Sentences with phrase «of sea surface»

Thus, the static stability of the near - surface water increases and the convective mixing of cold surface water with the relatively warm subsurface water is reduced, thereby contributing to the reduction of sea surface temperature in the Circumpolar Ocean.

I think you have helped to increase understanding of the sea surface heat movements.

This paper investigates the variability of sea surface salinity (SSS) in the western equatorial Pacific fresh pool.

that the warming of land surface air temperatures is primarily a response to the warming of sea surface temperatures.

A new analysis of sea surface temperature and salinity over several decades seeks to settle the debate on which of two mechanisms underlies the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation.

Observations of sea surface salinity in the western Pacific fresh pool: Large - scale changes in 1992 1995 Christian H nin

Unlike Oschlies» study, the authors found that the warming of sea surface waters was largely to blame for the growth of these deserts.

The amount of warming is also suspect due to to the uncertainties and the change in wartime measurements of sea surface temperatures.

Regional patterns of sea surface temperature change: a source of uncertainty in future projections of precipitation and atmospheric circulation.

On June 1, the beginning of Atlantic Hurricane Season, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration released a map of sea surface temperatures in the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, and the tropical North Atlantic Ocean.

La Niña events are operationally defined using the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI), which is the three - month running - mean values of sea surface temperature departures from average in the Niño 3.4 region of the central Pacific (bounded by 5N - 5S, 120 - 170W).

Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century.

Climate Charts of Sea Surface Temperatures of the Western North Pacific and the Global Ocean.

We present a novel method of uncovering mechanisms for global temperature change by prescribing, in addition to radiative forcing, the observed history of sea surface temperature over the central to eastern tropical Pacific in a climate model.

All temperature reconstructions suffer from one VERY arbitrary assumption in relation to the measurement method of sea surface temperatures SST (buckets of various types, engine):

Warming of sea surface temperatures and alteration of ocean chemistry associated with anthropogenic increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide will have profound consequences for a broad range of species, but the potential for seasonal variation to modify species and ecosystem responses to these stressors has received little attention.

A similar example is seen in the generation of sea surface temperature CDRs.

Not only that, but there is increasingly compelling evidence that the recent short - term slowdown in the surface temperature record was much less pronounced than previously estimated, if rapid Arctic warming is fully reflected, along with potential biases from the changing mix of sea surface temperature measurement sources in recent years.

Over in the Atlantic, there's the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) of sea surface temperature.

On every single cell of the sea surface, the model phytoplankton were programmed to grow until phosphate concentrations were zero.

Melting sea ice reduces reflective ice and increases exposure of the sea surface, which absorbs more heat thus exacerbating the warming affect.

b) The recent increase of CO2 contentent in atmosphere has been controlled by natural warming of sea surface, especially on the areas where sea surface CO2 sinks are.

The reason is fairly obvious if you look at this map of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) with above average temperatues in red and below average in blue.

However, ocean temperatures have warmed almost everywhere on the planet, with 0.5 ºC being the global mean rise of sea surface temperature, hence Trenberth's reasonable estimate that this much is the contribution from global forcings like CO2.

In this way, we can assign blame for the atmospheric pattern to that of the sea surface temperatures, and the current La Nina.

Hank mentioned that there are archives of the sea surface tempertures provided by the US Navy.

More heating of the sea surface due to the higher concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere led to anomalously high temperatures in the Gulf of Mexico.

Dr. Trenberth clearly stated that his calculations imply ~ 1 ″ of the rain that fell on New Orleans during Katrina could be attributed to the change of sea surface temperature associated with global warming since 1970.

After examining publicly available data, the researchers determined that, «there was a very persistent mound, a bump or bulge, in the elevation of the sea surface in the vicinity of the Mississippi Delta.»

(Click NOAA satellite image for larger view of sea surface temperature anomalies as of Aug. 7, 2006.

One swarm covered 38,600 square miles (100,000 square kilometers) of the sea surface, containing perhaps trillions of thumb - sized salps.

However, our understanding of how the ocean impacts the global mean surface temperature is strongly limited by available observations, which historically have consisted primarily of sea surface temperature (SST) measurements.

These datasets include: NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) of Sea Surface Temperature - WHOI, Version 1.0 U.S. Monthly Extremes Global Historical Climatology Network — Monthly (GHCN - M) Version 3 African Easterly Wave Climatology Version 1 NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) of Daily Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR), Version 1.2 NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) of Monthly Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR), Version 2.2 - 1 Global Surface Summary of the Day — GSOD Monthly Summaries of the Global Historical Climatology Network — Daily (GHCN - D) I nternational Surface Temperature Initiative (ISTI) Global Land Surface Temperature Databank — Stage 1 Monthly International Surface Temperature Initiative (ISTI) Global Land Surface Temperature Databank — Stage 2 Monthly International Surface Temperature Initiative (ISTI) Global Land Surface Temperature Databank — Stage 3 Monthly International Surface Temperature Initiative (ISTI) Global Land Surface Temperature Databank — Stage 1 Daily... Continued

Natural Variability Doesn't Account for Observed Temperature Increase In it's press release announcement, NASA points out that while there are other factors than greenhouse gases contributing to the amount of warming observed — changes in the sun's irradiance, oscillations of sea surface temperatures in the tropics, changes in aerosol levels in the atmosphere — these factors are not sufficient to account for the temperature increases observed since 1880.

If it takes over 100 - 200 years, as some estimate, to turn over the ocean the warming of the sea surface will continue to warm the deep ocean for decades even if the sea surface temp falls as long as the surface temp remains above the moving average temp for whatever the ocean turnover rate is.

The sequence shows a superposition of sea surface temperature anomalies on anomalies of the sea surface elevation.

The studies used a substantial number of Sea surface temperature records as one of its data set series.

CO2 whose back radiation can penetrate only a few mm of the sea surface?

The warming in the ACORN - SAT dataset is very similar to that shown in international analyses of Australian temperature data and very closely matches satellite data and warming of sea surface temperatures around Australia.

However, for changes over time, only anomalies, as departures from a climatology, are used, most commonly based on the area - weighted global average of the sea surface temperature anomaly and land surface air temperature anomaly.

More GHGs have their main effect in the troposphere, where more IR is absorbed in the upper fraction of a mm of the sea surface.

The rainfall variability emerges out of sea surface temperature variability in the Pacific Ocean.

Their best case is a low that represents 89 % of pre-industrial oxygen levels, with dead zones covering 5.2 % of the sea surface.

A homogeneous monthly data set of sea surface temperature (SST) and pseudo wind stress based on in situ observations is used to investigate the climatic trends over the tropical Atlantic during the last five decades (1964 — 2012).

The worst - case result is that mean ocean oxygen concentration falls to a low of about 68 % of pre-industrial levels in the next few millennia, while low - oxygen «dead zones» — which don't support fish or many other marine animals such as crabs and clams — spread nearly six-fold to cover 12.8 % of the sea surface area.

Yes, but this study claims that by selecting those die which cast a series which corresponds by chance to the realization of sea surface temps and then through selection of those which correspond to hiatus surface temps, over a bunch of initial conditions, it's a better comparison than between models output and reality.

Here we present a global synthesis of sea surface temperatures for the Common Era (ce) derived from 57 individual marine reconstructions that meet strict quality control criteria.

It means that the global sea surface temperatures used by Endersbee in his calculations have been controlled by warming of the sea surface waters outside the tropical sea surface i.e. mainly the warming of the sea surface waters of higher latitudes where the sea surface CO2 sinks are.

What they found is that the globally averaged surface temperature trend over 15 - year periods is closely related to the trend of the sea surface temperature in a small region of the planet, the Nino3.4 region, statistically.

A review of uncertainty in in situ measurements and data sets of sea surface temperature.