transport and loss of radiation belt electrons to protect satellites from space weather.

The star's loss of its outer, gaseous layers exposes the hot stellar core, whose strong ultraviolet radiation then causes the... Read more

Some of that material then may contaminate the fuel and increase radiation losses, causing the fuel temperature to collapse below that needed for fusion reactions to occur.»

«People who undergo chemotherapy or radiation therapy for oral cancer often lose their sense of taste, leading to decreased interest in food, weight loss, and malnutrition,» said lead author M. Hakan Ozdener, M.D., Ph.D., M.P.H., a cellular biologist at Monell.

They found that radiation therapy - induced bone loss occurred within one to four months from start of treatment.

Since gamma radiation provides the energy preventing gravitational collapse of the outer layers of the star onto the core, at some point the loss of this energy (through so - called «pair instability») causes violent pulsations that eject a large fraction of the outer layers of the star and eventually a star's outer layers to collapse inward to create a thermonuclear explosion that, in theory, would be brighter than previously detected supernova.

We don't use a microwave for several reasons: food doesn't taste as good in the microwave, plus there are concerns about radiation and loss of nutrients.

Chemotherapy and radiation can have side effects such as loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, tingling as a result of nerve damage, physical fatigue, mental fatigue, muscular pain, joint and pain and other forms of pain.

According to Mark Sircus, in Transdermal Magnesium Therapy, a deficiency of magnesium increases free radical generation in the body and «causes glutathione loss, which is not affordable because glutathione helps to defend the body against damage from cigarette smoking, exposure to radiation, cancer chemotherapy, and toxins such as alcohol and just about everything else.»

Miami seems to fall in a nice zone where you still get the heat and humidity water and fat loss benefits of hot weather, but they are turned up a notch over, say, NY, with the almost tropical level UV radiation on top of it.

In addition to the hyaluron, the serum has olive derived squalane to prevent water loss of the skin, as well as protect it from harsh environmental factors and guards against UV radiation, making this anti-aging serum ideal for those with dry skin.

Palliative radiation therapy can be used to control pain, bleeding, and loss of function.

In addition, some dogs develop dryness and redness of skin and hair loss in the area to which the radiation is delivered.

In many Mediterranean climates there is a strong diurnal character to daily temperatures in the warm summer months, due to the great loss of ultraviolet radiation from the sun at night.

An energy surplus there gives rise to warming which causes a rise in infra - red radiation leading to more energy loss at the top of the atmosphere and hence a trend back into energy balance (negative feedback).

Earth's energy balance In response to a positive radiative forcing F (see Appendix A), such as characterizes the present - day anthropogenic perturbation (Forsteret al., 2007), the planet must increase its net energy loss to space in order to re-establish energy balance (with net energy loss being the difference between the outgoing long - wave (LW) radiation and net incoming shortwave (SW) radiation at the top - of - atmosphere (TOA)-RRB-.

Thus the radiation heat balance, according to the IPCC, in the NH must be far less positive than in the SH (as example: a loss of 5 W / m2 TOA due to aerosols in the NH Indian Ocean).

This is reflected in radiation trends of 5 W / m2 IR radiation back to space and 2 W / m2 less reflection of sunlight for the period 1985 - 2000, which results in 3 W / m2 net loss to space.

The higher sea surface temperatures in the tropics (~ 0.85 K / decade in recent decades) have lead to an increase in LW (infrared) radiation, and a loss to space of some 3 W / m2 all over the tropics (50 % of the surface), which more than halves the — theoretical — global influence (~ 2.4 W / m2) of all extra GHGs together since the start of the industrial revolution.

Once the heated layer becomes more than a few centimeters thick, the heat loss of the skin layer due to downward conduction of heat by diffusion stops having any significant effect on the surface temperature, since rock is such a good insulator that the heat flux by conduction in rock is tiny compared to the heat loss by infrared radiation out the top.

Hence, whereas the planet is heated at the surface, it's main heat loss takes place from a height about 5.5 km above the ground, where most of the radiation is free to escape out to space.

If the loss of heat by the oceans is caused by a change in radiation balance, the primary source of the change should be a change in (mainly tropical) cloud cover.