There, you can read about Hispaniola's great biodiversity, including 30 endemic bird species; the importance of the island to birds that winter and migrate through the West Indies and breed in North America; and the critical role
of shade coffee in preserving habitat on an island with a very high level of deforestation.
Sun coffee has been considered the antithesis
of shade coffee and all that is good in sustainable coffee growing.
In Venezuela, they were found foraging in the coffee understory as well as in the canopy
of shade coffee farms.
His work has demonstrated the importance
of shade coffee to birds in the country.
The importance of connectivity between coffee and protected areas is tremendous, given the overlap and proximity of biodiversity hotspots and coffee - growing regions (Hardner and Rice 2002) and the importance
of shaded coffee in the face of global climate change.
Not exact matches
With
shade grown
coffee and a limited reliance on fossil fuels Dukale's farm (they use methane gas harvested from the livestock manure to power their homes) provides an example
of what farming can be like.
Enjoy a variety
of our Central and South American blends that use all choice selected, high altitude,
shade grown, and handpicked
coffee beans.
Our Community Aid Program has restored thousands
of acres
of rainforest by farming only with
shade grown farms, and planted our own
coffee on our own organic farms.
When
coffee ceases to be profitable, the
coffee fields — which for a large number
of small holders are a mix
of coffee, food and timber trees, and native
shade trees — are cleared.
As El Salvador grows mainly older types
of coffee — mostly bourbons and pacas — they are typically grown in
shade.
A quick stop at lion Kona featured the
shade of some macadamia nut trees, a common companion to
coffee trees on Kona mountain side.
Very little primary forest remains in El Salvador, and
shade coffee farms represent much
of the rest
of the «forested» land in the country.
While much
of Mexico's organic
coffee is grown in rustic
shade or traditional polyculture, Peru grows a lot
of its organic
coffee in commercial polyculture or
shade monoculture (definitions here), a less - desirable situation for biodiversity.
[There is a] strong indication that the
coffee boom
of shade - grown
coffee does not promote the more bird friendly «song bird
coffee» plantations (rustic), but rather promotes more monocultures with Inga and Albizia.
Under this renovation scheme, Moringa will pay the approximately $ 4,000 per hectare in renovation costs, making use
of the new and advanced
coffee varieties developed and sold locally by ECOM (H1 and H3 hybrids, and Marsellesa) and plant timber and
shade trees.
In the last two decades, the value
of shade - grown (or simply
shade)
coffee farms for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem service provision has gained widespread attention from the public and scientific communities (Perfecto et al. 1996, Tscharntke et al. 2011, Jha et al. 2012, De Beenhouwer et al. 2013).
For example, 81 %
of the
coffee in Nicaragua and El Salvador grew under a
shade canopy in 1996, and although recent surveys document declines in
shade tree diversity since then, these declines mostly occurred on larger farms; in contrast, many smallholder cooperatives preserve high levels
of biodiversity, including more than 100 species
of shade trees on fewer than 30 farms (Méndez et al. 2010a).
A review
of ecosystem services, farmer livelihoods, and value chains in
shade coffee agroecoystems
If they say their
coffee is «
shade grown» and the
coffee isn't certified by SMBC, I'd like to see an explanation
of how they determined it really is grown in
shade.
Sumatran
coffee farms use very few species
of shade trees, including the non-native Gliricidia sepium, which may not provide proper resources for native fauna.
Through the project's greenhouse gas accounting, build local awareness about the value
of maintaining and restoring forest cover, and improve the desirability
of maintaining
shade coffee over cattle ranching or other activities with a higher ecological impact.
Overall criteria I would love to make it simple, and provide a list
of retailers that sell only certified
shade - grown
coffee.
The authors
of this study interviewed 36 Mexican
shade coffee farmers regarding their knowledge and resultant perception and attitudes
of the wildlife on their farms.
On the other hand, there are also
coffees marketed as «
shade grown» that may not be grown under any sort
of measurable criteria.
Shade coffee farms appeared to be one
of the only land uses that preserved a lot
of native trees.
On my recent trip to Nicaragua, I was fortunate to have a chance to meet Lili and Georges Duriaux - Chavarría, owners
of Finca El Jaguar, a forest reserve and
shade coffee farm in Jinotega.
I know a number
of University
of Michigan graduate students who have done thesis work on
coffee farms in Costa Rica, and they have all told me there is very little true
shade in the farms.
The focus is on research on
coffee growing (e.g., how
shade impacts pests, yield, and biodiversity), as well as topics such as the economics
of various certifications.
Last year in my post The (de) evolution
of Rainforest Alliance
shade criteria, I outlined the incremental relaxation
of the criteria for
shade over agroforestry crops — what the public understands to signify «
shade - grown
coffee.»
In countries where robusta cultivation has been encouraged and expanding, such as Vietnam,
shade agroforestry systems and native forests have been removed in favor
of growing the
coffee in full sun.
This study looked at pollinators in
coffee farms in Veracruz, Mexico that used various types
of shade management.
Cacao farms look after biodiversity, growing cacao beans under the
shade of rainforest trees alongside crops like avocados, pineapples, bananas and
coffee.
In this case, we see that increased
shade (especially diversity in the
shade management) encourages a wider diversity
of pollinating insects, which in turn leads to higher fruit set in the
coffee and thus higher yields.
About 120 to 150 ha are in
shade coffee production, much
of it organic; 87 ha is now certified Bird - Friendly.
For the canopy layer
of hardwood, many
coffee farmers are now planting a fast - growing, sparse
shade timber species from Australia, Grevillea robusta, often called silver oak although not related to North American oak species.
Family owned since its founding, the farm is known for the quality
of the high - altitude,
shade - grown Arabica
Coffee it produces.
Forty species
of shade trees (including 50,000 planted by the estate) cool the ground and allow for slow ripening
of the
coffee cherries which increases sweetness.
The
coffee is
shade grown, under a semi-open canopy
of fruit and forest trees.
... Many
of these roasters claim to have visited the farms themselves and thereby justify «self - certifying» their
shade coffees.
According to the press release, the certified bean portion
of KLM's
coffee comes from
shaded coffee farms in the highlands
of Colombia and the cerrado region
of Brazil.
Although
shade coffee farms can provide habitat for some species, they do not possess the complete suite
of species or ecosystem functions as the original habitat.
I'm sure the Brazilian
coffee isn't
shaded, since cerrado is savannah, not forest, and RA standards call for «Farms in areas where the original natural vegetation is not forest must dedicate at least 30 %
of the farm area for conservation or recovery
of the area's typical ecosystems.»
She then started «growing fertilizer» by planting avocado trees that provide
shade for delicate
coffee bushes, organic nutrients for the soil (the fallen leaves that now carpet much
of the farm), and extra income for the family when the fruits are in season.
... [T] he rapid proliferation
of uncertified
shade coffee brands is fueling concerns across the industry regarding free - riding and even fraud.
Goals included reforestation and creation
of forest corridors to improve habitat, especially for migratory birds, and working with
coffee farmers to re-establish
shade trees and convert to organic production.
There are now around 50 species
of trees providing multi-layer
shade for the
coffee.
Shade coffee farms may be extremely important to the survival
of these species.
It inspired my love
of birds and my career, and is symbolic
of «our» birds that winter in the tropics on
shade coffee farms.
I was unable to determine a precise source for this
coffee, although the importer notes the varieties are bourbon, typica (both those require some
shade), cataui, and caturra (both
of those used in CR for sun
coffee).
I've spoken to a lot
of consumers, and their overall impression is that RA certification is an ecological one and they generally believe that it indicates that the
coffee is
shade grown.