When the team looked at lung samples from victims
of the seasonal flu, they found only trace amounts of C4d, which seemed to confirm their suspicions.
Reports of extra encephalitis during outbreaks
of seasonal flu in Japan and the US, and most recently of swine flu - infected children hospitalised with neurological symptoms in Dallas, Texas, hint at a related mechanism, however.
Russell said that he and his colleagues found that each year since 2002 new strains of influenza A (H3N2), the most infectious variety
of seasonal flu, originated in «the east and Southeast Asian circulation network,» which spans from Malaysia and western Indonesia to Korea and Japan.
So if this virus meets up with the human H1N1 that's a little more transmissible, and it can really just become part
of the seasonal flu varieties that we already have circulating everywhere.
The current crop
of seasonal flu vaccines, which contain H1N1, H3N2 and B flulike strains, are egg - based.
Novavax says that during Phase IIa
of seasonal flu vaccine testing, which began in May, it was able in the majority of people tested to surpass the FDA's requirements for producing enough antibodies to protect the body from the H3N2, H1N1 and B viruses — all of which were common enough a year ago to be used to develop flu vaccines for the 2008 to 2009 flu season.
The 1917 virus had infection and mortality rates typical
of seasonal flu, but a single mutation in the proteins affecting how the virus binds to a host cell may have led to the deadly 1918 wave, which killed more than 50 million people worldwide.
Standard testing failed to detect common, everyday viruses: influenza B, a cause
of seasonal flu; parechovirus, a mild gastrointestinal and respiratory virus; herpes virus 1, responsible for cold sores in the mouth; and varicella - zoster virus, which causes chickenpox.
The Health Department emphasizes that there is no shortage
of seasonal flu vaccine in Oneida County.
The Oneida County Health Department announced today that the demand for seasonal flu vaccine has been much higher than anticipated and that their supply
of seasonal flu vaccine was exhausted on October 9th.
(The symptoms of the swine flu are the same as
those of the seasonal flu.)
For the past three years, the U.S. economy has been prone to bouts
of seasonal flu in the Spring.
Not exact matches
Apart from the nippy weather, many
of us start to notice change is in the air when the local chemist has started advertising
flu vaccines to prevent
seasonal influenza and more throats become scratchy and noses sniffly on our morning commute.
With concerns about the
seasonal flu dominating conversations and headlines, it's comforting to know that so many people appear to be so aware
of the need to stop the spread
of germs and increase personal hygiene, but one big question still remains:
Picente has directed the health department to hold two immunization clinics for adults 19 - years
of age and older in that community in the coming weeks; the first for H1N1 shots and the second for
seasonal flu vaccinations.
H1N1 and
Seasonal Flu Shots Available in Sherrill «County Executive Responds to City's Request for Two Clinics» Residents of the City of Sherrill and surrounding areas won't have to travel to get protection from the H1N1 influenza and seasonal flu, Oneida County Executive Anthony J. Picente, Jr. announce
Seasonal Flu Shots Available in Sherrill «County Executive Responds to City's Request for Two Clinics» Residents of the City of Sherrill and surrounding areas won't have to travel to get protection from the H1N1 influenza and seasonal flu, Oneida County Executive Anthony J. Picente, Jr. announced tod
Flu Shots Available in Sherrill «County Executive Responds to City's Request for Two Clinics» Residents
of the City
of Sherrill and surrounding areas won't have to travel to get protection from the H1N1 influenza and
seasonal flu, Oneida County Executive Anthony J. Picente, Jr. announce
seasonal flu, Oneida County Executive Anthony J. Picente, Jr. announced tod
flu, Oneida County Executive Anthony J. Picente, Jr. announced today.
After its latest battle with H1N1, a U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention committee recommended in February that everyone six months and older get the annual vaccine, a step that should improve immunity against future pandemics as well as
seasonal cycles
of the
flu.
The researchers picked the H1 and H3 subtypes because they have been the major cause
of human
seasonal flu outbreaks since 1918.
Widespread vaccination — which is why U.S. health officials are debating a nationwide swine
flu vaccination program that would mandate the creation
of 600 million immunizations, more than five times the 115 million vaccines administered each year to battle the
seasonal flu.
The vaccine's effectiveness suggests there must be pre-existing cell - mediated immunity, possibly because
of similarities between the surface proteins on swine
flu and the
seasonal H1N1
flu that emerged in 1977.
After 1919, the descendants
of the H1N1 virus continue to circulate and cause
seasonal flu outbreaks in humans — and pigs.
«Although this is preclinical work, the strategy warrants further investigation because it holds promise as a simple, economical way to overcome the major limitation
of current
flu vaccination strategies and may provide broad protection against
seasonal and pandemic influenza,» added Elliott.
As with
seasonal flu, infections tapered off during the summer
of 2013 but reappeared with colder weather.
Paradoxically, it might be because
of past exposure to
seasonal flu.
The company plans in October to conduct a separate test specifically to study the
seasonal flu vaccine's effectiveness among 480 elderly participants (a demographic often encouraged to get
seasonal flu shots), and Phase III efficacy trials across a larger set
of demographics are scheduled to begin early next year.
As the northern hemisphere braces itself for the
flu season, and for the first time the US recommends
flu vaccination for everyone over 6 months
of age, Australia has confirmed that its main
seasonal flu vaccine, Fluvax, caused convulsions in 99 children, all
of whom recovered.
Normal
seasonal flu outbreaks have only one peak
of infection — the number
of cases starts very low, increases to a maximum, then decreases to a very low level, and remains at a low level until the next
flu season.
Every year, between 250,000 and 500,000 people
of all ages die worldwide after getting
seasonal flu, partly because few people are vaccinated for it.
Seasonal flu viruses continually undergo mutations that help them evade the human immune system, but some
of these mutations can reduce a virus's potency.
The amount
of neuraminidase in
seasonal flu shots, he says, is unknown and likely varies from batch to batch.
Seasonal influenza (
flu) is not usually associated with diarrhea, but this season many children are reported to have it as one
of their symptoms.
With no head in place to hoard the immune response, the vaccine might coax the body to make enough stem - focused antibodies to protect against
flu, the researchers hoped, regardless
of the
seasonal mutations occurring at the top.
Despite the limitations
of the
seasonal influenza vaccine, people should still get their annual
flu shot, say the authors.
They were randomized to receive one
of three vaccines: the quadrivalent
flu vaccine that contained two A
flu strains and both lineages
of the B strains; the licensed trivalent intradermal vaccine for the 2012 - 2013
flu season; or an alternate trivalent intradermal vaccine that contained two A strains and the B strain that was not in the licensed
seasonal flu vaccine.
The responses
of those given the quadrivalent vaccine were the same as those
of volunteers who received the vaccine with two strains
of A and the strain
of B that matched the B strain in the 2012 - 2013
seasonal flu trivalent vaccine.
Either approach will take at least another five years
of testing before it would be ready to fight
seasonal flu, Nabel says.
Seasonal flu strains such as H1N1 and H3N2 have shown little resistance to the drug in adults, but two small studies have shown resistance rates
of up to 18 % in Japanese children (ScienceNOW, 26 August 2004).
In addition to growth problems with the virus, Hall noted that one vaccine maker is still making
seasonal flu vaccine and has yet to switch over to production
of the novel H1N1 product.
So, researchers at CDC and collaborators used a lab technique called reverse genetics to make combinations
of H3N2, a
seasonal human
flu strain, and the 1997 strain
of H5N1.
Although the world's attention is focused on the novel H1N1 virus causing the swine
flu pandemic, H3N2, a
seasonal strain
of influenza, has popped up in many East Asian countries — and some variants in circulation may outfox the
seasonal vaccine in use.
Currently,
seasonal flu vaccines are designed to induce high levels
of protective antibodies against hemagglutinin (HA), a protein found on the surface
of the influenza virus that enables the virus to enter a human cell and initiate infection.
One
of the most baffling features
of the swine
flu outbreak is that, unlike
seasonal influenza, severe disease largely does not occur in the elderly.
If there is such sustained transmission, versus imported cases from people who traveled to areas where the virus is circulating, several decisions would need to be made, Hartl said, including whether to switch production from the vaccine for
seasonal flu to the one for pandemic
flu, and whether to ramp up production
of antivirals.
«None
of them find any increase or decrease in the risk
of H1N1 disease associated with the
seasonal flu vaccine exposure,» she said.
Strains
of H3N2 have been circulating in humans since the 1968 pandemic, but they have evolved to a less dangerous form that produces a nasty
seasonal flu.
The researchers then exposed some
of these strains to antibodies provoked by the current H3
seasonal -
flu vaccines.
But it seems that while the number
of deaths in the US was comparable to a bad
seasonal flu, swine
flu claimed three times as many years
of life because the victims were so young.
Bruce Gellin, director
of the National Vaccine Program Office, added that he has «high expectations» that the shots will work without adjuvants, as
seasonal flu vaccines do.
Using X-ray crystallography, performed at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble, Cusack and colleagues were able to determine the atomic structure
of the whole polymerase from two strains
of influenza: influenza B, one
of the strains that cause
seasonal flu in humans, but which evolves slowly and therefore isn't considered a pandemic threat; and the strain
of influenza A — the fast - evolving strain that affects humans, birds and other animals and can cause pandemics — that infects bats.
Researchers around the world, including at the University
of Rochester Medical Center (URMC), are pursuing a «universal»
flu vaccine, one that would protect against most or all
seasonal and pandemic strains
of the
flu virus.