Sentences with phrase «of radiative emission»

The odd types of radiative emission that are allowed simply are too weak to have any effect other than a couple of nice papers by folk like Walt Lafferty..

In this explanation what is changing is the altitude at which emission occurs, and at higher levels it is colder, so this level needs to warm up to maintain the radiative balance; what would happen once the altitude of radiative emission reaches above the tropopause?

Not exact matches

The reduced DMS emissions induce a significant positive radiative forcing of which 83 % (0.4 W / m2) can, in the model, be attributed to the impact of ocean acidification alone.

(C) potential metrics and approaches for quantifying the climatic effects of black carbon emissions, including its radiative forcing and warming effects, that may be used to compare the climate benefits of different mitigation strategies, including an assessment of the uncertainty in such metrics and approaches; and

The power of a laser depends on the gain of the material it is made of, and this gain is proportional to the radiative emission rate.

After the field campaign, Fast will perform computer simulations to help evaluate all of the field campaign data and quantify the uncertainties associated with using coarse grid global climate models to study megacity emissions and to determine the radiative impact of the Mexico City particulates on the local and regional climate.

The mechanism for reducing anthropogenic global warming, initiated through radiative forcing of greenhouse gases, is to stop emissions and reduce their concentration in the atmosphere to levels which do not stimulate carbon feedbacks.

O.G. contributed to radiative - transfer analysis of the early - time emission - line spectra.

Here we apply a «state of the art» atmospheric chemistry transport model to show that large emissions of CH4 would likely have an unexpectedly large impact on the chemical compositioof the atmosphere and on radiative forcing (RF).

We aim at analyzing observations of the polarized dust emission by disentangling the effects on the polarization signal in the context of 3D radiative transfer simulations.

3D radiative transfer of intrinsically polarized dust emission based on aligned aspherical grains

The problem is that the rate of emissions has no direct effect on temperature; it is the accumulated level in the atmosphere that creates a radiative imbalance that causes temperature to rise.

As an example of the possible extreme change in radiative forcing in a 50 - year time horizon for Isaken et al (2011)'s 4 x CH4 (i.e. quadrupling the current atmospheric methane burden) case of additional emission of 0.80 GtCH4 / yr is 2.2 Wm - 2, and as the radiative forcing for the current methane emissions of 0.54 GtCH4 / yr is 0.48 Wm - 2, this give an updated GWP for methane, assuming the occurrence of Isaksen et al's 4 x CH4 case in 2040, would be: 33 (per Shindell et al 2009, note that AR5 gives a value of 34) times (2.2 / [0.8 + 0.48]-RRB- divided by (0.54 / 0.48) = 50.

It is found that a radiative forcing from non-CO2 gases of approximately 0.6 W m -LRB--2) results in a near balance of CO2 emissions from the terrestrial biosphere and uptake of CO2 by the oceans, resulting in near - constant atmospheric CO2 concentrations for at least a century after emissions are eliminated.»

This, and the radiative emission rate allows you to calculate the radiative heat loss from a packet of atmosphere.

For example, we could describe climate change primarily in terms of the physical processes: carbon emissions, the radiative balance of the atmosphere, average temperatures, and impacts on human life and ecosystems.

So, even conservative estimates of committed warming indicate that we have to urgently reduce radiative forcing, in other words peak global GHG emissions as soon as possible and then reduce them as quickly as possible by reducing our use of fossil fuels drastically, if we want to have a chance at keeping warming under 2C.

The effective LULCC radiative forcing is enhanced by LULCC emissions of methane and nitrous oxide (figure 1 (a)-RRB-.

In the tugging on the temperature profile (by net radiant heating / cooling resulting from radiative disequilibrium at single wavelengths) by the absorption (and emission) by different bands, the larger - scale aspects of the temperature profile will tend to be shaped more by the bands with moderate amounts of absorption, while finer - scale variations will be more influenced by bands with larger optical thicknesses per unit distance (where there can be significant emission and absorption by a thinner layer).

wilt, the paper you cite describes what in their view is a «small but statistically significant effect of cosmic rays on cloud formation, which in no way invalidates the large and significant effects of human emissions on the current anthropogenic radiative forcing budget of the atmosphere.

If you assume these are reasonably good estimates of historical emissions, you can apply those percentages to the appropriate radiative forcings.

I questioned this statement in my initial correspondence on the IPCC emissions scenarios — it seems that analyses of the radiative effect of sulphate emissions are conclusive if they have been included in an IPCC SPM but are at best informative if carried out by other researchers.

Of course I realise that projections of climate change are dependent on changes in radiative forcing, but projections of radiative forcing are in turn depend on projections of emissionOf course I realise that projections of climate change are dependent on changes in radiative forcing, but projections of radiative forcing are in turn depend on projections of emissionof climate change are dependent on changes in radiative forcing, but projections of radiative forcing are in turn depend on projections of emissionof radiative forcing are in turn depend on projections of emissionof emissions.

This increase is more than double the IPCC's estimated radiative forcing from all anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases.

Put up the data which quantifies the relative contributions of O2, N2 and CO2 to radiative emissions.

RealOldOne2 states that the greenhouse effect is real — he states that the increase radiative emission from GHGs results in the surface emitting less energy than it would if it were radiating straight to space as a result of sentient molecules.

Einstein was the first to describe gases in radiative fields in 1917 introducing the key concept of spontaneous emission.

Unlike the scenarios developed by the IPCC and reported in Nakicenovic et al. (2000), which examined possible global futures and associated greenhouse - related emissions in the absence of measures designed to limit anthropogenic climate change, RCP4.5 is a stabilization scenario and assumes that climate policies, in this instance the introduction of a set of global greenhouse gas emissions prices, are invoked to achieve the goal of limiting emissions and radiative forcing.

The radiative effects of human emissions of ozone - depleting substances and greenhouse gases have driven marked atmospheric cooling at stratospheric altitudes.

Syllabus: Lecture 1: Introduction to Global Atmospheric Modelling Lecture 2: Types of Atmospheric and Climate Models Lecture 3: Energy Balance Models Lecture 4: 1D Radiative - Convective Models Lecture 5: General Circulation Models (GCMs) Lecture 6: Atmospheric Radiation Budget Lecture 7: Dynamics of the Atmosphere Lecture 8: Parametrizations of Subgrid - Scale Physical Processes Lecture 9: Chemistry of the Atmosphere Lecture 10: Basic Methods of Solving Model Equations Lecture 11: Coupled Chemistry - Climate Models (CCMs) Lecture 12: Applications of CCMs: Recent developments of atmospheric dynamics and chemistry Lecture 13: Applications of CCMs: Future Polar Ozone Lecture 14: Applications of CCMs: Impact of Transport Emissions Lecture 15: Towards an Earth System Model

For this reason, we consider here the effects on the stratosphere of not only emissions of ozone - depleting substances (ODSs), but also of emissions of greenhouse gases, natural phenomena (e.g., solar variability and volcanic eruptions), and chemical, radiative, and dynamical sratosphere / troposphere coupling

Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 is a scenario of long - term, global emissions of greenhouse gases, short - lived species, and land - use - land - cover which stabilizes radiative forcing at 4.5 W m − 2 (approximately 650 ppm CO2 - equivalent) in the year 2100 without ever exceeding that value.

Summary for Policymakers Technical Summary Chapter 1 Ozone and Climate Chapter 2 Chemical and Radiative Effects of HFCs, PFCs, and Their Possible Replacements Chapter 3 Methodologies Chapter 4 Refrigeration Chapter 5 Residential and Commercial Air Conditioning and Heating Chapter 6 Mobile Air Conditioning Chapter 7 Foams Chapter 8 Medical Aerosols Chapter 9 Fire Protection Chapter 10 Non-medical Aerosols, Solvents and HFC - 23 Chapter 11 Current and Future Supply, Demand and Emissions of HFCs and PFCs, plus Emissions of CFCs, Halons

Yet the simple radiative physics of the atmosphere are obvious to all but eccentric monomaniacs as we increase anthropogenic emissions from 4 % to 8 %, 16 %, 32 % of natural emissions as economies grow this century.

• Estimation of future emissions and biogeochemical cycling (including sources and sinks) of greenhouse gases, aerosols and aerosol precursors and projections of future concentrations and radiative properties.

It clearly states that (a) emission of energy by radiation is accompanied with cooling of the surface (if no compensating changes prevent it), and (b) the tendency to a radiative equilibrium means that the emitter with the higher surface temperature will loose energy due to a negative net radiation balance until this net radiation balance becomes zero.

Maybe you don't know much about the sum of radiative forcings, or findings from paleoclimate, that allow climatologists to calculate that human emissions of greenhouse gases are responsible for 100 + % of recent warming, but that doesn't mean nobody does.

The albedo change resulting from the snowline retreat on land is similarly large as the retreat of sea ice, so the combined impact could be well over 2 W / sq m. To put this in context, albedo changes in the Arctic alone could more than double the net radiative forcing resulting from the emissions caused by all people of the world, estimated by the IPCC to be 1.6 W / sq m in 2007 and 2.29 W / sq m in 2013.»

To provide information that could help guide policy - makers concerned with these issues, we recently studied the joint response of air quality and radiative forcing, an indicator of climate change, to emissions reductions.

«Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 is a scenario of long - term, global emissions of greenhouse gases, short - lived species, and land - use - land - cover which stabilizes radiative forcing at 4.5 Watts per meter squared (W m - 2, approximately 650 ppm CO2 - equivalent) in the year 2100 without ever exceeding that value.»

Radiative forcing (an indicator of climate change) in response to 30 % reduction in emissions from the indicated region and economic sector.

Based on the principles of radiative physics and reasonable estimates of feedbacks and climate sensitivity, I would say that any current oscillations beyond those we already know can't be strong so strong that they leave little or no room for what anthropogenic emissions are contributing to the temperature trend.

The rationale advanced for focusing on negative emissions approaches are usually the threat posed by burgeoning emissions, which could result in exceeding of critical climatic thresholds in a few decades, as well as system inertia, which could lock in temperature increases associated with radiative forcing for many centuries.

It changes because of greenhouse gases, cloud and ice cover changes, land clearing, volcanoes, dust and soot in the atmosphere — all of the physical changes that result in a change in the radiative flux leaving the planet either as IR (heat) emissions or as reflected sunlight.

Seriously — if this heat pile up and CO2 radiative trapping of heat really worked AND it is essential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions then Engineers — who are actually smart unlike climate scientists — would have easily built a «Greenhouse gas coal fired power station.

Although recent models predict that a small net accumulation of carbon will occur in Arctic tundra during the present century (low confidence), higher methane emissions responding to the thawing of permafrost and an overall increase in wetlands will enhance radiative forcing (medium confidence).

Climate projection — A projection of the response of the climate system to emission or concentration scenarios of greenhouse gases and aerosols, or radiative forcing scenarios, often based upon simulations by climate models.

Either a century of basic physics and chemistry studying the radiative properties of greenhouse gases would have to be proven wrong, or the natural cycle would have to be unbelievably complex to prevent such dramatic anthropogenic emissions from warming the planet.

Equivalent carbon dioxide (CO2) emission - The amount of carbon dioxide emission that would cause the same integrated radiative forcing, over a given time horizon, as an emitted amount of a well mixed heat - trapping gas (greenhouse gas) or a mixture of well mixed greenhouse gases.

The leap from the known radiative properties of CO2 to the atmospheric warming effect from increasing human CO2 emissions is giant.