Control of T cell signaling occurs through both positive and negative regulation, as well as through the actions of molecular scaffolds that contribute to the formation
of signaling complexes.
Dimers are grouped in threes to form larger units
of the signaling complex, called trimers of dimers.
Not exact matches
The simplicity allows traders to render quick decisions about their
signals without getting a bunch
of complex and confusing information.
Security regulators are sending out
signals that they intend to step up review
of distribution
of complex financial products, such as variable annuities and equity - linked instruments...
Sending a
signal requires maintaining the order
of the connection in a
complex process, because a
signal depends on a whole series
of steps having meaning.
At the end
of the year I concluded that a group
of people can not regularly gather for what they feel to be religious purposes without developing a
complex network
of signals and symbols and conventions — in short, a subculture — that gains its own logic and then functions in a way peculiar to that group.
The uncertainty surrounding reporting laws may not only reflect
complex relations between church and state; they may also
signal uncertainty about the practice
of confidentiality in the church.
Almost helpless two years ago, they are suddenly one
of the best teams in football, and the reason, simply stated, is Van Brocklin, a pro quarterback since 1949, and one
of the few
signal callers left in this
complex, demanding business who still calls his own
signals.
The experiments revealed that the creation
of a wound generates a
complex series
of calcium
signals in the surrounding tissue:
In
complex wound management, we think a lot about what the
signaling pathways are and what factors can be involved and what kind
of things we could do to improve things.
One theory — the
complex contagion theory — posits that costly behaviors (like going for an exhausting run) require a lot
of signals from a lot
of people.
When muscle injury occurs, a
complex chain
of signals prompts the satellite cells to awaken and generate new muscle cells to repair the injury.
Was there a chemical or genetic
signal that induced stem cells to create the
complex structures
of the body and brain?
The birds possess the
complex ability
of referential communication, which involves
signals such as calls, displays and whistles to convey information.
In two star - forming regions
of the galaxy, ALMA picked up
signals emanating from three
complex organic molecules, including dimethyl ether and methyl formate, which had not previously been detected outside our own galaxy.
The nonredundant protein sets
of flies and worms are similar in size and are only twice that
of yeast, but different gene families are expanded in each genome, and the multidomain proteins and
signaling pathways
of the fly and worm are far more
complex than those
of yeast.
Professor Taylor, who co-ordinated the research, says: «Our findings provide the very first insight into how biochar stimulates plant growth — we now know that cell expansion is stimulated in roots and leaves alike and this appears to be the consequence
of a
complex signalling network that is focussed around two plant growth hormones.
«This was the proof that the root hair response to auxin is
complex and possibly the result
of a
signal chain,» the plant scientist explains.
Stanford University researchers studying how the brain controls movement in people with paralysis, related to their diagnosis
of Lou Gehrig's disease, have found that groups
of neurons work together, firing in
complex rhythms to
signal muscles about when and where to move.
The researchers examined the crystal structure
of the
complex of SeV C protein and transcription factor STAT1, and found that SeV C protein inhibits the
signal transduction pathway
of interferon gamma.
The structure
of the SRP
signal - sequence
complex is determined using x-ray crystallographic methods.
Instead
of the conventional
signals used in today's technology — bits — which can only be a one or a zero, the new hardware will have to process far more
complex quantum entangled states.
The advance improves on a staple
of modern computation known as the fast Fourier transform, or FFT, which breaks down a
complex signal into its component parts — almost like describing a piano chord by identifying the individual notes that need to be played.
CANTOS grew out
of years
of ups and downs in the heart disease field, as scientists tried to trace the role
of inflammation, a
complex cascade
of immune
signals and various white blood cells that occurs in response to wounds, infections, and more.
It is a product
of all five senses (hearing included) interacting in unexpected ways, those sensory
signals subject to gross revision as they are integrated by the brain into one
complex, sometimes wonderful perception.
This «gain» in current prevents
signals from decaying as they travel, and that's a key reason why transistors are crucial for the
complex circuits
of electronics.
They call this form
of activation «non-ligand-dependent,» and in a
complex series
of biochemical and animal experiments, traced the pathway through which FER's binding to MET inside the cell sets off a cascade
of cell -
signaling events, all directly connected in prior research with cancer initiation, including RAC1 / PAK1 and SHP2 - ERK.
Cell biologists would like to reduce the
complex communication patterns traced by molecules that regulate the health
of the cell to a set
of signaling rules.
However, ants have evolved a
complex set
of signals that allow colony members to distinguish between residents and intruders.
In disaster scenarios, the use
of radar
signals can be particularly
complex.
To unravel the
complex journey
of the body's GPCRs, scientists used biophysical tools, including fluorescent biosensors; biochemical tools, such as cell
signaling in neuronal cultures; as well as computational models.
«All too often, in fact, data from the brain are analysed using linear methods, but the brain is a
complex system that produce
signals that are non-linear and dynamic in nature and analysing with these linear methods results in loss
of information.»
Dysfunction in dopamine
signaling profoundly changes the activity level
of about 2,000 genes in the brain's prefrontal cortex and may be an underlying cause
of certain
complex neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, according to UC Irvine scientists.
«This is the first time that this specific protein - protein
signaling complex has been identified in GBM, and it gives us a new potential target for drug development,» says Fisher, Thelma Newmeyer Corman Endowed Chair in Cancer Research and co-leader
of the Cancer Molecular Genetics research program at VCU Massey, professor and chair
of the Department
of Human and Molecular Genetics at the VCU School
of Medicine, and director
of the VIMM.
Frey and his colleagues made use
of mathematical models to analyze the
complex interplay between ecological factors and population dynamics, and were able to demonstrate that populations can indeed respond in a coordinated fashion to chemical information even when the
signal molecules are generated by only a subset
of the cells.
They're what gives the device its ability to decode the
complex «language»
of the brain, expressed through the electrical
signals of large groups
of neurons.
University
of California, Santa Barbara, PhD student Emily Ellis and her colleagues in the laboratory
of Dr. Todd Oakley are interested in the evolution
of complex traits, particularly those related to vision and visual
signaling.
Because traditional rigid implanted probes are invariably unstable, he explained, researchers and clinicians rely on decoding what they call the «population average» — essentially taking a host
of neural
signals and applying
complex computational tools to determine what they mean.
Just a day after fertilization, embryonic brains begin sending
signals to far - off places in the body, helping oversee the layout
of complex patterns
of muscles and nerve fibers.
To unravel the
complex signaling pathway map, the scientists used their own findings from the analysis
of factors regulated up or down in the interplay between tissue and stem cells, linking them with the
signaling pathways described in existing literature.
The NIST synapse's combination
of small size, superfast spiking
signals, low energy needs and 3 - D stacking capability could provide the means for a far more
complex neuromorphic system than has been demonstrated with other technologies, according to the paper.
The first signs
of life on another planet may not be a
complex signal captured by an antenna or images
of a scampering creature on the horizon, but a track left in long - dried mud.
Dr. Yaffe's research focuses on the biology
of the
complex signaling pathways that cells use to respond to DNA damage and inflammation, particularly the role
of protein kinases and modular binding domains in tumor development and anti-cancer therapeutics.
Achieving the goal
of improved wireless performance is particularly challenging indoors because
of the
complex interactions
of radio
signals with the environment.
Other advances that gave the researchers a clearer view
of the
signaling mechanisms reported in Science include CRISPR gene editing, live - cell imaging techniques, and more powerful ways to look at all components
of a protein
complex.
Using radio telescopes in Spain, France, and Australia, a team headed by researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy in Bonn, Germany, scanned the LMH for
signals in the precise wavelengths that would reveal the presence
of more
complex molecules.
The researchers identified dysfunctional brain mechanisms
of sustained attention using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging data and
complex modeling
of fMRI
signals.
At a minimum, the result is an incredibly
complex web
of cellular
signals that are constantly working together (or in opposition, as the case may be) to adjust the number and type
of proteins expressed in a cell and so, ultimately, the health
of the cell itself.
«These observations unmask the relevance
of primitive brain regions previously linked to eating to other
complex behaviors,» said lead author Marcelo Dietrich, M.D., assistant professor
of comparative medicine and neurobiology and a member
of the Yale Program in Integrative Cell
Signaling and Neurobiology
of Metabolism at Yale School
of Medicine.
But whether all the
signaling is part
of a
complex mating system or some other form
of behavior entirely remains to be seen, he added.