Effects
of Risperidone and Parent Training on Adaptive Functioning in Children With Pervasive Developmental Disorders and Serious Behavioral Problems Lawrence Scahill, M.S.N., Ph.D., Christopher J. McDougle, M.D., et.
An open - label trial using low doses (mean 1.2 ± 0.5 mg)
of risperidone in children and adolescents with SMD showed significant reductions in irritability scores.17
The positive finding in favour
of risperidone is likely to improve confidence in its long term use.
Firstly, the study was done over a longer time period (median duration
of risperidone treatment was 1 y) than is usually the case in trials of atypical antipsychotics.
Wang said, «Now that we've solved the structure
of risperidone bound to DRD2, we are getting an idea how these side effects could be avoided.»
Varying strengths
of risperidone tablets, manufactured by TEVA Pharmaceuticals USA, have been approved, although the labeling of the generic risperidone might differ from that of Risperdal because some uses of the drug are protected by patents and exclusivity, the agency said.
Now, L. Eugene Arnold and Michael Aman, professors emeritus at the Nisonger Center at Ohio State's Wexner Medical Center, and their colleagues have published a study, available online in the Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology (JCAP), showing the addition
of risperidone to parent training and a stimulant also improves teachers» assessments of anxiety and social avoidance.
After controlling for other possible contributing mental and physical conditions and their associated behaviors, researchers found no significant increased risk for either congenital malformations or cardiac malformations among women who took either typical or atypical APMs in the first 90 days of pregnancy, with the possible exception
of risperidone which continued to show a slightly increased risk.
Researchers found that the use of APMs in pregnancy does not meaningfully increase the risk of congenital malformations or cardiac malformations, with the possible exception
of risperidone.
Kirby and his colleagues focused on the effects
of risperidone, an antipsychotic drug that causes significant weight gain in patients.
Not exact matches
Researchers Bryan Roth, M.D., Ph.D.,
of the University
of North Carolina (UNC) Chapel Hill, Brian Shoichet, Ph.D.,
of the University
of California San Francisco, and colleagues, report on their discovery
of the crystal structure
of the antipsychotic
risperidone docked in the D2 dopamine receptor in the journal Nature.
An earlier study performed in 2002 by Patrick McGorry, from the University
of Melbourne in Australia, found that an antipsychotic called
risperidone plus psychotherapy was more effective at preventing psychosis than supportive care alone.
Such atypical antipsychotic medications as Clozaril (clozapine), Risperdal (
risperidone) and Zyprexa (olanzapine), most
of which were introduced in the 1990s, appear to ameliorate schizophrenia symptoms by affecting the function
of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin, which relay chemical messages between neurons.
Compared to the «basic group,» the «augmented group» who received the stimulant drug and parent training plus
risperidone showed significant improvement (on average with moderately better behavior) on the Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form (NCBRF) Disruptive - Total Scale, the NCBRF Social Competence subscale and the Reactive Aggression part
of the Antisocial Behavior Scale.
Abel notes that
risperidone, one
of very few drugs that is approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat ASD symptoms, targets D2 dopamine receptors.
So, we added a placebo for the «Basic group» and added
risperidone for the «Augmented group,» if there was room for improvement at the end
of the third week,» said Aman, also coordinating principal investigator
of the multi-site study.
For the «Treatment
of Severe Childhood Aggression (TOSCA) Study,» 168 children (ages 6 - 12) who had been diagnosed with ADHD and disruptive behavior disorder (DBD) and displayed severe physical aggression were randomly assigned to two groups: parent training plus stimulant plus placebo (Basic treatment) or parent training plus stimulant plus the antipsychotic drug
risperidone (Augmented treatment).
Now, scientists at the UNC School
of Medicine and UC San Francisco (UCSF) have solved the first high - resolution crystal structure
of the dopamine 2 receptor (DRD2) bound to the antipsychotic drug
risperidone, yielding a long - awaited tool for drug developers, psychiatrists, and neuroscientists.
Researchers linked the appetite - increasing effects
of three such drugs — the so - called atypical antipsychotics clozapine (Clozaril), olanzapine (Zyprexa), and
risperidone (Risperdal)-- to their capacity to neutralize the protein histamine, just as the antihistamine drugs that are used to treat allergies do.
To transcend the technical challenges, Roth and UNC colleagues, including postdoctoral fellows Sheng Wang, PhD, and Daniel Wacker, PhD, conducted a series
of painstaking studies over several years — outlined in the Nature paper — to coax DRD2 to crystalize while bound tightly to
risperidone.
Risperidone is also one
of the very few «atypical» antipsychotic drugs approved for use in children.
Solving the high - resolution crystal structure
of DRD2 bound to the commonly prescribed antipsychotic drug
risperidone is the first step towards the creation
of safer and more effective medications for schizophrenia and related disorders.»
The generic
risperidone products will have the same safety warnings as Risperdal, including a boxed warning, cautioning that older patients with dementia - related psychosis treated with atypical anti-psychotic drugs are at increased risk
of death, as compared with those taking placebo.
Haloperidol was associated with higher risk
of mortality (aHR 1.52; 95 % CI 1.14 — 2.02) and quetiapine with lower risk (aHR 0.84; 95 % CI 0.75 — 0.94) compared with
risperidone.
Her parents placed Katie — who has since been diagnosed with a number
of developmental, neurological, and emotional conditions — in a residential treatment facility, where she is now receiving care to be successfully removed from
risperidone.
An article for the website the Daily Puppy publicizes
risperidone, an antipsychotic used in humans for the treatment
of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, as an option for «improving your dog's behavior.»
A study published in the Journal
of Clinical Psychopharmacology in 2006 reported that
risperidone, which is Risperdal's generic form, can strongly up the prolactin levels in adolescents, with gynecomastia as a possible side effect.
The main purpose
of this study was to improve mood and behavior disorders in RTT patients with venlafaxine (SNRI), and compare the results with citalopram (SSRIs) during 6 - 8 weeks, to determine which drug offered greater efficacy and fewer side effects, as well as to compare them to
risperidone, and to correlate cortisol levels in saliva with stress and drug response.
Risperidone reduced the risk
of relapse in outpatient schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder
Severely Aggressive Children Receiving Stimulant Medication Versus Stimulant and
Risperidone: 12 - Month Follow - Up
of the TOSCA Trial.
Our data support recent findings that higher doses
of olanzapine (> 10 mg / d) are associated with greater metabolic abnormalities.12 While data for
risperidone were inconclusive, 12 our data suggest a dose - response relationship at doses higher than 1.5 mg / d.
Nine patients were taking atypical neuroleptic drugs (clozapine or
risperidone) during the duration
of treatment (two in the cognitive behaviour therapy group, four in the supportive counselling group, and three in the routine care group).
Effects
of Depth
of Needle Insertion with
Risperidone Long - Acting Injectable in Persons with Schizophrenia: A Randomized Double - Blind Study
Aripiprazole, quetiapine and
risperidone are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment
of mania in children and adolescents, and olanzapine in approved only for adolescents.
No medications are FDA - approved for the treatment
of ODD in the U.S. Nonetheless, clinical experience has shown that the majority
of children and adolescents with ODD do show signs
of improvement with a low dose
of atypical neuroleptics — arippirazole (Abilify) and
risperidone (Risperidal), for example.