Ultrasonography determines the size
of regional lymph nodes and the echogenecity (the characteristic ability of an organ or tissues to reflect ultrasound waves and produce echoes) of other abdominal organs especially liver and spleen.
The degree of involvement
of regional lymph nodes is predictive of overall survival and is also a key factor in determining the appropriateness of adjuvant therapy and the patient's eligibility for investigational trials.
Not exact matches
For each
of these cancer sites, the researchers calculated important
regional and county differences in advanced stage
of diagnosis, which takes into account the growth and size
of the tumor and whether it has spread to the
lymph nodes or other organs.
The prognosis for patients with metastatic melanoma remains poor, with 5 - year survival rates
of 63 percent in patients who have metastatic disease in
regional lymph nodes, and only 17 percent in patients who have metastatic disease in distant sites.
Researchers wanted to determine if ipilimumab could improve the survival
of advanced - stage melanoma patients if it was given after the surgical removal
of both their primary melanoma tumors and their
regional lymph nodes.
They discovered that patients who had microscopic metastatic disease in their
regional lymph nodes and a tumor that had a breakdown
of the overlaying skin responded best to ipilimumab treatment.
In the case
of high risk features such as
regional lymph node involvement, then adjuvant interferon alpha may be considered [53].
The authors found that somatic mutations
of TP53 (often referred to as the master molecule) in the stroma correlate with
regional lymph node metastases (spread
of cancer to the
lymph glands).
Spread
of mammary carcinomas in both dogs and cats is primarily to
regional lymph nodes and lungs.
Occasionally, metastasis can occur at distant sites (lungs, liver) without evidence
of spread to the
regional lymph nodes (termed «skip metastasis).
The most common sites
of spread are
regional lymph nodes and the lungs.
As a result
of the metastasis to
regional lymph nodes, it is recommended that sublumbar be irradiated.
Anal gland tumors are almost always malignant and may already have spread to
regional lymph nodes and then to various internal organs by the time
of the initial diagnosis.
Lymphoma is categorized into five stages, depending on the extent
of the disease in the body: single
lymph node enlargement (stage I),
regional lymph node enlargement (stage II), generalized
lymph node enlargement (stage III), liver and / or spleen involvement (stage IV), and bone marrow and blood involvement (stage V).
At the time
of surgery, it is recommended to remove the
regional lymph node and submit separately for histopathology assessment to rule out
lymph node metastasis.