I was wandering if you could suggest any resource to learn about the actual practicalities of growing shade coffee including information on techniques, expected yields, plot sizes, profit projections etc which would help us to make an informed decision about moving into the world
of shade grown coffee?
I wish that promoters
of shade grown coffee would not try to sell their products in which they are fooling people into falsely believing that shade grown tastes better.
Not exact matches
With
shade grown coffee and a limited reliance on fossil fuels Dukale's farm (they use methane gas harvested from the livestock manure to power their homes) provides an example
of what farming can be like.
Enjoy a variety
of our Central and South American blends that use all choice selected, high altitude,
shade grown, and handpicked
coffee beans.
Our Community Aid Program has restored thousands
of acres
of rainforest by farming only with
shade grown farms, and planted our own
coffee on our own organic farms.
As El Salvador
grows mainly older types
of coffee — mostly bourbons and pacas — they are typically
grown in
shade.
While much
of Mexico's organic
coffee is
grown in rustic
shade or traditional polyculture, Peru
grows a lot
of its organic
coffee in commercial polyculture or
shade monoculture (definitions here), a less - desirable situation for biodiversity.
[There is a] strong indication that the
coffee boom
of shade -
grown coffee does not promote the more bird friendly «song bird
coffee» plantations (rustic), but rather promotes more monocultures with Inga and Albizia.
In the last two decades, the value
of shade -
grown (or simply
shade)
coffee farms for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem service provision has gained widespread attention from the public and scientific communities (Perfecto et al. 1996, Tscharntke et al. 2011, Jha et al. 2012, De Beenhouwer et al. 2013).
For example, 81 %
of the
coffee in Nicaragua and El Salvador
grew under a
shade canopy in 1996, and although recent surveys document declines in
shade tree diversity since then, these declines mostly occurred on larger farms; in contrast, many smallholder cooperatives preserve high levels
of biodiversity, including more than 100 species
of shade trees on fewer than 30 farms (Méndez et al. 2010a).
The importance
of connectivity between
coffee and protected areas is tremendous, given the overlap and proximity
of biodiversity hotspots and
coffee -
growing regions (Hardner and Rice 2002) and the importance
of shaded coffee in the face
of global climate change.
If they say their
coffee is «
shade grown» and the
coffee isn't certified by SMBC, I'd like to see an explanation
of how they determined it really is
grown in
shade.
Overall criteria I would love to make it simple, and provide a list
of retailers that sell only certified
shade -
grown coffee.
On the other hand, there are also
coffees marketed as «
shade grown» that may not be
grown under any sort
of measurable criteria.
The focus is on research on
coffee growing (e.g., how
shade impacts pests, yield, and biodiversity), as well as topics such as the economics
of various certifications.
Last year in my post The (de) evolution
of Rainforest Alliance
shade criteria, I outlined the incremental relaxation
of the criteria for
shade over agroforestry crops — what the public understands to signify «
shade -
grown coffee.»
In countries where robusta cultivation has been encouraged and expanding, such as Vietnam,
shade agroforestry systems and native forests have been removed in favor
of growing the
coffee in full sun.
Cacao farms look after biodiversity,
growing cacao beans under the
shade of rainforest trees alongside crops like avocados, pineapples, bananas and
coffee.
For the canopy layer
of hardwood, many
coffee farmers are now planting a fast -
growing, sparse
shade timber species from Australia, Grevillea robusta, often called silver oak although not related to North American oak species.
Family owned since its founding, the farm is known for the quality
of the high - altitude,
shade -
grown Arabica
Coffee it produces.
The
coffee is
shade grown, under a semi-open canopy
of fruit and forest trees.
She then started «
growing fertilizer» by planting avocado trees that provide
shade for delicate
coffee bushes, organic nutrients for the soil (the fallen leaves that now carpet much
of the farm), and extra income for the family when the fruits are in season.
I've spoken to a lot
of consumers, and their overall impression is that RA certification is an ecological one and they generally believe that it indicates that the
coffee is
shade grown.
I am currently working with small scale farmers in the Ecuadorian highlands and we have recently become interested in the idea
of growing shade -
grown coffee as a way
of sustaining the local growers and preserving some
of the native forests in the region.
The «
Coffee Growing — Environmental Leadership» section covers water body protection, including criteria for width and type
of vegetated buffer zones along permanent and seasonal water bodies, and use
of chemicals or waste storage near water bodies; protection
of soil resources, including measures to control and prevent erosion and use
of organic mulches and cover crops; conserving biodiversity, including maintaining a
shade canopy, protecting wildlife, and establishment
of conservation areas; and environmental management, including pest and disease control.
The page indicates that there are about 75 large trees per hectare which add to the leaf litter
of the
coffee plants, and there is a photo
of coffee growing under
shade in their photo gallery.
Although I have found a lot
of background information regarding
shade -
grown coffee, as well as more specific information mainly to do with biodiversity indices and legislation and the requirements
of the
shade providing canopy I have been having a lot
of trouble finding practical resources for farmers.
This study radiotracked several species
of resident forest birds in the Coto Brus province
of southern Costa Rica, now «dominated by sparsely -
shaded coffee farms» — recall that in my post on
coffee growing in Costa Rica that most farms, including those marketed as «
shade»
coffee, have few
shade trees
of only a couple
of species, and lack the structural complexity necessary for true biodiversity preservation.
Organic
coffee is very difficult to
grow without the presence
of shade trees to provide habitat for beneficial insects, birds, and other organisms; to provide natural mulch; to aid in nutrient cycling; and to help in weed suppression.
Much
of the
coffee certified Fair Trade in the U.S. (by TransFair USA) is also «
shade grown», although the volume is often overstated.
This doesn't necessarily mean that the
coffee is organic or
shade -
grown, but Rainforest Alliance farms do comply with a variety
of environmental, social, and sustainability standards.
Unlike arabica
coffee, which can (and is, in much
of Mexico)
grown as an agroforestry crop under mixed
shade, robusta is
grown in the sun and will require the clearing
of valuable lowland forests, no doubt substantial amounts
of fertilizer and pesticides, and cause collateral environmental damage.
Coffee is a major and perhaps the best known RA - certified crop, and one
of nine «agroforestry crops» certified by RA (those that can be
grown with a
shade tree canopy).
Amazon: Cafe Britt Costa Rica Organic
Shade Grown Ground
Coffee, 12 - Ounce Bags (Pack
of 2) for just $ 18.90 ($ 9.45 / bag) with Subscribe & Save
Because a number
of common
coffee pests and pathogens are more difficult to control naturally when the
coffee is
grown in the sun, it's often a good bet that organic
coffee is also
grown under
shade.
In some regions
of Latin America,
coffee is
grown at high altitudes where clouds provide
shade and additional tree cover would be counter-productive, or is
grown in areas (like the Brazilian cerrado) that wasn't forested to begin with.
And in the rush to increase production, it caused a shift from traditional, sustainable
coffee growing methods (with
coffee plants
grown in the
shade of diverse native trees) to intense monocultures that require large inputs
of fertilizer and pesticides which bring about a loss in biodiversity and quickly deplete the land.
Sun
coffee has been considered the antithesis
of shade coffee and all that is good in sustainable
coffee growing.
By drinking
shade -
grown and bird friendly certified
coffee every morning, you are supporting these
coffee farmers, the efforts
of the ABA and BirdNote, and the countless birds they are protecting through community outreach and conservation.
The
coffee is
shade -
grown on steep volcanic slopes
of the Northwestern Highlands
of Guatemala by Maya Quiche
coffee farmers.
The National Audubon Society promotes a small line
of «habitat - friendly certified organic premium
shade grown»
coffees *, which are available at some supermarkets, and via their Audubon
Coffee Club web site.
Considering that a number
of Caribou offerings are from Africa and Asia, which are not eligible for
shade certification and which often are
grown under
shade as a matter
of course, this means that well over half
of Caribou's
coffees will represent
shade coffees, in one shape or form.
The only other
coffees on the site I see labeled
shade grown are the Panama Bambito which is in an area where much
of the
coffee is
grown under good
shade plus they have 5 ha
of forest (I've been in that area, too), and the Ecuadorian
coffee.
Three were Smithsonian Bird - Friendly certified
coffees, others were not certified, but
grown under various levels
of shade.
In 2003, a number
of important researchers debated the conservation value
of promoting
shade -
grown coffee in the pages
of the journal Conservation Biology.
If it's certified Fair Trade... Over 80 %
of the
coffee certified Fair Trade in the U.S. (by TransFair USA) is also
shade grown.
Therefore, this label can be slapped on any
coffee, including
coffee grown in the sun, or from farms with only a few
shade trees This might be done out
of either ignorance or a desire to capture the market (see more on this here), because these
coffees usually carry a price premium.
This lack
of transparency to a consumer seeking out «
shade coffee» or
coffee that is
grown using field - tested approaches to maximizing the value
of agroforestry to biodiversity is, in my opinion, an enormous problem.
Therefore it is with regret that I report that I feel the changes in the new standard regarding
shade criteria have negative effects and, due to lack
of transparency, I can no longer recommend Rainforest Alliance certified
coffee to consumers specifically seeking «
shade grown»
coffee.
Organic
coffee is often
grown under a canopy
of shade, and
shade -
grown coffee tends to ripen more slowly.