North Carolina has used some form
of school accountability measure since 2001, and the formula has always relied heavily on student performance on End of Grade tests.
Education secretary Arne Duncan has indicated that the administration will not support a bill that doesn't strengthen federal oversight
of school accountability measures.
Despite these disparate viewpoints about how schools should be evaluated, Jerald said educators generally agree about the necessity
of school accountability measures.
He also warned of the limitations
of school accountability measures, and said social mobility «can't be measured by a set of Progress 8 scores and GCSEs».
Not exact matches
The Chicago Teachers Union has never gotten over its resentment for Duncan, who served as Chicago superintendent
of schools from 2001 to 2009 and implemented many
of the same
accountability measures that Bush and Obama embraced.
«Do you support
measures that increase
accountability, transparency and that increase the input
of school district parents in the decision to permit and maintain charter
schools, as well as
measures to reduce the negative fiscal impact on
school districts with large numbers
of charters?»
Cuomo's campaign spokesperson, Abbey Fashouer, counters that he «has made education equity a central focus
of his tenure, investing a record $ 27 billion with a focus on our neediest
schools, while demanding
accountability measures so that the door to opportunity is open for every child — regardless
of income, zip code or ethnicity.
In the remaining nine months
of 2014, pro-charter groups focused more on strengthening
accountability measures for teachers and pushing the state and city to take immediate action to fix failing
schools.
And while the Assembly Dems and Gov. Cuomo seek a three - year extension
of the law governing mayoral control
of city
schools, Flanagan said that «reforms» to the
measure are needed «to guarantee transparency and
accountability, and to require that New York City provides enough local funding to underperforming
schools.»
Critics
of NCLB's testing and
accountability requirements have a litany
of complaints: The tests are inaccurate,
schools and teachers should not be responsible for the test performance
of unprepared or unmotivated students, the
measure of school inadequacy used under NCLB is misleading, the tests narrow the curriculum to what is being tested, and burdens imposed upon teachers and administrators are excessively onerous.
The provisional
school results will include performance
measures such as the percentage
of pupils achieving five or more GCSEs or equivalents at A * to C, the percentage
of pupils achieving the English Baccalaureate (EBacc), and the Attainment 8 scores, showing average achievement across eight subjects, including English and maths, for those
schools that have opted into the new
accountability system a year early.
Because some states are experimenting with value - added approaches to
measuring school progress, it's important that federal
accountability standards allow for this type
of innovation.
But lately,
accountability has been under fire from many critics, including Common Core opponents and those calling for more multifaceted
measures of teacher and
school performance.
The
measures used in the NEPC report — whether
schools make AYP, state
accountability system ratings, the percentage
of students that score proficient on state tests, and high -
school graduation rates — are at best rough proxies for the quality
of education provided by any
school.
These lessons focus primarily on the transparency
of the systems, but this is just one
of several principles that states should attend to (which I have offered previously):
Accountability systems should actually
measure school effectiveness, not just test scores.
On top
of the 60 per cent pass rate for GCSEs, Morgan explained the new «Progress 8»
accountability measure for secondary
school's, which is designed to show a child's progress from primary to secondary education.
Under the NCLB - era
accountability regimes in many states, practically every
school serving lots
of low - income students was eventually designated as failing («needs improvement») because the dominant
measures of school performance at the time — especially proficiency and graduation rates — are strongly correlated with prior achievement and student demographics.
From 2009 - 2012,
schools retested students who initially failed the exams, and then only the higher
of the original and retest scores was used in the
accountability measure.
Partly in response to federal
accountability measures ~ curriculum in many
schools particularly those serving predominantly disadvantaged students has narrowed to focus on reading and math at the expense
of the arts ~ physical education ~ civics and other subjects.
Accountability systems should
measure and reflect this broader vision
of learning by using a framework
of indicators for
school success centered on academic outcomes, opportunity to learn, and engagement and support.
The Sunshine State had instituted
school voucher programs, increased the number
of charter
schools, and devised a sophisticated
accountability system that evaluates
schools on the basis
of their progress as
measured by the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT).
In his new book, Professor Dan Koretz looks at how test - based
accountability has become an end in itself in American education, unmoored from clear thinking on what should be
measured in
school, harming students and corrupting the ideals
of teaching.
Thus, it can only be viewed as a great good thing that two dozen deans
of education
schools have come together under the banner
of «Deans for Impact» and committed themselves to a common set
of principles, including data - driven improvement, common outcome
measures, empirical validation
of teacher preparation methods, and
accountability for student learning.
Perhaps there are some «wrong» answers (such as relying exclusively on proficiency rates in reading and math to judge
school quality, or
measuring school spending and other inputs and calling it
accountability) but mostly there are a whole bunch
of right and partially - right answers, depending on policymakers» goals and states» idiosyncrasies.
The 2003 - 04
school year saw the first widespread implementation
of the new federal education law's chief
accountability measures.
One
of only 16 states to reward high - performing or improving
schools, South Carolina also fares well on
measures of school accountability.
Another study, by Eric Hanushek and Margaret Raymond, both also at Stanford, evaluated the impact
of school -
accountability policies on state - level NAEP math and reading achievement
measured by the difference between the performance
of a state's 8th graders and that
of 4th graders in the same state four years earlier.
In contrast, Polikoff's public comment on draft ESSA
accountability rules drew heavily on a large empirical literature as it argued against a federal mandate for states to use proficiency rates as
measures of school performance.
Thomas J. Kane and Douglas O. Staiger «The Promise and Pitfalls
of Using Imprecise
School Accountability Measures» Journal
of Economic Perspectives (Fall, 2002), Vol.
The new version
of the law, he said, will need to ensure effective teachers and principals for underperforming
schools, expand learning time, and devise an
accountability system that
measures individual student progress and uses data to inform instruction and teacher evaluation.
Schools should be permitted to use multiple, locally created assessments instead
of «one shot» tests to
measure student progress for
accountability purposes, according to a report released last week by a panel of experts convened by the Forum on Educational Accountability, a group that includes some of the most vocal critics of the 5 - year - old No Child Le
accountability purposes, according to a report released last week by a panel
of experts convened by the Forum on Educational
Accountability, a group that includes some of the most vocal critics of the 5 - year - old No Child Le
Accountability, a group that includes some
of the most vocal critics
of the 5 - year - old No Child Left Behind Act.
Rather than providing students skills that have real currency in today's labor market and preparing them for gainful employment,
accountability provisions in the federal No Child Left Behind Act and Race to the Top funding program have focused on increasing short - term gains that
measure success or failure
of schools.
Of the elementary and middle schools the survey respondents rated, 14 percent received a grade of «A,» 41 percent received a «B» grade, while 36 percent received a «C.» Seven percent were given a «D» and 2 percent an «F.» These subjective ratings were compared with data on actual school quality as measured by the percentage of students in each school who achieved «proficiency» in math and reading on states» accountability exams during the 2007 - 08 school yea
Of the elementary and middle
schools the survey respondents rated, 14 percent received a grade
of «A,» 41 percent received a «B» grade, while 36 percent received a «C.» Seven percent were given a «D» and 2 percent an «F.» These subjective ratings were compared with data on actual school quality as measured by the percentage of students in each school who achieved «proficiency» in math and reading on states» accountability exams during the 2007 - 08 school yea
of «A,» 41 percent received a «B» grade, while 36 percent received a «C.» Seven percent were given a «D» and 2 percent an «F.» These subjective ratings were compared with data on actual
school quality as
measured by the percentage
of students in each school who achieved «proficiency» in math and reading on states» accountability exams during the 2007 - 08 school yea
of students in each
school who achieved «proficiency» in math and reading on states»
accountability exams during the 2007 - 08
school year.
The good news is that, in large part because
of NCLB and the
accountability measures that federal law has encouraged at all levels
of school reform — not to mention the dogged efforts
of Diane Ravitch and Sol Stern to keep Bloomberg and Klein on their toes — these arguments are smarter and more refined — and, yes, despite public relations — more transparent.
It's true that test scores are correlated with some
measures of later life success, but for test - based
accountability to work we would need to see that changes in test scores caused by
schools are associated with changes in later life success for students.
For example, including a
school safety
measure that looks at the percent
of expulsions at a
school might force educators into creating a dangerous
school environment because expelling or suspending students would affect the
school's
accountability designation.
Thomas J. Kane and Douglas O. Staiger «The Promise and Pitfalls
of Using Imprecise
School Accountability Measures» Journal
of Economic Perspectives (Fall, 2002b), Vol.
Expand the use
of «
accountability indexes» to include
measures beyond test scores and to give
schools credit for students well above and below the proficient level.
However, far from a «Wild West» approach to charter oversight, his organization instead advocated for, and got, important
accountability measures included in the law: mandatory closure for persistently low - performing charter
schools, A — F grading
of schools (both charter and public), and an end to so - called «authorizer shopping,» in which failing
schools move to a new authorizer after their existing one withdraws its support.
If you follow the increasing use
of Value - Added
Measures (VAMs) and Student Growth Percentiles (SGPs) in state -, district -,
school -, and teacher -
accountability systems, read this very good new Mathematica working paper.
Too many states try to include too many
measures into their
accountability system, and then none
of the individual
measures are really important or really guide
schools on what their learning outcomes need to be.
Indeed, a 705
of 1,300 respondents to a survey conducted by the Design and Technology Association, said that government
accountability measures were resulting in decreasing numbers
of pupils opting to study the subject at GCSE and, in some
schools, it has been cut entirely.
Longtime Chicago mayor Richard M. Daley had won control over the
school system in 1995 and generally received accolades for rising scores on state tests; hard - charging superintendents, including Paul Vallas and Arne Duncan; tough
accountability measures such as reduced social promotion; and a slew
of new
schools and shiny buildings.
The debate over
school integration now requires discussion
of school accountability, parental choice, and
measures designed to enhance the quality
of the teacher workforce.
As a result, trying to assess if a
school is «good» or «bad» relies on a complex web
of preferences and objective
measures that, quite frankly, can not be taken into account in a centralized
accountability system.
But Dunbar says that when you get down to
measuring the ability
of students at Dallas's Woodrow Wilson High
School, for example, where you're comparing this year's ninth graders to last year's,
accountability test scores are not very useful.
The exclusion
of creative subjects from the EBacc remit; subject silos; out - dated subject orthodoxies; teacher shortages and financial and academic pressures on
schools weighed down by
accountability measures are creating a perfect storm in which students will be those affected in the short term and society in the long term.
Responding to the need to look beyond test scores to
measure school quality, an increasing number
of school districts are striving to incorporate socio - emotional learning
measures in their
accountability policies.
Almost all now have standards for what students should know in core subjects, tests to
measure student learning, and at least the beginnings
of an
accountability system to hold
schools responsible for results.»
That means an
accountability system must have a single set
of performance
measures that can be similarly applied to all
schools.