Sentences with phrase «of sea surface salinity»

This paper investigates the variability of sea surface salinity (SSS) in the western equatorial Pacific fresh pool.

Observations of sea surface salinity in the western Pacific fresh pool: Large - scale changes in 1992 1995 Christian H nin

Linsley's analysis resulted in the first multi-century record of sea surface salinity for the Makassar Strait.

These advances include the near - global three - dimensional sampling by the Argo array of temperature and salinity profiling floats and spaceborne measurements of sea surface salinity using the European Space Agency's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) spacecraft and NASA's Aquarius mission aboard the Argentine SAC - D spacecraft (which ceased operations in June 2015).

Our activities are focused on the challenge of Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) Remote Sensing from space.

Not exact matches

The movement of water in the ocean is determined by many factors including tides; winds; surface waves; internal waves, those that propagate within the layers of the ocean; and differences in temperature, salinity or sea level height.

In this paper, we examine the causes of the observed sea level rise in the region south of Australia, using 13 years of repeat hydrographic data from the WOCE SR3 sections, and the SURVOSTRAL XBT and surface salinity data.

A team of scientists led by researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory modified the current formula to calculate Potential Intensity by including the effects of upper - ocean mixing, sea - surface cooling, and salinity during a cyclone.

There's no satellite in space that's capable of directly measuring ocean acidity, but an international team of scientists writing in the journal Environmental Science & Technology described last week how satellite measurements of sea surface temperatures, salinity and plankton activity could be combined and used to estimate pH.

Sea surface salinity (SSS) of the HC control run matches observations, but is much too low for the MPI control case (1.2 psu).

Recent qualitative reconstructions of salinity based on various proxies suggest that values of surface water salinity in the Black Sea rose until ca. 3 kyr B.P., followed by a gradual freshening to present - day values (van der Meer et al., 2008; Coolen, 2011).

While Eckert et al. (2013) propose a decreased seawater input or increased river input as potential causes, van der Meer et al. (2008), in contrast, suggest that the absence of a shallow chemocline can be best explained by the high sea - surface salinity at the time.

In section 4.5, the authors point out the need to simulate a number of features realistically and the model does not really do them very well, especially basic things like sea surface salinity.

Predicting sea ice extent is easy if you can mentally calculate wind variations, momentum, sea currents, multi year ice compression ratios, tidal synergy with weather patterns, the AO, the temperature of ice sea water and air, how cloudy it will be, salinity, pycnocline convection rates, sea surface to air interface, CO2 exchange, ice thickness distributions.....

Hendy, E. J., Gagan M. K., Alibert C. A., McCulloch M. T., Lough J. M. and Isdale P.J. (2002) Abrupt Decrease in Tropical Pacific Sea Surface Salinity at End of Little Ice Age, Science, 295, 1511 - 154.

For example, clouds can cool the sea by blocking the warming rays of the sun or reduce surface salinity by bringing rain.

[5] Linsley et al. (2006) reconstructed sea - surface temperature and sea surface salinity in the southwest Pacific starting circa 1600CE by measuring the oxygen isotopic composition of four Porites coral records from Rarotonga and two from Fiji.

The group highlighted the added value of measuring paired coral strontium / calcium ratios (Sr / Ca) and oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O), two key proxies for sea surface temperature that are often referred to as paleothermometers (δ18O also reflects sea surface salinity).

The paper discusses that melting ice will decrease the salinity of the ocean waters around Antarctica, which will cause decreased mixing with the relatively warmer deep ocean waters, reducing sea surface temperatures, causing more sea ice to form.

El Ni o an irregular variation of ocean current that, from January to February, flows off the west coast of South America, carrying warm, low - salinity, nutrient - poor water to the south; does not usually extend farther than a few degrees south of the Equator, but occasionally it does penetrate beyond 12 S, displacing the relatively cold Peruvian current; usually short - lived effects, but sometimes last more than a year, raising sea - surface temperatures along the coast of Peru and in the equatorial eastern Pacific Ocean, having disastrous effects on marine life and fishing

Nonetheless, the findings demonstrate that satellite - based measurements of Arctic sea surface salinity are reasonably accurate and successfully reflect changes due to river runoff, melting sea ice and glaciers, and ocean circulation.

However, a new study by Garcia - Eidell et al. shows that satellite - based methods produce reasonably accurate measurements of Arctic sea surface salinity from season to season and year to year.

They have a significant effect on water salinity, pollution, carbon and nutrient levels, sea surface temperature, and other physical properties in these regions of the ocean, and the variations they cause can, in turn, affect the well - being of marine ecosystems and climate.

On - the - ground measurements are notoriously difficult in the harsh environment of the Arctic, but satellites could help close the gap in measuring sea surface salinity.

Implications of North Atlantic sea surface salinity for summer precipitation over the US Midwest: Mechanisms and predictive value (J. Climate)

This ocean - to - land moisture transport leaves an imprint on sea surface salinity, making this «nature's rain gauge» to measure the variations of the water cycle.

The CCSM appeared to correctly capture key details of the late Permian, including increased ocean salinity and sea surface temperatures in the high latitudes that paleontologists believe were 14 degrees Fahrenheit (8 degrees Celsius) higher than present.

These indicators include greenhouse gas concentrations, temperature of the lower and upper atmosphere, cloud cover, sea surface temperature, sea - level rise, ocean salinity, sea ice extent and snow cover.

Recently, Willis (2010) used satellite observations of sea surface height and sensor buoy observations of velocity, salinity and temperature of the Atlantic Ocean at 41oN and found no significant change in the AMOC strength between 2002 and 2009.

To summarise the arguments presented so far concerning ice - loss in the arctic basin, at least four mechanisms must be recognised: (i) a momentum - induced slowing of winter ice formation, (ii) upward heat - flux from anomalously warm Atlantic water through the surface low ‐ salinity layer below the ice, (iii) wind patterns that cause the export of anomalous amounts of drift ice through the Fram Straits and disperse pack - ice in the western basin and (iv) the anomalous flux of warm Bering Sea water into the eastern Arctic of the mid 1990s.

and Sea Surface Salinity, where there is also an interesting coincident decrease in salinity off the coast ofSalinity, where there is also an interesting coincident decrease in salinity off the coast ofsalinity off the coast of Africa:

He has done extensive work on modeling and interpretation of sea level and ocean bottom pressure signals and is currently a member of various NASA satellite mission science teams (Ocean Surface Topography, GRACE, Ocean Surface Salinity) and the GODAE OceanView Science Team.

A new analysis of sea surface temperature and salinity over several decades seeks to settle the debate on which of two mechanisms underlies the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation.

Superimposed on these long - term trends are millennial - scale fluctuations characterized by periods of low sea - ice and high sea - surface temperature and salinity that appear quasi-cyclic with a frequency of about one every 2500 — 3000 years.

Recent progress toward satellite measurements of the global sea surface salinity field, Satellites, Oceanography and Society, D. Halpern, ed., Elsevier Oceanography Series, 63, 367 pp.