Sentences with phrase «of risk for child maltreatment»

In a study of the California Family Risk Assessment, Johnson (1999) found no racial bias in the assessment of risk for child maltreatment.

Not exact matches

All families complete a Parent Survey or similar assessment in order to determine the presence of various factors associated with increased risk for child maltreatment or other adverse childhood experiences, as well as identify family strengths and protective factors.

Studies of home visiting's effectiveness as an intervention designed to prevent child maltreatment demonstrate some promise, but compared to the number of studies conducted that measure child maltreatment, risk for maltreatment, or protective factors, there are far more findings of no effects than reductions in maltreatment and improvements in child and family well - being.

The initiative is targeted at improving child and family outcomes, including decreasing rates of child maltreatment and improving parenting practices that may decrease risk for maltreatment.

Meta - analyses of this expanded research base confirm the model's impacts on a range of risk and protective factors associated with child maltreatment.7, 8,9 In addition, all of the major home visitation models in the U.S. are currently engaged in a variety of research activities, many of which are resulting in better defined models and more rigorous attention to the key issue of participant enrolment and retention, staff training and quality assurance standards.10 For example, recent findings emerging from the initial two - year follow - up of the Early Head Start National Demonstration Project confirm the efficacy of home visitation programs with new parents.

Most home visiting programs are voluntary, and states and communities encourage participation by families with risk for maltreatment (for example, families where parents have low levels of education, live in poverty, single - parent households, and parents who themselves were involved in the child welfare system).

Goals target empirically - supported risk mechanisms for fathers» maltreatment of their children and / or children's mothers.

Brown, J., Cohen, P., Johnson, J. G. & Salzinger, S. (1998) A longitudinal analysis of risk factors for child maltreatment: findings of a 17 - year prospective study of officially recorded and self - reported child abuse and neglect, Child Abuse and Neglect, 22 (11), pp. 1065 -child maltreatment: findings of a 17 - year prospective study of officially recorded and self - reported child abuse and neglect, Child Abuse and Neglect, 22 (11), pp. 1065 -child abuse and neglect, Child Abuse and Neglect, 22 (11), pp. 1065 -Child Abuse and Neglect, 22 (11), pp. 1065 - 1078

A recent study of the NHVP found that in the 21 % of the sample that reported frequent incidents of domestic violence, the programme did not reduce child maltreatment.1 The programme has therefore been modified so that the visiting nurses address domestic violence using proven techniques for reducing risk such as safety planning and conflict resolution skills.

After controlling for these established risk factors (Table 2, panel 1, multivariate analysis), children who were maltreated (definite maltreatment: RR, 1.69; 95 % CI, 1.13 - 2.55) and children who were socially isolated (very high social isolation: 1.76; 1.12 - 2.77) were both at greater risk of becoming depressed in adulthood.

Being able to measure positive child health outcomes becomes especially important when assessing the benefits of participation for families considered to be high - risk for the experience of trauma or patterns of maltreatment.

Family - based risk factors for non-suicidal self - injury: Considering influences of maltreatment, adverse family - life experiences, and parent — child relational risk.

The second 3 columns depict the main effects of maltreatment, controlling for ecological and child risk factors.

This longitudinal - prospective study suggests that children experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage, maltreatment, or social isolation are more likely to present risk factors for age - related disease in adulthood, such as depression, inflammation, and the clustering of metabolic risk factors.

The effect of the nurses and paraprofessionals on responsive mother - child interaction indicates that the program was operating as intended in helping parents provide more sensitive and responsive care for their children, which is thought to promote secure attachment and healthy emotional and behavioral development.49 The reductions in subsequent pregnancies and increases in interpregnancy intervals are particularly important as short interpregnancy intervals increase the risk of child maltreatment (including infant homicide among teen parents) 50 and compromise families» economic self - sufficiency.51

Although on - the - point research is lacking about the child maltreatment risk for parents of children with aggressive behavior who themselves come from families with delinquent behavior, a strong association seems plausible.

Several have included families involved with child maltreatment or at high risk of maltreatment, but hardly any have included families who were the subject of child abuse and neglect reports.41 The Incredible Years (IY) is considered to be one of the most effective interventions for reducing child conduct problems.42 Jamila Reid, Carolyn Webster - Stratton, and Nazli Baydar examined IY, randomly assigning children to the IY program or to a control group that received usual Head Start services.43 Children with significant conduct problems and children of mothers whose parenting was highly critical — arguably those dyads most at risk for child maltreatment — benefited most children to the IY program or to a control group that received usual Head Start services.43 Children with significant conduct problems and children of mothers whose parenting was highly critical — arguably those dyads most at risk for child maltreatment — benefited most Children with significant conduct problems and children of mothers whose parenting was highly critical — arguably those dyads most at risk for child maltreatment — benefited most children of mothers whose parenting was highly critical — arguably those dyads most at risk for child maltreatment — benefited most from IY.

Indeed, Jay Belsky incorporated all of these risk factors into his process model of parenting, 11 and data from multiple studies support links to child well - being.12 In an experiment on the effectiveness of a program for low - birth - weight infants, Lawrence Berger and Jeanne Brooks - Gunn examined the relative effect of both socioeconomic status and parenting on child abuse and neglect (as measured by ratings of health providers who saw children in the treatment and control groups six times over the first three years of life, not by review of administrative data) and found that both factors contributed significantly and uniquely to the likelihood that a family was perceived to engage in some form of child maltreatment.13 The link between parenting behaviors and child maltreatment suggests that interventions that promote positive parenting behaviors would also contribute to lower rates of child maltreatment among families served.

Objective: Maltreatment, family violence, and disruption in primary caregiver attachment in childhood may constitute a developmental form of trauma that places children at risk for multiple psychiatric and medical diagnoses that often are refractory to well - established evidence - based mental health treatments.

Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Child Maltreatment: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement Moyer (2013) Annals of Internal Medicine, 159 (4) Analyzes a systematic review of interventions to prevent child maltreatment for children at risk, focusing on new studies and evidence gaps that were unresolved at the time of the 2004 recommendation by the U.S. Preventive Services Task FChild Maltreatment: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement Moyer (2013) Annals of Internal Medicine, 159 (4) Analyzes a systematic review of interventions to prevent child maltreatment for children at risk, focusing on new studies and evidence gaps that were unresolved at the time of the 2004 recommendation by the U.S. Preventive ServicesMaltreatment: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement Moyer (2013) Annals of Internal Medicine, 159 (4) Analyzes a systematic review of interventions to prevent child maltreatment for children at risk, focusing on new studies and evidence gaps that were unresolved at the time of the 2004 recommendation by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Fchild maltreatment for children at risk, focusing on new studies and evidence gaps that were unresolved at the time of the 2004 recommendation by the U.S. Preventive Servicesmaltreatment for children at risk, focusing on new studies and evidence gaps that were unresolved at the time of the 2004 recommendation by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.

Few prevention programs have been rigorously evaluated, and only a few have proven effective.60, 61 Health - care based prevention programs, including parent education programs to reduce rates of abusive head trauma, and improving physician ambulatory care practices to help families decrease risk factors for child maltreatment have shown good initial results, but require further evaluation.62, 63 Specific intensive home visitation programs such as nurse home visiting programs for first - time mothers have proven to be both clinically and cost effective in preventing maltreatment.64, 65 However, a program of nurse home visitation has been found ineffective as a treatment model for abusive and neglectful families, highlighting the importance of primary prevention, as well as the need to rigorously evaluate potential treatments for abusive families.66 Child welfare services are historically structured as short - term interventions that monitor families for recidivism, provide parenting education and assist with referrals to community - based servchild maltreatment have shown good initial results, but require further evaluation.62, 63 Specific intensive home visitation programs such as nurse home visiting programs for first - time mothers have proven to be both clinically and cost effective in preventing maltreatment.64, 65 However, a program of nurse home visitation has been found ineffective as a treatment model for abusive and neglectful families, highlighting the importance of primary prevention, as well as the need to rigorously evaluate potential treatments for abusive families.66 Child welfare services are historically structured as short - term interventions that monitor families for recidivism, provide parenting education and assist with referrals to community - based servChild welfare services are historically structured as short - term interventions that monitor families for recidivism, provide parenting education and assist with referrals to community - based services.

Eligible clients include families with a history of child maltreatment or families at risk for child maltreatment.

Most home visiting programs are voluntary, and states and communities encourage participation by families with risk for maltreatment (for example, families where parents have low levels of education, live in poverty, single - parent households, and parents who themselves were involved in the child welfare system).

Improving Social Work Practice Through the Use of Technology and Advanced Research Methods Schwartz, Jones, Schwartz, & Obradovic (2008) In Child Welfare Research: Advances for Practice and Policy View Abstract Reviews the use of technology in social welfare, discusses promising technological developments, explores the potential of actuarial risk assessment, and describes an innovative computational process for predicting the recurrence of child maltreatChild Welfare Research: Advances for Practice and Policy View Abstract Reviews the use of technology in social welfare, discusses promising technological developments, explores the potential of actuarial risk assessment, and describes an innovative computational process for predicting the recurrence of child maltreatchild maltreatment.

Family Risk as a Predictor of Initial Engagement and Follow - Through in a Universal Nurse Home Visiting Program to Prevent Child Maltreatment Alonso - Marsden, Dodge, O'Donnell, Murphy, Sato, Christopoulos (2013) Child Abuse and Neglect, 37 (8) View Abstract Examines family demographic and infant health risk factors that predict engagement and follow - through in a universal home - based maltreatment prevention program for new mothers in Durham County, North CarolRisk as a Predictor of Initial Engagement and Follow - Through in a Universal Nurse Home Visiting Program to Prevent Child Maltreatment Alonso - Marsden, Dodge, O'Donnell, Murphy, Sato, Christopoulos (2013) Child Abuse and Neglect, 37 (8) View Abstract Examines family demographic and infant health risk factors that predict engagement and follow - through in a universal home - based maltreatment prevention program for new mothers in Durham County, NorMaltreatment Alonso - Marsden, Dodge, O'Donnell, Murphy, Sato, Christopoulos (2013) Child Abuse and Neglect, 37 (8) View Abstract Examines family demographic and infant health risk factors that predict engagement and follow - through in a universal home - based maltreatment prevention program for new mothers in Durham County, North Carolrisk factors that predict engagement and follow - through in a universal home - based maltreatment prevention program for new mothers in Durham County, Normaltreatment prevention program for new mothers in Durham County, North Carolina.

The Pediatrician's Role in Child Maltreatment Prevention Flaherty & Stirling Pediatrics, 126 (4), 2010 Describes some of the risk factors for child maltreatment and addresses how pediatricians can help prevent maltreatment by identifying family strengths, recognizing risk factors, providing helpful guidance, and referring families to programs and other resouChild Maltreatment Prevention Flaherty & Stirling Pediatrics, 126 (4), 2010 Describes some of the risk factors for child maltreatment and addresses how pediatricians can help prevent maltreatment by identifying family strengths, recognizing risk factors, providing helpful guidance, and referring families to programs and otheMaltreatment Prevention Flaherty & Stirling Pediatrics, 126 (4), 2010 Describes some of the risk factors for child maltreatment and addresses how pediatricians can help prevent maltreatment by identifying family strengths, recognizing risk factors, providing helpful guidance, and referring families to programs and other resouchild maltreatment and addresses how pediatricians can help prevent maltreatment by identifying family strengths, recognizing risk factors, providing helpful guidance, and referring families to programs and othemaltreatment and addresses how pediatricians can help prevent maltreatment by identifying family strengths, recognizing risk factors, providing helpful guidance, and referring families to programs and othemaltreatment by identifying family strengths, recognizing risk factors, providing helpful guidance, and referring families to programs and other resources.

The program of prenatal and infancy home visiting by nurses, tested with a primarily white sample, produced a 48 percent treatment - control difference in the overall rates of substantiated rates of child abuse and neglect (irrespective of risk) and an 80 percent difference for families in which the mothers were low - income and unmarried at registration.21 Corresponding rates of child maltreatment were too low to serve as a viable outcome in a subsequent trial of the program in a large sample of urban African - Americans, 20 but program effects on children's health - care encounters for serious injuries and ingestions at child age 2 and reductions in childhood mortality from preventable causes at child age 9 were consistent with the prevention of abuse and neglect.20, 22

Risk factors for child maltreatment victimization and potential consequences of child victimization are explored, and case studies are presented throughout the book to reflect the real - life dynamics of family violence situations.

Providers reported that they were surprised by the breadth and depth of need for prevention services that could reduce the risk of child maltreatment, including:

EFFECT aims to improve children's wellbeing by helping fathers become more involved, responsible, and committed to their children through parent education skills, guidance, and support systems.17 Additionally, EFFECT aims to increase protective factors — family functioning and resilience, social support, knowledge of parenting and child development, concrete support, and nurturing and attachment — to reduce the risk of child maltreatment and to promote positive family wellbeing.18 In addition to investing in fatherhood programs through EFFECT, Texas is committed to considering a broader system of supports for fathers.

Findings indicated that child maltreatment increases risk for the most serious form of IPV involving physical injury, and increased attention should be paid to IPV (victimization and perpetration) in individuals with histories of neglect.

It includes a series of public seminars that provide general tips on everyday parenting issues; one - off discussion groups addressing the most common parenting problems; brief and short - term primary care consultations for specific problems; group or online courses for a comprehensive understanding of Triple P strategies; a one - on - one personal support program for tackling serious behavior problems; and two high intensity programs that deal with complex family and / or mental health issues, including the risk of child maltreatment.

Professor Prinz argues that the parenting - focused aspects of child maltreatment prevention can extend beyond the original goal, including the prevention of childhood social, emotional, and behavioural problems; the reduction of risk for adverse adolescent outcomes (such as substance use, delinquency and academic failure); and parental engagement for school readiness.

Multiple randomised controlled trials undertaken Maintenance of improvements Generalisation of outcomes for children with disabilities; children at risk of maltreatment; families of an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander background.

Pathways Triple P An adjunctive intervention strategy for parents at risk of child maltreatment used in combination with other Triple P interventions.

Pathways Triple P A 4 - 5 session intervention strategy for parents at risk of child maltreatment, used in combination with either Triple P interventions.

Research suggests that children in households with domestic violence may be at an increased risk for child maltreatment.13 - 16 Although some child maltreatment may be caused directly by the male perpetrators of domestic violence, other incidents may result from the effects of domestic violence on the mothers» caregiving capacities (eg, through injury, mental distress, and restricted mobility).

Home - Based Intervention for High - Risk Rural Families: A Randomized Clinical Trial Lwin (2012) McGill University, School of Social Work, Centre for Research on Children and Families, Canadian Child Welfare Research Portal View Abstract Illustrates the effectiveness of using a home - based child maltreatment prevention program for families in rural communities struggling with substance use, intimate partner violence, and depression, factors that increase the risk of child abuse and neglRisk Rural Families: A Randomized Clinical Trial Lwin (2012) McGill University, School of Social Work, Centre for Research on Children and Families, Canadian Child Welfare Research Portal View Abstract Illustrates the effectiveness of using a home - based child maltreatment prevention program for families in rural communities struggling with substance use, intimate partner violence, and depression, factors that increase the risk of child abuse and negChild Welfare Research Portal View Abstract Illustrates the effectiveness of using a home - based child maltreatment prevention program for families in rural communities struggling with substance use, intimate partner violence, and depression, factors that increase the risk of child abuse and negchild maltreatment prevention program for families in rural communities struggling with substance use, intimate partner violence, and depression, factors that increase the risk of child abuse and neglrisk of child abuse and negchild abuse and neglect.

Realizing the Promise of Home Visitation: Addressing Domestic Violence and Child Maltreatment: A Guide for Policy Makers Family Violence Prevention Fund (2010) Presents recommendations for building a strong national policy framework to maximize the effectiveness and reach of early childhood home visiting programs and to ensure that Federal home visiting policies directly address the needs of mothers and children who are experiencing or at risk of experiencing domestic violence.

For instance, families may be experiencing issues such as substance abuse, mental illness, or domestic violence, which may increase the risk of child maltreatment.

Effectiveness of Home Visiting in Improving Child Health and Reducing Child Maltreatment Avellar & Supplee (2013) Pediatrics, 132 (2) Reviews the home - visiting research literature and provides an assessment of the evidence of effectiveness for program models that serve families with at - risk pregnant women and children from birth to age 5.

Child Well - Being Spotlight: Children Placed Outside the Home and Children Who Remain In - Home After a Maltreatment Investigation Have Similar and Extensive Service Needs (PDF - 211 KB) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation (2012) Summarizes recent research from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well - Being (NSCAW) that indicates children reported for maltreatment have a high risk of experiencing developmental problems, cognitive problems, behavioral / emotional problems, or substance use disorders, regardless of whether they were placed in out - of - home care or remained in - home with or without receiving sChildren Placed Outside the Home and Children Who Remain In - Home After a Maltreatment Investigation Have Similar and Extensive Service Needs (PDF - 211 KB) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation (2012) Summarizes recent research from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well - Being (NSCAW) that indicates children reported for maltreatment have a high risk of experiencing developmental problems, cognitive problems, behavioral / emotional problems, or substance use disorders, regardless of whether they were placed in out - of - home care or remained in - home with or without receiving sChildren Who Remain In - Home After a Maltreatment Investigation Have Similar and Extensive Service Needs (PDF - 211 KB) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation (2012) Summarizes recent research from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well - Being (NSCAW) that indicates children reported for maltreatment have a high risk of experiencing developmental problems, cognitive problems, behavioral / emotional problems, or substance use disorders, regardless of whether they were placed in out - of - home care or remained in - home with or without receiviMaltreatment Investigation Have Similar and Extensive Service Needs (PDF - 211 KB) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation (2012) Summarizes recent research from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well - Being (NSCAW) that indicates children reported for maltreatment have a high risk of experiencing developmental problems, cognitive problems, behavioral / emotional problems, or substance use disorders, regardless of whether they were placed in out - of - home care or remained in - home with or without receiving schildren reported for maltreatment have a high risk of experiencing developmental problems, cognitive problems, behavioral / emotional problems, or substance use disorders, regardless of whether they were placed in out - of - home care or remained in - home with or without receivimaltreatment have a high risk of experiencing developmental problems, cognitive problems, behavioral / emotional problems, or substance use disorders, regardless of whether they were placed in out - of - home care or remained in - home with or without receiving services.

Children reared in a high - quality caregiving ecology are set on a positive developmental path that has the potential to produce long - term positive outcomes.68 Already vulnerable from the experiences of maltreatment and other environmental risk factors (for example, poverty and its associated stressors), the development of foster children is further compromised if they experience more trauma and instability while Children reared in a high - quality caregiving ecology are set on a positive developmental path that has the potential to produce long - term positive outcomes.68 Already vulnerable from the experiences of maltreatment and other environmental risk factors (for example, poverty and its associated stressors), the development of foster children is further compromised if they experience more trauma and instability while children is further compromised if they experience more trauma and instability while in care.

Exploring the Link Between Maternal History of Childhood Victimization and Child Risk of Maltreatment Thompson Journal of Trauma Practice, 5 (2), 2006 View Abstract Attempts to determine the relationship of parental history of abuse with a child's risk for maltreatChild Risk of Maltreatment Thompson Journal of Trauma Practice, 5 (2), 2006 View Abstract Attempts to determine the relationship of parental history of abuse with a child's risk for maltreatmRisk of Maltreatment Thompson Journal of Trauma Practice, 5 (2), 2006 View Abstract Attempts to determine the relationship of parental history of abuse with a child's risk for mMaltreatment Thompson Journal of Trauma Practice, 5 (2), 2006 View Abstract Attempts to determine the relationship of parental history of abuse with a child's risk for maltreatchild's risk for maltreatmrisk for maltreatmentmaltreatment.

Prevention of Child Maltreatment in High - Risk Rural Families: A Randomized Clinical Trial With Child Welfare Outcomes Silovsky, Bard, Chaffin, Hecht, Burris, Owora, et al. (2011) Children and Youth Services Review, 33 (8) View Abstract Shares results from a randomized clinical trial of SafeCare ® training augmented for rural high - risk population, and compares them to standard home - based mental health services to examine reductions in future child maltreatment reports, as well as risk factors and factors similar to child maltreatChild Maltreatment in High - Risk Rural Families: A Randomized Clinical Trial With Child Welfare Outcomes Silovsky, Bard, Chaffin, Hecht, Burris, Owora, et al. (2011) Children and Youth Services Review, 33 (8) View Abstract Shares results from a randomized clinical trial of SafeCare ® training augmented for rural high - risk population, and compares them to standard home - based mental health services to examine reductions in future child maltreatment reports, as well as risk factors and factors similar to child mMaltreatment in High - Risk Rural Families: A Randomized Clinical Trial With Child Welfare Outcomes Silovsky, Bard, Chaffin, Hecht, Burris, Owora, et al. (2011) Children and Youth Services Review, 33 (8) View Abstract Shares results from a randomized clinical trial of SafeCare ® training augmented for rural high - risk population, and compares them to standard home - based mental health services to examine reductions in future child maltreatment reports, as well as risk factors and factors similar to child maltreatmRisk Rural Families: A Randomized Clinical Trial With Child Welfare Outcomes Silovsky, Bard, Chaffin, Hecht, Burris, Owora, et al. (2011) Children and Youth Services Review, 33 (8) View Abstract Shares results from a randomized clinical trial of SafeCare ® training augmented for rural high - risk population, and compares them to standard home - based mental health services to examine reductions in future child maltreatment reports, as well as risk factors and factors similar to child maltreatChild Welfare Outcomes Silovsky, Bard, Chaffin, Hecht, Burris, Owora, et al. (2011) Children and Youth Services Review, 33 (8) View Abstract Shares results from a randomized clinical trial of SafeCare ® training augmented for rural high - risk population, and compares them to standard home - based mental health services to examine reductions in future child maltreatment reports, as well as risk factors and factors similar to child maltreatmrisk population, and compares them to standard home - based mental health services to examine reductions in future child maltreatment reports, as well as risk factors and factors similar to child maltreatchild maltreatment reports, as well as risk factors and factors similar to child mmaltreatment reports, as well as risk factors and factors similar to child maltreatmrisk factors and factors similar to child maltreatchild maltreatmentmaltreatment.

In 2003, the Children's Bureau released a request for proposals (RFP) to build home - and community - based systems of care to improve outcomes for children, youth, and families at risk of child maltreatment, children and youth who have been identified as victims of maltreatment but have not been removed from their home, or children and youth in State custody (fosteChildren's Bureau released a request for proposals (RFP) to build home - and community - based systems of care to improve outcomes for children, youth, and families at risk of child maltreatment, children and youth who have been identified as victims of maltreatment but have not been removed from their home, or children and youth in State custody (fostechildren, youth, and families at risk of child maltreatment, children and youth who have been identified as victims of maltreatment but have not been removed from their home, or children and youth in State custody (fostechildren and youth who have been identified as victims of maltreatment but have not been removed from their home, or children and youth in State custody (fostechildren and youth in State custody (foster care).

For example, a child who experiences maltreatment may develop primary emotional responses such as anxiety or fear.5 Ever vigilant for signs of threat, the child may display aggressive or submissive behaviours as a means of self - protection, and such behaviours may place the child at risk for future status as a bully or victFor example, a child who experiences maltreatment may develop primary emotional responses such as anxiety or fear.5 Ever vigilant for signs of threat, the child may display aggressive or submissive behaviours as a means of self - protection, and such behaviours may place the child at risk for future status as a bully or victfor signs of threat, the child may display aggressive or submissive behaviours as a means of self - protection, and such behaviours may place the child at risk for future status as a bully or victfor future status as a bully or victim.

Because child maltreatment is also a risk factor for poor mental and physical health outcomes throughout the life course, the results of this study provide valuable epidemiological information.

A Comprehensive Framework for Nurturing the Well - Being of Children and Adolescents (PDF - 676 KB) In Integrating Safety, Permanency and Well - Being Biglan (2014) Presents a framework to ensure successful youth development and well - being for children who have been maltreated, or are at risk of being maltreated, indicating that comprehensive family support from prenatal / birth through adolescence is necessary to aid children in recovering after abuse has occurred and to prevent future maltrChildren and Adolescents (PDF - 676 KB) In Integrating Safety, Permanency and Well - Being Biglan (2014) Presents a framework to ensure successful youth development and well - being for children who have been maltreated, or are at risk of being maltreated, indicating that comprehensive family support from prenatal / birth through adolescence is necessary to aid children in recovering after abuse has occurred and to prevent future maltrchildren who have been maltreated, or are at risk of being maltreated, indicating that comprehensive family support from prenatal / birth through adolescence is necessary to aid children in recovering after abuse has occurred and to prevent future maltrchildren in recovering after abuse has occurred and to prevent future maltreatment.

Indeed, the most recent estimate of the cumulative risk for self - reported maltreatment in a national sample shows that more than 40 % of children ever experience maltreatment, indicating that the cumulative prevalence of self - reported maltreatment is roughly 3 times the cumulative prevalence of confirmed maltreatment.20 Although this limitation applies to all CPS data, it still bears mentioning.40