Sentences with phrase «of sea surface temperature variability»

The rainfall variability emerges out of sea surface temperature variability in the Pacific Ocean.

Original study: Messié, M. and F.P. Chavez, 2011: Global modes of sea surface temperature variability in relation to regional climate indices.

They found a 60 - to 90 - year cycle in Barents and Greenland seas ice extent related to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO); the AMO is a basin - wide cycle of sea surface temperature variability similar to the El Niño and La Niña cycles in the Pacific, but varying over much longer periods.

The component of sea surface temperature variability that maximizes its integral time scale, obtained from the combination of 14 control runs of CMIP3 climate models.

Not exact matches

So this effect could either be the result of natural variability in Earth's climate, or yet another effect of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases like water vapor trapping more heat and thus warming sea - surface temperatures.

But Haris Majeed, a Master's student in Medical Imaging at U of T's Faculty of Medicine, wondered if long - term climate variability in sea surface temperatures played a role.

The results suggest that the impact of sea ice seems critical for the Arctic surface temperature changes, but the temperature trend elsewhere seems rather due mainly to changes in ocean surface temperatures and atmospheric variability.

The findings suggest the latitude of the Atlantic jet stream in summer is influenced by several factors including sea surface temperatures, solar variability, and the extent of Arctic sea - ice, indicating a potential long - term memory and predictability in the climate system.

In recent years, a brand of research called «climate attribution science» has sprouted from this question, examining the impact of extreme events to determine how much — often in fractional terms — is related to human - induced climate change, and how much to natural variability (whether in climate patterns such as the El Niño / La Niña - Southern Oscillation, sea - surface temperatures, changes in incoming solar radiation, or a host of other possible factors).

El Niño is a weather pattern characterized by a periodic fluctuation in sea surface temperature and air pressure in the Pacific Ocean, which causes climate variability over the course of years, sometimes even decades.

Checkley, D. M. Jr & Lindegren, M. Sea surface temperature variability at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Pier.

Figure 4 - Spatial variability of the sea surface temperature (SST) trends scaled with the global surface air temperature (SAT) trend for each simulation used in the study.

Mestas - Nunez, A.M., and D.B. Enfield, 1999: Rotated global modes of non-ENSO sea surface temperature variability.

«Multidecadal variability of Atlantic tropical cyclone activity is observed to relate to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO)-- a mode manifesting primarily in sea surface temperature (SST) in the high latitudes of the North Atlantic.

Changes here have a long term effect, affecting the strength of the north - ward horizontal flow of the Atlantic's upper warm layer, thereby altering the oceanic poleward heat transport and the distribution of sea surface temperature (SST — AMO), the presumed source of the (climate) natural variability.

Further investigation of the variability of Arctic surface temperature and sea ice cover was performed by analyzing data from a coupled ocean — atmosphere model.

Another region of sea surface temperature (SST) variability that impacts on Australian climate is located in the Indian Ocean.

DelSole et al 2011 provide a convenient figure (top of post) summarizing the spatial structure of low frequency variability of sea surface temperature in an ensemble of GCMs.

The evolution of El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability can be characterized by various ocean - atmosphere feedbacks, for example, the influence of ENSO related sea surface temperature (SST) variability on the low - level wind and surface heat fluxes in the equatorial tropical Pacific, which in turn affects the evolution of the SST.

Rodríguez - Fonseca, B., E. Mohino, C.R. Mechoso, C. Caminade, M. Biasutti, M. Gaetani, J. Garcia - Serrano, E.K. Vizy, K. Cook, Y. Xue, I. Polo, T. Losada, L. Druyan, B. Fontaine, J. Bader, F.J. Doblas - Reyes, L. Goddard, S. Janicot, A. Arribas, W. Lau, A. Colman, M. Vellinga, D.P. Rowell, F. Kucharski, and A. Voldoire, 2015: Variability and predictability of West African droughts: A review of the role of sea surface temperature anomalies.

For example, let's say that evidence convinced me (in a way that I wasn't convinced previously) that all recent changes in land surface temperatures and sea surface temperatures and atmospheric temperatures and deep sea temperatures and sea ice extent and sea ice volume and sea ice density and moisture content in the air and cloud coverage and rainfall and measures of extreme weather were all directly tied to internal natural variability, and that I can now see that as the result of a statistical modeling of the trends as associated with natural phenomena.

One dynamically downscaled IPCC simulation (WRF - MPI - ECHAM5) has a robust representation of Pacific sea surface temperature variability in the future projection period up to 2040, but the relationship to enhancement of precipitation extremes is not as clear as in observations.

They are largest in regions of high sea surface temperature variability such as the western boundary currents and along the northern boundary of the Southern Ocean.

They write in their abstract: «The Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), defined as the leading empirical orthogonal function of North Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies, is a widely used index for decadal variability.

''... worked with two sediment cores they extracted from the seabed of the eastern Norwegian Sea, developing a 1000 - year proxy temperature record «based on measurements of δ18O in Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, a planktonic foraminifer that calcifies at relatively shallow depths within the Atlantic waters of the eastern Norwegian Sea during late summer,» which they compared with the temporal histories of various proxies of concomitant solar activity... This work revealed, as the seven scientists describe it, that «the lowest isotope values (highest temperatures) of the last millennium are seen ~ 1100 - 1300 A.D., during the Medieval Climate Anomaly, and again after ~ 1950 A.D.» In between these two warm intervals, of course, were the colder temperatures of the Little Ice Age, when oscillatory thermal minima occurred at the times of the Dalton, Maunder, Sporer and Wolf solar minima, such that the δ18O proxy record of near - surface water temperature was found to be «robustly and near - synchronously correlated with various proxies of solar variability spanning the last millennium,» with decade - to century - scale temperature variability of 1 to 2 °C magnitude.»

The research will be directed toward using a combined observational and modeling approach to investigate the nature and cause of the Congo rainfall variability in the 20st century, with an emphasis on the role of global sea surface temperatures.

Importantly, the changes in cereal yield projected for the 2020s and 2080s are driven by GHG - induced climate change and likely do not fully capture interannual precipitation variability which can result in large yield reductions during dry periods, as the IPCC (Christensen et al., 2007) states: ``... there is less confidence in the ability of the AOGCMs (atmosphere - ocean general circulation models) to generate interannual variability in the SSTs (sea surface temperatures) of the type known to affect African rainfall, as evidenced by the fact that very few AOGCMs produce droughts comparable in magnitude to the Sahel droughts of the 1970s and 1980s.»

Kandiano, E. S., Bauch, H. A. & Müller, A. Sea surface temperature variability in the North Atlantic during the last two glacial - interglacial cycles: comparison of faunal, oxygen isotopic, and Mg / Ca - derived records.

Decadal variations in the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation are characterized by a pattern of sea surface temperature anomalies that resemble the central Pacific El Niño, a dominant mode of interannual variability with far - reaching effects on global climate patterns5, 6, 7.

«Causes of differences in model and satellite tropospheric warming rates» «Comparing tropospheric warming in climate models and satellite data» «Robust comparison of climate models with observations using blended land air and ocean sea surface temperatures» «Coverage bias in the HadCRUT4 temperature series and its impact on recent temperature trends» «Reconciling warming trends» «Natural variability, radiative forcing and climate response in the recent hiatus reconciled» «Reconciling controversies about the «global warming hiatus»»

Tourre, Y. M., Y. Kushnir, and W. B. White, 1999: Evolution of interdecadal variability in sea level pressure, sea surface temperature, and upper ocean temperature over the Pacific Ocean.

Numerous factors have been shown to influence these local sea surface temperatures, including natural variability, human - induced emissions of heat - trapping gases, and particulate pollution.

Over these shorter periods, there are many modes of climate variability, usually involving semi-structured oscillations in sea surface temperatures, like the El Niño - Southern Oscillation, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the Arctic Oscillation, and so on.

The simulated sea surface temperature variability from two global coupled climate models for the second half of the 20th century is dominated by natural internal variability associated with the Antarctic Oscillation, suggesting that the models» internal variability is too strong, leading to a response to anthropogenic forcing that is too weak.

Our results have important implications concerning the influence of North Atlantic sea surface temperatures on East Asian climate, and provide support for the possibility of an AMO signature on global multidecadal climate variability.»

Published in the Journal of Climate, authors Richard Seager and Martin Hoerling cleverly used climate models forced by sea surface temperatures to separate how much of the past century's North American droughts have been caused by ocean temperatures, natural variability, and humans.

Regional circulation patterns have significantly changed in recent years.2 For example, changes in the Arctic Oscillation can not be explained by natural variation and it has been suggested that they are broadly consistent with the expected influence of human - induced climate change.3 The signature of global warming has also been identified in recent changes in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, a pattern of variability in sea surface temperatures in the northern Pacific Ocean.4

In a new paper, researchers conclude that changes in sensible heat transfer and evaporation fluxes — in response to strong regional trends in the air - surface temperature contrast related to the changing character of the sea ice cover — are becoming increasingly consequential to Arctic climate variability and change.

Other researchers are investigating variability in the Pacific Ocean, including a measure of sea surface temperatures known as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO).

Jacox M. G., M. A. Alexander, C. A. Stock and G. Hervieux (March 2017): On the skill of seasonal sea surface temperature forecasts in the California Current System and its connection to ENSO variability.

Additionally, such an observing system, by measuring the temporal and spatial variability of the AMOC for approximately a decade, would provide essential ground truth to AMOC model estimates and would also yield insight into whether AMOC changes or other atmospheric / oceanic variability have the dominant impact on interannual sea surface temperature (SST) variability.

The PDO does not represent the multidecadal variability in the sea surface temperatures of the North Pacific.

Thus, in numerical weather prediction out to a mere few days, one tends to neglect the intrinsic variability of the oceans and concentrates on the atmosphere, with sea surface temperatures prescribed as a boundary condition; the sea surface temperature field can either be kept constant in time or allowed to vary in some prescribed manner, e.g., according to a diurnal cycle.

Natural Variability Doesn't Account for Observed Temperature Increase In it's press release announcement, NASA points out that while there are other factors than greenhouse gases contributing to the amount of warming observed — changes in the sun's irradiance, oscillations of sea surface temperatures in the tropics, changes in aerosol levels in the atmosphere — these factors are not sufficient to account for the temperature increases observed Temperature Increase In it's press release announcement, NASA points out that while there are other factors than greenhouse gases contributing to the amount of warming observed — changes in the sun's irradiance, oscillations of sea surface temperatures in the tropics, changes in aerosol levels in the atmosphere — these factors are not sufficient to account for the temperature increases observed temperature increases observed since 1880.

Note that this result is not directly a test of model fidelity, but rather of linearity; what is converging here is the model's representations of air - sea interaction leading to global mean surface temperature anomalies, not whether the models have the ability to capture the magnitude or even the spatial patterns of observed RASST variability.

Title: Variability of sea - surface temperature and sea - ice cover in the Fram Strait over the last two millennia Author (s): Bonnet, S; de Vernal, A; Hillaire - Marcel, C, et al..

This model, when forced with observed sea surface temperatures and atmospheric conditions, can reproduce the observed rise in hurricane counts between 1980 and 2012, along with much of the interannual variability (Figure 5).

For future projections, GFDL atmospheric modelers have developed global models capable of simulating many aspects of the seasonal and year - to - year variability of tropical cyclone frequency in a number of basins, using only historical sea surface temperatures as input.

Alexander M. A., J. D. Scott, K. D. Friedland, K. E. Mills, J. A. Nye, A. J. Pershing and A. C. Thomas (January 2018): Projected sea surface temperatures over the 21st century: Changes in the mean, variability and extremes for large marine ecosystem regions of Northern Oceans.

Feb 8: Projected sea surface temperatures over the 21st century: Changes in the mean, variability and extremes for Large Marine Ecosystem regions of Northern Oceans