Sentences with phrase «of sea ice formation»

This is the current Arctic balance of sea ice formation.

The ASL, and its effect of sea ice formation and drift, appears to be a major part of the recent string of record winter maximums.

However, the exact timing and extent of sea ice formation and continental glaciation in the Arctic during the Pliocene remains uncertain (Zachos et al., 2008).

Extremely cold (katabatic) winds blowing off the Antarctic Ice Sheet, push water and sea ice offshore, contributing to high rates of sea ice formation.

But the same process of sea ice formation and brine production along coastal shelves plays a critical role wherever it occurs.

The global climate models do a good job of simulating the process of sea ice formation over large areas in the open ocean.

Not exact matches

They play an important role in the formation of new sea ice and deep water.

What they found, Hansen says, is that melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica could inject enough fresh water into the seas to slow the formation of two key water masses: the North Atlantic Deepwater and the Antarctic Bottom Water formations.

A cloud front can be seen in the lower left, and dark areas indicate regions of open water between sea ice formations.

An unprecedented analysis of North Pacific ocean circulation over the past 1.2 million years has found that sea ice formation in coastal regions is a key driver of deep ocean circulation, influencing climate on regional and global scales.

The formation of coastal sea ice, seen here in the Arctic Ocean, plays an important role in driving «overturning circulation» in the North Pacific Ocean.

«Formation of coastal sea ice in North Pacific drives ocean circulation, climate: New understanding of changes in North Pacific ocean circulation over the past 1.2 million years could lead to better global climate models.»

Coastal sea ice formation takes place on relatively small scales, however, and is not captured well in global climate models, according to scientists at the University of California, Santa Cruz, who conducted the study.

«A sort of grand problem in Earth science is to understand the water cycle — evaporation from the ocean, clouds, rain, the formation of ice, the runoff from the land back into the sea,» said Eric Lindstrom, Aquarius program scientist at NASA.

The extreme warmth is likely to slow or prevent the formation of Arctic sea ice, which has been shrinking for decades due to climate change.

The hunt for extreme oil proceeds apace in the ultradeep waters off the coasts of Ghana and Nigeria, in the sulfur - laden depths of the Black Sea, under the polar ice caps, and in the gummy tar sands of Venezuela's Orinoco Basin and Canada's McMurray Formation.

«There is also evidence that large freshwater inputs could alter ocean currents and affect the normal formation of sea ice.»

Climate change models predict that the Arctic sea ice will continue to shrink in a warming world (as much as 40 % of the ice is expected to be gone by midcentury), and the resulting changes — including later formation of ice in the autumn, rain falling on the snow, and decreasing snow depths — will make it increasingly difficult for the seals to construct their snow caves, NOAA says.

They are called polynyas, formations that derive their name from the Russian word for «hole in the ice,» and are typically an expanse of open seawater along the coast that is enclosed by floating sea ice and the continental shelf.

«There must have been significant melt - back of sea ice each summer even at the height of the last ice age to have sea ice formation on the shelves each year.

The upper part of the modern Arctic Ocean is flushed by North Atlantic currents while the Arctic's deep basins are flushed by salty currents formed during sea ice formation at the surface.

Quick recovery is consistent with the Southern Ocean - centric picture of the global overturning circulation (Fig. 4; Talley, 2013), as the Southern Ocean meridional overturning circulation (SMOC), driven by AABW formation, responds to change in the vertical stability of the ocean column near Antarctica (Sect. 3.7) and the ocean mixed layer and sea ice have limited thermal inertia.

This mitigates the albedo feedback, as does the lowering in sea level that accompanies the formation of ice sheets.

All this cold water being released into the ocean has a significant impact on the formation of sea ice, resulting in higher rates of sea ice concentration around Antarctica.

The pattern of wind change is complex, but variations in winds can help to explain some of the regional patterns in sea - ice formation [8].

As sea levels rose during the last Ice Age, the cave flooded and its roof collapsed into this sinkhole resulting in a marine wonder known for its sparkling blue waters, wealth of coral formations, sharks and fish, and deep caves filled with stalactites.

As they advanced and ice built up, global sea level dropped and exposed the limestones on the caye to rainwater, which resulted in the formation of ther many caves and sinkholes (cenotes) on the caye and throughout Belize.

Nature is the oldest theme in art: whether it be cave paintings of buffalo herds, the Laocoön Group fighting the snake, the hortus conclusus in medieval representations of Virgin Mary or Giorgione's looming Tempest, Flemish Still Life paintings, Manet's idyllic Luncheon on the Grass, Caspar David Friedrich's Sea of Ice, Van Gogh's psychedelic Sunflowers, Max Ernst's surreal forests, the spiritual mountain sceneries of der Blaue Reiter, or Arte Povera's energy objects and Land Art's earth formations — the list is endless.

Through hyper - saturated canvases, Simonson magnifies the vibrantly colored crystalline ice formations, dizzying vistas, and unexpected creatures that she encountered while scuba diving daily beneath the world's largest expanse of sea ice off the Antarctic coast.

However, I am not optimistic — the specifics of the small scale physics (aerosol indirect effects on clouds, sea ice formation, soil hydrology etc.) are so heterogeneous that I don't see how you can do without calculating the details.

These models consist of connected sub-modules that deal with radiative transfer, the circulation of the atmosphere and oceans, the physics of moist convection and cloud formation, sea ice, soil moisture and the like.

Arctic winter formation has been largely hit by advection from cyclones easily punching through what was once a mighty fortress of cold air living in a physical symbiosis with much thicker sea ice.

The paper, combining evidence of driftwood accumulation and beach formation in northern Greenland with evidence of past sea - ice extent in parts of Canada, concludes that Arctic sea ice appears to have retreated far more in some spans since the end of the last ice age than it has in recent years.

Boundary layers came with the formation of sea ice.

The retreat of the Arctic sea ice in recent decades is moving the egdge of the sea ice away from the areas of deep water formation and I would have thought that this would contribute to a weakening of amoc south of Greenland.

The blue curve shows an early decrease already in the 19th century, which Thornalley and colleagues attribute to an earlier warming at the end of the so - called «Little Ice Age», when the inflow of meltwater could have slowed the formation of deep water in the Labrador Sea.

Extremely pessimistic overview of current arctic sea ice formation and disintegration processes and the current sea ice state.

Spall, M. A., R. S. Pickart, E. T. Brugler, G. W. K. Moore, L. Thomas, and K. R. Arrigo, 2014: Role of shelfbreak upwelling in the formation of a massive under - ice bloom in the Chukchi Sea.

The late formation of ice from the Beaufort, Chukchi, East Siberian, and Bering Seas should be visible in the NOAA animations.

Experts with the National Snow and Ice Data Center say formation of sea ice around the Arctic Ocean probably petered out about two weeks aIce Data Center say formation of sea ice around the Arctic Ocean probably petered out about two weeks aice around the Arctic Ocean probably petered out about two weeks ago.

The resulting formation of Antarctic sea ice expelled colder, salty waters that filled the abyss and began cooling the deep oceans.

The cooler Arctic then promoted formation of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW in the upper frame of Figure 13) as salty Atlantic waters transported poleward cooled and brine rejection increased as more Arctic sea ice formed.

The study, published in the journal Nature Geosciences, suggests that the change of phase of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) from positive to negative, or vice versa, could initiate chain reaction of climate impact that may affect the sea ice formation in the Antarctic region.

-LRB-- NAO) This sea ice then melts in the Sub Polar Atlantic, releasing fresh water into the sub - polar Atlantic waters, which in turn impedes the formation of NADW, which slows down the thermohaline circulation causing warm air not to be brought up from the lower latitudes as far north as previous while in lessening amounts.

For some unexplained reason there have been a large number of coronal holes on the surface of the sun, in low latitude positions during solar magnetic cycle 24, however due to the reduction in the solar wind density the solar wind bursts have less effect on cloud modulation which explains why there has suddenly be an increase sea ice in the Antarctic, a recovery of sea ice in the Arctic, and an inhibiting of the formation of El Niño events.

The formation of ice on the continents, alsoe, lowers sea levelr, which exposes more land, which cools the Earth, forming more ice, and so on, and so on.

The warm Arctic winter limited the formation of sea ice so much that this year's maximum extent, measured in March, was the smallest maximum ever recorded.

The extent of Bering Sea ice cover this year has so far exceeded that of the previous two years, he added, because the extraordinary and record - setting low sea - ice formation of the past two winters mainly were due to a couple of short - term factors: a strong El Nino and an unusually persistent warm - water mass in the north Pacific commonly called «The Blob.&raqSea ice cover this year has so far exceeded that of the previous two years, he added, because the extraordinary and record - setting low sea - ice formation of the past two winters mainly were due to a couple of short - term factors: a strong El Nino and an unusually persistent warm - water mass in the north Pacific commonly called «The Blob.&raqsea - ice formation of the past two winters mainly were due to a couple of short - term factors: a strong El Nino and an unusually persistent warm - water mass in the north Pacific commonly called «The Blob.»

Understanding such processes, though, is «critically important to understanding the climate of the earth» because of the way sea ice formation works as the initial driver of the global ocean «conveyor belts», Dr Lieser said.

The group found that the icy winds blowing off Antarctica, as well as a powerful ocean current that circles the frozen continent, are much larger factors in the formation and persistence of Antarctic sea ice than changes in temperature.