Sentences with phrase «of radiation transport»

TonyB, to answer seriously, it would be helpful to know what portions of The 2010 Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion and also Environmental Effects of Ozone Depletion and its Interactions with Climate Change: 2010 Assessment are accessible to your technical understanding, particularly in regard to physical chemistry and the quantum theory of radiation transport.

One is to acknowledge that calculation of radiation transport through a partially opaque atmosphere is one of those problems that seems easy until you try to write down the equations, and then you find it's a monster — the great mathematical physicist S. Chandrasekhar spent years working on it and wrote a book full of equations on stellar atmospheres that I think hardly anyone in atmospheric physics even tries to read.

During this phase two aspects of the simulation were discussed: (i) the fundamentals of the Monte Carlo simulation of radiation transport and of the physics of imaging detectors; and (ii) the structure and practical operation of the Monte Carlo codes PENELOPE / penEasy and the MANTIS family of codes.

Not exact matches

And as for that ship: To safely fit 100 people and protect them from dangerous solar radiation outside, it would have to be twice the size of the biggest spaceship ever built — the Saturn V, which transported astronauts to the moon.

Its ordinarily limited radioactivity makes plutonium safe for terrorists or other thieves to transport with little risk of radiation injury.

These include adequate uranium supply (probably necessitating immense uranium strip mines in Tennessee), almost inconceivable reactor and waste - transport accidents, low - level radiation effects from normal plant operations, and the burden of guarding both radioactive waste and outdated but radioactive nuclear plants for thousands of years.

These so - called urban heat islands result from various factors, such as population density, surface sealing, thermal radiation of buildings, industry, and transport as well as lacking vegetation.

Of particular interest are changes in mechanical and thermal transport properties with which researchers try to determine the lifetime for safe use of the material in engineering systems within radiation environmentOf particular interest are changes in mechanical and thermal transport properties with which researchers try to determine the lifetime for safe use of the material in engineering systems within radiation environmentof the material in engineering systems within radiation environments.

That's what prompted the researchers to use a multi-scale, multi-physics approach, employing two different codes: ZEUS - MP, which has the radiation transport required to evaporate the halo, and CASTRO, which was developed at Berkeley Lab and has the adaptive mesh refinement needed to resolve the collision of the ejected metal with the halo.

And, it is hypothesized that gravitational waves are responsible for transporting energy in the form of gravitational radiation — much like electromagnetic waves carry electromagnetic radiation.

The British Antarctic Survey (BAS) has a 3 year, fixed term appointment available as part of a NERC funded project: Modelling the acceleration, transport and loss of radiation belt electrons to protect satellites from space weather (Rad - Sat).

The work will be performed in the context of a new NERC - funded consortium led by the British Antarctic Survey (Rad - Sat) whose goal is to model the acceleration, transport and loss of radiation belt electrons to protect satellites from space weather.

His MSc thesis (1987) dealt with the description and application of a system for calculating radiation doses due to long range transport of radioactive releases and his Licentiates's thesis (1998) studied the effective choice of NOx - emission control measures.

Description: This time out, Picard (Patrick Stewart) and his executive crew must transport to a Shangri - la - like planet to see why their android crewmate Data (Brent Spiner) has run amuck in a village full of peaceful Ba «ku artisans who — thanks to their planet's «metaphasic radiation» — haven't aged in 309 years.

My own specialty (radiation effects in semiconductors) combines nuclear physics, semiconductor physics, electromagnetism, spacecraft design, radiation transport and details of semiconductor fabrication — and maybe a wee bit o» psychology as well.

(mostly by faster transport of radiation, which compensates for the CO2 slowdown, since tha amount of energy is fixed by what comes in from the sun) The failure to return to equilibrium means that the Laws Of Physics ie the Stefan - Boltzmann Law (SBL) is NOT allowed to functioof radiation, which compensates for the CO2 slowdown, since tha amount of energy is fixed by what comes in from the sun) The failure to return to equilibrium means that the Laws Of Physics ie the Stefan - Boltzmann Law (SBL) is NOT allowed to functioof energy is fixed by what comes in from the sun) The failure to return to equilibrium means that the Laws Of Physics ie the Stefan - Boltzmann Law (SBL) is NOT allowed to functioOf Physics ie the Stefan - Boltzmann Law (SBL) is NOT allowed to function.

As far as I know, if the only physical mechanism under consideration is the radiative cooling of the planet's surface (which was heated by shortwave solar radiation and reradiated at longer wavelengths in the infrared) via radiative transport, additional gas of any kind can only result in a higher equilibrium temperature.

I believe that cooling by adding trace amounts of a gas to an atmosphere is physically impossible under the assumption that only radiation physics is responsible for heat transport which is what the guy was arguing.

At this point it would appear you are suggesting that radiation of the energy no longer operates as the transport or waveguide.

Just think of convection, conduction and radiation being 3 parallel heat transport processes.

Dynamical upward transport by convection removes excess heat from the surface more efficiently than longwave radiation is able to accomplish in the presence of a humid, optically thick boundary layer, and deposits it in the upper troposphere where it is more easily radiated to space, thereby affecting the planetary energy balance.

two regions (or bodies) A and B, the rate of flow of radiation emitted by A and absorbed by B is equal to the rate of flow the other way, regardless of other forms of (energy) transport that may be occurring.»

But it's self - evident that any quantitative physical model of a planetary atmosphere (earth or Jupiter or...) has implemented an radiation transport through the gas and that the chemical composition and density of this gas affects the radiation transport.

But for e.g. undergraduate lessons simple models only taking radiation transport by greenhouse gases together with the distribution of solar radiation are sufficient to demonstrate the effect of greenhouse gases on the earth troposphere and that they are essential to explain their basic thermal structure.

Thus variations in Antarctica's climate are governed by changes in heat transport versus the steady radiation of heat back to space.

The meeting will mainly cover the following themes, but can include other topics related to understanding and modelling the atmosphere: ● Surface drag and momentum transport: orographic drag, convective momentum transport ● Processes relevant for polar prediction: stable boundary layers, mixed - phase clouds ● Shallow and deep convection: stochasticity, scale - awareness, organization, grey zone issues ● Clouds and circulation feedbacks: boundary - layer clouds, CFMIP, cirrus ● Microphysics and aerosol - cloud interactions: microphysical observations, parameterization, process studies on aerosol - cloud interactions ● Radiation: circulation coupling; interaction between radiation and clouds ● Land - atmosphere interactions: Role of land processes (snow, soil moisture, soil temperature, and vegetation) in sub-seasonal to seasonal (S2S) prediction ● Physics - dynamics coupling: numerical methods, scale - separation and grey - zone, thermodynamic consistency ● Next generation model development: the challenge of exascale, dynamical core developments, regional refinement, super-parametrization ● High Impact and Extreme Weather: role of convective scale models; ensembles; relevant challenges for model development

As to the absorption of long - wave radiation from the earth's surface, while it may be true that carbon dioxide and water together do absorb certain frequency ranges of that radiation, I don't think that that matters a whole lot because most of the heat from the surface is transported to the top of the troposphere by conduction, convection and latent heat of vaporization of water during the day.

The evolution of global mean surface temperatures, zonal means and fields of sea surface temperatures, land surface temperatures, precipitation, outgoing longwave radiation, vertically integrated diabatic heating and divergence of atmospheric energy transports, and ocean heat content in the Pacific is documented using correlation and regression analysis.

An atmosphere that is perfectly transparent to incoming and outgoing radiation can not radiate and all its heat content comes from conduction from the surface and is transported through the atmosphere solely by convection with no loss of energy to space except for the tiny fraction of atoms at the top of the atmosphere that exceed escape velocity.

«Because the solar - thermal energy balance of Earth [at the top of the atmosphere (TOA)-RSB- is maintained by radiative processes only, and because all the global net advective energy transports must equal zero, it follows that the global average surface temperature must be determined in full by the radiative fluxes arising from the patterns of temperature and absorption of radiation.»

The best papers I've read (so far) that seek to explain how things like the DALR and wet air lapse rates effect the actual transport of heat from the solar - heated surface and atmosphere to where it is ultimately lost via radiation are really quite good.

If the gas permits irreversible heat transport at all by any means, including by mere thermal radiation (also irreversible) then the entropy of the system will increase as it becomes isothermal (assuming isolation and no external or internal sources of continuous work).

If they didn't, the bulk transport of heat upward would gradually warm the upper atmosphere, and as I note above, a warm, less dense, upper atmosphere is utterly stable without conductivity or radiation.

The atmosphere is analogous to a flexible lens that is shaped by the density distribution of the gas molecules, of the atmosphere in the space between the sphere holding them, and space; Incoming heat gets collected in many ways and places,, primarily by intermittent solar radiation gets stored, in vast quantities, and slowly but also a barrage of mass and energy fluxes from all directions; that are slowly transported great distances and to higher altitudes mostly by oceanic and atmospheric mass flows.

Heat picked up at the surface is thus rapidly vertically mixed and transported by all three mechanisms — conduction, convection and radiation — acting at different length scales and with considerable and non-ignorable chaotic and self - organized emergent mesoscale structure — to produce an atmosphere that, as you note, ends up somewhere between the DALR and isothermal most of the time, although inversions (warmer on top) or with a gradient even larger than the DALR happen all the time, and are unstable or transiently metastable states with some lifetime and break apart and perhaps reform somewhere else as the conditions that favor them recur.

Even though radiation from the troposphere is much slower, the heat is much more widely distributed; a lot of it is moved over what would have been much cooler ground — it isn't just low level atmospheric heat transport that matters.

Is it transport of energy into the atmosphere by transpiration, or the increased downwelling radiation from an increased amount of water in that atmosphere?

«Radiative energy transport, on the other hand, depends only on the difference of the local matter and radiation temperatures at a single point in space.

They combined simple energy balance considerations with a physical assumption for the way water vapour is transported, and separated the contributions of surface heating from solar radiation and from increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to obtain the two sensitivities.

The strength of the IR component is determined by laws of emission and absorption of radiation and depend strongly on the temperatures at various levels, but the total flux is maintained at the level required by stationarity by the convection and transport of latent energy as long as the radiation alone is not sufficient.

Lincoln wrote surprisingly little on the theory of radiation energy transport, and so perhaps we'll never know, eh pokerguy?

In 1946 British physicists Alan Brewer and Gordon Dobson [3] devised a model of very slow, convective, stratospheric ozone transport from the equator to the poles (Fig 1), explaining why more ozone is found in polar regions than near the equator where more solar radiation occurs.

In the case of dry air and without CO2, the cooling of the radiator is given by h * (T - Ta) where T and Ta are temperatures of the surface and the air layer, respectively, at the given time t. h describes the heat transport from the surface to the layer by radiation and convection.

However, the transport of heat into the air might go through four channels, which are radiation, convection of the air in the air layer, heat conduction and evaporation.

As the transport of radiation outward becomes less efficient, the temperature of the earth's surface must increase to reach a power balance with the absorbed light from the sun.

The danger in this, is that you're already assuming some kind of a response mechanism, and are working back to get a parameter to fit a potentially flawed assumption (like convective heat transport / w water, which is not radiation based).

-- And, furthermore — that if then those x units of energy are transported (by radiation) to atmospheric GHGs that eagerly consume or absorb them, those GHGs must warm.

There are three modes of energy transport from the surface upward: LWIR Radiation, conduction and convection, LWIR radiation being the weakest.

The difference is that radiation transports energy (that can facilitate work which creates motion which can create friction which does create heat or heat - energy, as it is sometime called, the strength of which can be measured by its temperature.

In other words, a bigger share of the 240 W / m 2 of the vertical energy transport will be transported by convective / advective means with a stronger GHE, and a smaller share by radiative means because the sum of convective vertical energy transport plus the diminished radiative flux must add up to about 240 W / m 2 in order to balance the incoming shortwave radiation.