Sentences with phrase «of selection bias in»

In order to circumvent the issue of selection bias in the case of mandatory retention policies like the one proposed for Michigan, recent studies have utilized a statistical approach that compares children who fall just above and just below the cutoff used to determine retention.

My co-authors and I attempt to address this question of selection bias in a recent paper titled «Why do we find ourselves around a yellow star instead of a red star?»

The role of selection bias in comparing cesarean birth rates between physician and midwifery management

In one study, a protective effect of breast milk on blood pressure was observed when 26 percent of the original cohort were followed up at ages 13 — 16 years (15), but not when 81 percent were examined at ages 7.5 — 8 years (16), suggesting either the possibility of selection bias in the later follow - up or an amplification of the breastfeeding — blood pressure association (49).

Not exact matches

With the passage in 1968 of federal legislation mandating decidedly lowered rent ceilings, court rulings limiting discretion in tenant selection, and pressure from the civil rights movement to put an end to racial bias in tenant selection and assignments, this percentage increased.

In addition, as I think has been mentioned already, the whole basis of taking a sample of twitter followers of 10 celebrities is a great example of selection bias.

Either there is a male bias in selection of authors, or women theologians who think feminism endangers Christian faith are rare.

Your graph on how much a client should bet in order to cover his fees is meaningless and is guilty of Ma's rule number 2; selection bias.

Then again the the selection of our midfield is left to our manager, who shows a biases to specific players, which leaves the team unbalance and not properly covered in various areas of the field.

I'm not sure why Taylor merited this selection, but given the club involved in the final, there were other options that would have taken away any but the kookiest claims of bias and impropriety.

It makes sense that this study does not have much validity if the only women who participated in the study were those who agreed to document their experiences based out of their own interest (self - selection bias) rather than a random sample that covered a diverse range of experiences.

The strengths of the study include the ability to compare outcomes by the woman's planned place of birth at the start of care in labour, the high participation of midwifery units and trusts in England, the large sample size and statistical power to detect clinically important differences in adverse perinatal outcomes, the minimisation of selection bias through achievement of a high response rate and absence of self selection bias due to non-consent, the ability to compare groups that were similar in terms of identified clinical risk (according to current clinical guidelines) and to further increase the comparability of the groups by conducting an additional analysis restricted to women with no complicating conditions identified at the start of care in labour, and the ability to control for several important potential confounders.

A randomised controlled trial would be the best way to tackle selection bias of mothers who plan a home birth, but a randomised controlled trial in North America is unfeasible given that even in Britain, where home birth has been an incorporated part of the healthcare system for some time, and where cooperation is more feasible, a pilot study failed.31 Prospective cohort studies remain the most comprehensive instruments available.

Although there is inherent selection bias and recall bias with questionnaires in general, the authors of this study attempted to reduce both of these factors.

Other strengths of the underpinning cohort study include high participation by midwifery units and trusts in England; the minimisation of selection bias through achievement of a high response rate and absence of self selection bias because of non-consent; and the ability to compare groups that were similar in terms of identified clinical risk.12 The economic evaluation was conducted according to nationally agreed design and reporting guidelines.15 26 Collection of primary unit cost data was thorough and accounted for regional differences in care patterns.

Previous studies of the effect of breastfeeding on morbidity among full - term infants have not always accounted for selection bias that may result if infants who are breastfed are inherently healthier than bottle - fed infants.22 In the current study, the VLBW infants» ability to breastfeed did not reflect better health status as both human milk and infant formula were provided via gavage feeding especially during early enteral feedings.

Except for male sex, which was not a risk factor in study participants, the ORs obtained from participants were similar to those obtained from all eligible cases and controls, providing no evidence of a noticeable selection bias.

Although we could not find estimates of fan use in the US population, we examined the potential selection bias by evaluating characteristics associated with SIDS risks in study participants and nonparticipants in a previously published article.16 Using California birth certificate data, we compared the ORs for maternal age, maternal education, parity, birth weight, infant sex, and late initiation of prenatal care (> 5 months» gestation).

The authors note the main limitation of their study was the selection bias inherent to voluntary registries and reflected in the high proportion of women receiving DMT.

That liberals are just as guilty of antiscience bias comports more with accounts of humans chomping canines, and yet those on the left are just as skeptical of well - established science when findings clash with their political ideologies, such as with GMOs, nuclear power, genetic engineering and evolutionary psychology — skepticism of the last I call «cognitive creationism» for its endorsement of a blank - slate model of the mind in which natural selection operated on humans only from the neck down.

The authors point out that the literature has a number of methodological limitations, such as measurement and selection bias, and a restricted focus, in which the effects of a limited number of alcohol policies are considered without accounting for other alcohol policies.

This selection bias was reduced in couples where there was a higher risk of transmission.

In some cases, such as in the selection of participants for studies on suicide, the bias in the original studies may have underestimated the association between access to firearms and suicide, because both study and comparison groups were recruited from health care settings where they may have been seeking treatment for suicidal planninIn some cases, such as in the selection of participants for studies on suicide, the bias in the original studies may have underestimated the association between access to firearms and suicide, because both study and comparison groups were recruited from health care settings where they may have been seeking treatment for suicidal planninin the selection of participants for studies on suicide, the bias in the original studies may have underestimated the association between access to firearms and suicide, because both study and comparison groups were recruited from health care settings where they may have been seeking treatment for suicidal planninin the original studies may have underestimated the association between access to firearms and suicide, because both study and comparison groups were recruited from health care settings where they may have been seeking treatment for suicidal planning.

To prevent disparities in jury rulings, more attention needs to be placed on the pre-trial aspects of the jury selection process, such as minority underrepresentation and measuring bias in potential jurors.

The conclusion: Even when selection bias is corrected for, college still makes economic sense, and the benefits are larger in some areas of study than in others.

This shows up in Webber's analysis in the size of the selection - bias correction and how it changes between cohorts.

In April, an investigation at Rutgers University finally concluded that «substantial (clear and convincing) evidence exists that research fraud has occurred in several areas» including «biased selection of subjects who were to be included in the symmetry / asymmetry comparison groups so as to artificially obtain desired results.&raquIn April, an investigation at Rutgers University finally concluded that «substantial (clear and convincing) evidence exists that research fraud has occurred in several areas» including «biased selection of subjects who were to be included in the symmetry / asymmetry comparison groups so as to artificially obtain desired results.&raquin several areas» including «biased selection of subjects who were to be included in the symmetry / asymmetry comparison groups so as to artificially obtain desired results.&raquin the symmetry / asymmetry comparison groups so as to artificially obtain desired results.»

The authors note the main limitation of their study was the selection bias inherent to voluntary registries and reflected in the high proportion of women receiving DMT.

Researchers explained that this difference may be due, in part, to a selection bias where healthier patients were treated with surgery, and they underscored the need for a controlled clinical trial with matched patients receiving each treatment first - line to compare the efficacy of these therapies.

«But human trials of sitagliptin have been limited to date because they have lacked important tools like a placebo arm and allocation concealment (in which researchers do not know what the next treatment allocation will be, further preventing selection bias in testing),» said Loomba.

We show that in fact, so long as the disease is sufficiently polygenic, the selection coefficients of individual loci are insensitive to the fitness cost of the disease, and instead depend on the distribution of effect sizes and the degree of mutational bias toward increased disease liability.

In order to avoid a potential bias caused by selection of a particular referent subject, subject - specific SI maps from all the subjects are summarized as a weighted average, with the Jaccard index for each subject as the weight.

The key is being aware of our selection bias to seek only positive news and data on the subject or supplement we're interested in, but ignore negative or adverse ones.

Observational studies have a high risk of bias owing to problems such as self - selection of interventions (people who believe in the benefits of meditation or who have prior experience with meditation are more likely to enroll in a meditation program and report that they benefited from one) and use of outcome measures that can be easily biased by participants» beliefs in the benefits of meditation.

As we'll see in this article, the book's most widely repeated claims, particularly involving Campbell's cancer research and the results of the China - Cornell - Oxford Project, are victims of selection bias, cherry picking, and woefully misrepresented data.

Not only does it use a small sample size, but it is a non-randomized, non-blinded, prospective observational study that may also be confounded by selection bias — in other words, the subjects may not be representative of the population of individuals with IBD.

Whereas these studies are limited because of their clinical measures and possible selection bias, they show that many clinicians already find that it is feasible to implement the LCD in clinical practice.

Second, there is no way in which a federally approved curriculum can avoid the trap of selection bias — no matter who might design it.

Granted, it's hard to tease out the selection bias of these studies; it's tough to know whether participating in these activities caused teenagers to make better choices, or whether teenagers who made good life choices also chose to participate in sports and other extracurriculars.

Importantly, our null effect estimates from the random experiment differ substantially from those found from an analysis of CPS data, raising concerns about the potential for selection bias in non-experimental estimates of returns.

Evaluations of newer large - scale programs (like those in New Jersey, Oklahoma, and Texas) suffer from «selection bias» problems — we don't know whether the children enrolled in them might be different in important ways from their peers who didn't enroll.

To overcome the bias that results from self - selection into peer groups, our main analysis compares cohorts of students in the same grade at the same school in different years.

We examined whether larger networks are more effective than smaller ones and found that, both with and without correcting for student and peer socioeconomic characteristics and selection bias, students at schools that are part of networks of three or more schools consistently outperform students at schools in networks of only two schools.

In suburban San Antonio, the schools are too new to evaluate by academic achievement, and self - selection bias will make it hard to do so: schools that are designed to appeal to students and parents looking for faster - paced academics would be expected to appear at the top of state school rankings.

Of course, there would be selection bias in terms of which teachers are willing to be participate in this sort of work, and other imperfectionOf course, there would be selection bias in terms of which teachers are willing to be participate in this sort of work, and other imperfectionof which teachers are willing to be participate in this sort of work, and other imperfectionof work, and other imperfections.

In contrast, ESSA defines four levels of «evidence - based» practices: «strong,» with at least one well - designed and well - implemented experimental study with a statistically significant, positive effect; «moderate,» with at least one well - designed and well - implemented quasi-experimental study such as a matched - comparison group; «promising,» with at least one well - designed and well - implemented correlational study with statistical controls for selection bias.

This method allows us to address two sources of bias: (i) differences in the types of schools that Asian Americans and whites are likely to attend (e.g., school quality, course difficulty, socio - demographic composition of student body) and (ii) self - selection of Asian Americans into school districts.

With few exceptions, researchers are not able to determine how much selection bias exists when various quasi-experimental approaches are used in place of experimental ones within a school choice context.

The primary empirical challenge in any study of alternative school models is selection bias.

The results in Table 10 support the notion that the observational study design does a good job of controlling for selection bias in the evaluation of charter effects (or that there is not much selection bias in the first place).