«You don't want to encourage litigants to lie in the weeds with issues
of reasonable apprehension of bias and then raise them after they lose.»
The defendant unsuccessfully sought to disqualify Justice Robert Beaudoin on the grounds
of reasonable apprehension of bias because there was a scholarship in honour of Justice Beaudoin's deceased son at the University of Ottawa where his son had attended which was funded by the Beaudoin family and the Government of Ontario.
I have never met the trial judge (the Hon. Charbonneau) or any of the other judges involved against whom accusations
of reasonable apprehension of bias were leveled.
After opening statement, the respondent brought a motion asking that I recuse myself on the basis
of a reasonable apprehension of bias.
The defendant also unsuccessfully challenged other judges who heard motions in the case on the grounds
of reasonable apprehension of bias.
Indeed an allegation
of reasonable apprehension of bias calls into question not simply the personal integrity of the judge, but the integrity of the entire administration of justice.
The Court of Appeal dealt with it on the basis
of reasonable apprehension of bias principles.
A finding
of reasonable apprehension of bias in these circumstances may make it more difficult for future arbitrator - practitioners in specialized areas.
Not exact matches
The issue in Jacob Securities Inc. v Typhoon Capital B.V., was whether an arbitrator's failure to disclose a potential conflict
of interest involving his former law firm gave rise to justifiable doubts as to his independence or impartiality and a
reasonable apprehension of bias.
It ruled Stroud had showed a «
reasonable apprehension of bias» in favour
of one
of the parties.
In her 21 - page decision yesterday removing Stroud, Justice Cindy Bourgeois noted: «The comments would certainly contribute to a
reasonable person concluding there was a
reasonable apprehension of bias, and that the provincial court judge's mind was not «perfectly open'to the positions
of both parties.»
A
reasonable apprehension of bias, especially if litigation has a religious / anti-religious component, is usually sufficient.
Ripley filed an application for Stroud's removal before the Supreme Court and argued at the hearing last month in Sydney that viewed collectively Stroud's comments amounted to a
reasonable apprehension of bias.
However, the court found that the professional relationship between the arbitrator and the expert on a number
of similar franchise disputes did give rise to a
reasonable apprehension of bias.
The
reasonable apprehension of bias could not be validated by the later decision
of the tribunal.
The Court
of Appeal found that at least a
reasonable apprehension of bias existed.
The «
reasonable apprehension of bias» test for judicial disqualification has been a fixture
of Canadian law for many years, at a minimum since its formulation in... [more]
If it isn't, how many «
reasonable apprehension of bias» recusal requests will follow?
Groia is seeking to have Wardle recused from that panel because as Canadian Lawyer reports, ««There is a
reasonable apprehension of bias arising from the fact that partners and associates at Mr. Wardle's firm, Wardle Daley Bernstein LLP, regularly represent the Ontario Securities Commission as prosecutors and are closely involved in proceedings at the OSC and that Wardle LLP also regularly represents the Law Society
of Upper Canada as prosecutors in discipline proceedings,» wrote Groia's counsel, Earl Cherniak, in a June 5 notice
of motion.....
Taken individually, the various adverse findings and criticisms would not be able to withstand appellate review, but they would not necessarily lead to a
reasonable apprehension of bias.
There are two types
of bias that can invalidate a decision: material interest and
reasonable apprehension of bias.
Instead
of the presumption that some other judge will conduct the trial we now have the presumption that the judge may conduct the trial unless the defence is able to establish: (1) that there was a free and frank discussion
of all aspects
of the case including the possibility
of a plea
of guilty, or (2) that there are some other facts which give rise to a
reasonable apprehension of bias.
Situations where
reasonable apprehension of bias may be found include...
28 On the totality
of the record, including the position
of the defence at the earlier court appearances as now evident from the additional transcripts, there is no
reasonable apprehension of bias or prejudice to the appellant as a result
of Andre J. presiding at the pre-trial and the sentencing hearing.
No
apprehension of bias arising from complainant and counsel statements to the media: The College submitted a
reasonable apprehension arose from comments by the complainants and their legal counsel to the news media about government efforts to thwart the hearing
of the complaint.
The Canadian Judicial Council panel's ruling released Aug. 20, states that questioning by the committee's counsel, George Macintosh,
of witnesses Michael Sinclair, former managing partner
of Douglas» former law firm, and
of her husband Jack King, «created a
reasonable apprehension of bias on part
of members
of the committee.»
The RDS case also emphasized at para 114 that whether
reasonable apprehension of bias arises depends entirely on the facts
of the case.
Reasonable apprehension of bias has been rejected where the political activity was historic and has since ceased, or where political donations were made prior to appointment.
Commission scolaire francophone du Yukon no. 23 v. Yukon (Procureure générale), 2014 YKCA 4 There is a publication ban in this case, in the context
of a recusal motion based on alleged
reasonable apprehension of bias.
Where
reasonable apprehension of bias has been found, it is often in conjunction with other statements and contextual factors at hand.
(a) make sufficient inquiries to determine if he or she may have a current or potential conflict
of interest or if any circumstances exist that may give rise to a
reasonable apprehension of bias; and
Reasonable apprehension of bias?
Self - represented applicants at the Human Rights Tribunal
of Ontario have raised the issue
of bias directly or indirectly through expressed concerns about lawyers on the Tribunal's practice advisory committee appearing for respondents: see Guilmoutdinov v. Ontario College
of Teachers (2009 HRTO 2130), for example, where the adjudicator noted that advisory committees were frequently used by tribunals to promote responsiveness to the communities they serve and concluded that membership on the committee did not create a
reasonable apprehension of bias.
The informed person, in deciding whether there is a
reasonable apprehension of bias, would also understand the nature
of the process
of mediation / arbitration.
While the Court
of Appeal clearly rejected the Appellant's submission that the Motion Judge's comments raised a
reasonable apprehension of bias in this case (describing the argument as «baseless» at para. 7), the Court
of Appeal did not wholeheartedly endorse the approach taken by the Motions Judge either:
The Supreme Court
of Canada held a
reasonable apprehension of bias existed and rendered the decision void.
(at para 107) Justice Graesser found «no
bias or
reasonable apprehension of bias on the part
of the trial judge» (at para 100), and dismissed the appeal.
First, the applicant argued that the actions
of the Dean, in the initial process leading to the applicant's suspension, gave rise to «a
reasonable apprehension of bias.»
Further, if the discipline committee (and the entire Board) have been exposed to a «mediation agreement» relating to the respondent, such that the members
of the Discipline Committee might be precluded from hearing the matter, due to a
reasonable apprehension of bias, a judicial review will still be premature if any possibility remains an unbiased discipline panel being convened.
The first trial decision was appealed on the grounds that the trial judge showed a
reasonable apprehension of bias against the plaintiffs, and as a result, a second trial was ordered.
The other members
of the court (Simmons J.A. and Cronk J.A.) in separate concurring reasons, did not frame the proposition as broadly and cautioned that the jurisdiction to effect error correction will be precluded where it is tantamount to a reconsideration
of the verdict or sentence or where issues
of unfairness or injustice to the accused or
reasonable apprehension of bias arise: (per Cronk J.A. at para. 60).
It also held that the past association did not constitute a
reasonable apprehension of bias.
Garwill Law provides expert legal advice on customs and excise, tariff and excise tax, international trade law, constitutional and Charter law, immigration determinations, and administrative law (such as procedural fairness,
reasonable apprehension of bias, or due process in courts and tribunals).
The court was also concerned that the trial judge's treatment
of counsel «with a lack
of respect on many occasions during the trial» contributed to the conclusion that there was a
reasonable apprehension of bias.
(Given the importance
of the court's decision as the foundation
of our current test for
reasonable apprehension of bias, it is surprising and unfortunate that it is not available on CanLII or the FCA website.)
I would have loved to have been in the classroom with him when
reasonable apprehension of bias was discussed.
Appeal Board decision: The Investigative Committee appealed the panel's decision to the Appeal Board
of APEGA, which quashed the panel's decision and remitted the matter to a differently - constituted discipline panel for a new hearing; the panel erred in finding that the Investigative Committee had to approve specific charges, and in finding that the referral by the Investigative Committee was tainted by a
reasonable apprehension of bias.
The mere fact that an adjudicator determines a request for reconsideration
of his or her own decision does not, in and
of itself, create a
reasonable apprehension of bias in the context
of this legislative scheme.
They argued, based on Rehaag's statistical analysis, that the rate at which Member McBean granted refugee claims raised a
reasonable apprehension of bias: a fair - minded observer would not conclude that the decision - maker had decided the case fairly.
The well known test for «
reasonable apprehension of bias» is whether an informed person, viewing the matter realistically and practically — and having thought the matter through — would conclude that it is more likely than not that the decision - maker, whether consciously or unconsciously, would not decide the matter fairly.