Sentences with phrase «of reactive oxygen»

See Curry post on «Nonequilibrium thermodynamics and maximum entropy production in the Earth system» paper by Axel Kleidon (downloadable) https://judithcurry.com/2012/01/10/nonequilibrium-thermodynamics-and-maximum-entropy-production-in-the-earth-system/ «The Earth system is maintained in a unique state far from thermodynamic equilibrium, as, for instance, reflected in the high concentration of reactive oxygen in the atmosphere.

Some of the proven mechanisms of action include release of endogenous opioids; stimulation of angiogenesis; reduction of the formation of fibrosis; reduction of inflammation; blockage of the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) release; neuronal regeneration and functional recovery; enhancement of wound closure; improvement of wound epithelialization, cellular content, granulation tissue formation, and collagen deposition; and bactericidal effects.

The presence of reactive oxygen species was lower in chilled samples compared to fresh (P < 0.05).

Glycoproteins and polysaccharide molecules like glycosaminoglycans are important structural components of the body; certain cell types rely on glucose for energy; and the immune system relies on glucose for generation of reactive oxygen species to kill pathogens.

So if you had a fat - rich diet, you can see improvements in your brain and neurological problems, but you can also see problems because of the reactive oxygen species being produced in muscles.»

The extract was tested on human cells, and the generation of reactive oxygen species (free radicals) by immune system actors was significantly suppressed.

For example, KBs were recently reported to act as neuroprotective agents by raising ATP levels and reducing the production of reactive oxygen species in neurological tissues, 80 together with increased mitochondrial biogenesis, which may help to enhance the regulation of synaptic function.80 Moreover, the increased synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids stimulated by a KD may have a role in the regulation of neuronal membrane excitability: it has been demonstrated, for example, that polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate the excitability of neurons by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels.81 Another possibility is that by reducing glucose metabolism, ketogenic diets may activate anticonvulsant mechanisms, as has been reported in a rat model.82 In addition, caloric restriction per se has been suggested to exert neuroprotective effects, including improved mitochondrial function, decreased oxidative stress and apoptosis, and inhibition of proinflammatory mediators, such as the cytokines tumour necrosis factor - α and interleukins.83 Although promising data have been collected (see below), at the present time the real clinical benefits of ketogenic diets in most neurological diseases remain largely speculative and uncertain, with the significant exception of its use in the treatment of convulsion diseases.

Credit: ZEISS Microscopy Transient, specific bursts of reactive oxygen species can extend lifespan in C. elegans To many people it may sound counter-intuitive to use reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a way to increase lifespan.

Intracellular oxidative stress arises due to the imbalance in the production of reactive oxygen / reactive nitrogen species and cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms.

Similarly, a problem with antioxidant production can result in the buildup of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, otherwise termed «free radicals», in the mitochondria.

It's so important for tackling all manner of reactive oxygen species that having low levels means that other antioxidants will have to pick up the slack.

In an article reviewing the therapeutic potential of ketogenic diets, it was hypothesized that the metabolism of ketones and fatty acids changes the intracellular milieu to decrease the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)(87).

Generation of reactive oxygen species, or free radicals such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, is a normal byproduct of metabolism, but can damage cellular machinery when excessive and impair the production of cellular energy, which becomes a vicious cycle as energy - intensive repair processes become untenable (25, 26).

Iodine along with the enzyme myeloperoxidase is needed to produce respiratory bursts — the burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that white blood cells use to kill pathogens.

[1] Ketogenic diet benefits body composition and well - being but not performance in a pilot case study of New Zealand endurance athletes https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5506682 [2] Ketogenic low - carbohydrate diets have no metabolic advantage over nonketogenic low - carbohydrate diets https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/83/5/1055/4649481 [3] Energy expenditure and body composition changes after an isocaloric ketogenic diet in overweight and obese men https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/104/2/324/456464 [4] Ketones block amyloid https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26923399 [5] Ketones Inhibit Mitochondrial Production of Reactive Oxygen Species Production Following Glutamate Excitotoxicity by Increasing NADH Oxidation https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1865572/ [6] The ketogenic diet may have mood - stabilizing properties https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11918434 [7] The antidepressant properties of the ketogenic diet http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15601609

Generally, harmful effects of reactive oxygen species on the cell are most often:

Calorie restriction has also been associated with a reduction in oxidative stress, perhaps due to a change in the amount of reactive oxygen species produced in the mitochondria during normal cellular respiration [4] under calorie restricted conditions.

Oxidative stress describes the state of the body in which the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including free radicals, overwhelms the body's antioxidant defences.Our body tries to maintain a constant balance between free radicals and antioxidants.

Denham then noticed that it wasn't simply the accumulation of reactive oxygen species that affected lifespan, but the damage these reactive oxygen species were inflicting on mitochondria.

The damage may cause mutations to the DNA, possibly creating a GREATER NUMBER of Reactive Oxygen Species.

Harriet: Two of the reactive oxygen species formed in mitochondria are the superoxide radical, which is also an ion, and the hydroxy radical.

We all know how important regular exercise is for our physical, mental and emotional health, but strenuous anaerobic exercises have been reported to enhance the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS); which in turn can contribute to both the initiation and progression of muscle fibre injury as well as impaired muscle performance.4 Green Tea Extract (GTE) however has been clinically proven to prevent oxidative stress induced by high - intensity training and subsequent muscle breakdown — once again thanks to its EGCG content.5

Known as «delayed onset muscle soreness» (DOMS), we typically experience these pains when eccentric muscle activity is involved and the contracting muscles are forcibly lengthened.1 This mechanical stress triggers an inflammatory response and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Their protective abilities extend to the brain as well — brain tissue treated with acai shows that anthocyanins can limit the ability of reactive oxygen species to damage essential brain lipids and proteins.

Antioxidants fight the damaging effects of reactive oxygen in the body which promote free radicals.

Energy metabolism and the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (very small molecules that can result in significant damage to cell structures, of which include oxygen ions, free radicals and peroxides) are thought to underpin many nuerodegenerative disorders, and creatine is thought to enhance the brains ability to survive the metabolic and physical trauma associated with these conditions.

Both antioxidant compounds work reducing the proliferation of reactive oxygen species in cells, preventing mutations and dead due to oxidative stress.

Pretreatment of cells with Cy -3-G reduced the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species, the activation of JNK, and attenuated H (2) O (2)- or TNF - alpha - induced insulin resistance in a dose - dependent manner.

Researchers believe that the antioxidant properties of tocotrienol inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Abnormal Krebs cycle and / or oxidative phosphorylation cause (s) not only glucose hypometabolism but also the increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative damage, and programmed cell death such as apoptosis.

It prevents hyperglycemic toxicity to neurons, pancreatic cells, the arterial walls and the generation of excessive levels of reactive oxygen species.

The immune defense against these infections is glucose - dependent (as it relies on production of reactive oxygen species using glucose) and thyroid hormone - dependent (as thyroid hormone drives not only glucose availability, but also the availability of iodine for the myeloperoxidase pathway).

(15) In a second study, an active ingredient present in the Salvia miltiorrhiza root was found to have inflammation - modulating effects on TNF - alpha - induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), demonstrating a potential role in supporting endothelial and vascular health.

Besides promoting immunogenicity of the thyroglobulin molecule, dietary iodine can enhance levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which lead to expression of cell adhesion molecules (ICAM - 1) that are crucial to the early phases of thyroid follicular inflammatory responses (3).

One eight - month IER trial in obesity - prone rats reported an increase in theproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), with no clear mechanistic explanations.26 Another trial, this time over six months, showed that IER - fed rats displayed marked reductions in diastolic compliance and cardiac reserve due to observed reductions in cardiomyocyte size and increased myocardial fibrosis.23 No human trials to date have reported any adverse effects on cardiovascular health during long - term IER.

These powerhouse organelles are major sites of oxidative stress due to the high production of reactive oxygen species ROS (reactive oxygen species) and RNS (reactive nitrogen species).

Also well established is the fact that the glutathione antioxidant system is the most important system in our bodies (Meister, 1994) when it comes to the destruction of reactive oxygen compounds (very potent free radicals).

«Mitochondrial Production of Reactive Oxygen Species and Incidence of Age - Associated Lymphoma in OF1 Mice: Effect of Alternate - Day Fasting,» Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, 126 (11), 1185 - 1191.

Inflammation is also reduced during this process through the reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by up to 73 percent.

The release of reactive oxygen species is also common in inflammaging, and these substances cause oxidative damage to cells and tissues, releasing debris that further elicits inflammation.

Specifically, the research demonstrates that grape seed not only damages cancer cells» DNA (by means of an increase of reactive oxygen species), but also prevents the pathways which allow repair (as seen by reduced amounts of the DNA repair molecules Rad51 and Brca1 as well as DNA repair foci).

However, up to 2 % of electrons which are transferred through the respiratory chain lead to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the form of superoxide anion (O 2 −), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (OH.)

But, «a little bit of reactive oxygen in otherwise normal cells is very health - beneficial,» he adds.

Many chemotherapy drugs and radiation treatments actually kill cancer cells in part by raising levels of reactive oxygen.

The free radical theory hypothesizes that gradual accumulation of mutations in mitochondrial DNA caused by formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a major contributor.

Furthermore, the manganoporphyrin was stably contained within the microcapsule without release, and researchers showed that both manganoporphyrin and tannic acid were required for the synergistic scavenging of reactive oxygen species.

This primary response involves the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are molecules that can act like tiny bombs when released by the plant cell at the offending pathogen.

Specifically, researchers observed a reduction of reactive oxygen species; increase in collagen, which strengthens the fibrous cap; and reduction of the plaque necrotic core, and these changes were not observed in comparison with the free peptide or empty nanoparticles.

* p < 0.05, (B) Induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by HPP compounds in HepG2 cells.

Exposure of tumor cells to clinically relevant low doses of ionizing radiation causes DNA damage and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).