In such cases
of the simplest organisms, they may respond sympathetically to (or feel) their nearest equal neighbors in a community - like relationship.
The cyber moth joins the esteemed ranks
of simple organisms hitched to robots, including slime mold, a detached eel brain and the cockroach.
Winston covers all the bases, from Lamarck «s notions on the origins
of simple organisms through to the intricacies of genetics, and he also touches on speciation, shrinking biodiversity, genetic drift, even the ethics of selecting «desirable» traits in your children.
plasmodium A form within the life cycle
of some simple organisms such as slime molds, typically consisting of a mass of naked protoplasm containing many nuclei.
Not exact matches
The DNA programming required to create life capable
of replicating in even the most
simple single celled
organism is far far more complex than anything mankind has ever built.
No there is a mountain
of evidence for evolution: geographic distribution, tree
of life,
simpler organisms are older, inheritance, DNA, etc. and no evidence for creationism — unless you've seen a woman created from the rib
of a man.
Then, as a result
of genetic duplication, random selection and the environment, those
simple life forms * evolved * into slightly more complex
organisms.
All an evolutionary storyteller has to do is to start with the apparently
simplest version, ignore the neural equipment that has to be present for an
organism to make any use
of a «photon receptor,» and spin a charming tale about how a tiny primitive light - sensing cell might grow up to be a full - fledged eye.
Just as a mountain climber can not jump to the top
of the Matterhorn, a (relatively)
simple organism like a bacterium can not even conceivably become a complex plant or animal except in very gradual stages.
The consensus on the evolution
of primitive life is that
simple life forms (prokaryotes,
organisms whose cells lack a distinct nucleus) inhabited the Earth about 3 - 4 billion years ago, eukaryotic cells (those with a nucleus which contains the genetic material) emerging 2 - 3 billion years ago.
Recombinant DNA research has been done primarily on bacteria, one - celled
organisms smaller than animal or plant cells and
simpler in structure, yet capable
of very complex chemical activity.
In various experiments with various conditions, scientists have been able to create a wide range
of cell - like structures
of increasing complexity on the road toward a
simple self - replicating
organism.
I don't mean taking for granted things that are totally unproven, like the fundamental process
of complex
organisms spontaneously emerging from
simpler ones.
David Griffin, on the other hand, agrees with Leclerc that complex physical
organisms are more than
simple aggregates
of actual entities, but maintains at the same time that such a view is altogether consistent with Whitehead's philosophy.
I'll even offer observations - humans have manipulated existing
organisms dna, created new virus and bacteria, clone animals, and attempt to create new animals - yet
simple minded folks still reject the idea that another more intelligent creature might have done the same thing and created life on earth in the same fashion while at the same time acknowledging that there is a strong likelihood
of other life existing in this universe - talk about being dumbed down and arrogant.
@Fred Moore,»... like the fundamental process
of complex
organisms spontaneously emerging from
simpler ones.
Genetic diversity, survival
of the fittest and the propensity
of organisms to produce offspring that resemble themselves are all pretty
simple concepts.
We anticipate some sort
of growth toward increased complexity: increasingly larger organic macromolecules, then the convergence
of many macromolecules to constitute a
simple living system, either as a cell with its protective wall and vital nucleus or as some functional analogue, then the convergence
of many cells to form larger
organisms.
Nature works at every level to produce more complex and highly organised systems and
organisms from much
simpler components: this is the theory proposed and investigated by this collection
of essays.
In vegetables and perhaps in very
simple animals no such dominant occasion occurs, but in the higher
organisms, especially where a fully developed central nervous system and brain is found, there is strong indication
of centralized control
of many aspects
of the animals behavior.
With the increase in complexity new entities emerge — the classical world out
of the quantum world, molecules and chemical processes out
of atomic structures,
simple living
organisms out
of complex molecular structures.
If the material encasement be coarse and
simple, as in the lower
organisms, it permits only a little intelligence to permeate through it; if it is delicate and complex, it leaves more pores and exits, as it were, for the manifestations
of consciousness....
The arrangement
of the world's occasions into an array
of aggregates,
organisms, and societies ranging from the subatomic to the galactic, from the
simple to the complex, has no limits.
This is just one example
of the many problems that must be overcome in order to find a «natural» explanation for the evolution
of complex
organisms from
simpler ones.
DE: This seems to me to be what his philosophy
of organism should have gone for, and when he said he was trying to make this a bridge notion between the biological and physical sciences, I think the link is in his notion
of the «non-uniform object»
of which the
simplest example is the wave.
He reminds us that science is still ignorant
of the chemical pathways that wonderfully allowed the inert chemicals
of the earth's early history to form the more complex chemicals needed by even the
simplest living
organisms.
Indeed, modern ecosystems depend on the persistence
of bacteria and fungi and other relatively very
simple and archaic life forms to break down dead
organisms and recycle nutrients.
,
simple processes
of interchange among living
organisms, and operations
of human and nonhuman consciousness.
While some
of the metamorphoses that DO occur in nature, eg caterpillar into butterfly or tadpole into frog, are as spectacular or arguably even more spectacular than your fish to frog morph, the
simple fact is that evolution doesn't happen to individual
organisms.
If there is no God, then naturalism is all that remains, the evolution
of man from
simpler organisms over billions
of years.
Where to start with this one... For one those that believe Evolution and Big Bang Theory, you are really gonna believe that we once were
simple one - celled or only a few celled
organisms and through a series
of mutations over millions
of years that we are what we are today?
What all these have in common is that, without any central control, individual units (genes, cells neurons or workers) respond to
simple, local information, in ways that allow the whole system (cells, brains,
organisms or colonies) to function: the appropriate number
of units performs each activity at the appropriate time.
In the
simplest case, the colony evolved into
organisms made
of cells that were mediocre at both tasks.
Microbial geneticists Paul Rainey and Michael Travisano
of Oxford University wanted to examine diversification in
simpler organisms within the confines
of the lab.
The sea sponge may seem like an odd choice for genomic research considering that its
simple body lacks muscles, organs, and nerve cells, but the creature provides a wealth
of information on how multicellular
organism arose.
Hartman suggested in 1984 that the nucleus arose when a hypothetical cell that stored its genetic information as RNA instead
of DNA and possessed a
simple cytoskeleton became the host for an archaeal
organism.
New research presented at the European Planetary Science Congress at UCL aims to answer the final question,
of whether entry and impact is survivable for
simple organisms.
That might not sound like much but populations
of many
simple organisms can number in the trillions, with new generations appearing every hour or less.
The complexity
of mammals led Kandel to try to find a
simpler organism to use in his studies.
Scientists knew that fruit flies, cockroaches, and other
simple organisms have sensory processors that resemble a cortex, but these were «always interpreted as a striking example
of convergent evolution
of unrelated structures,» says molecular biologist Raju Tomer, who led the study at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Germany.
Using the freshwater polyp Hydra as a model
organism, the Kiel - based researchers and their international colleagues investigated how the
simple nervous system
of these animals interacts with the microbiome.
To explain how his hypothetical code - script might work — it had to be extremely complicated because it involved «all the future development
of the
organism» — Schrödinger resorted to some
simple mathematics to show how the variety
of different molecules found in an
organism could be encoded.
The group has built a
simple electronic circuit that is capable
of the same «intelligent» behaviour as Physarum, a unicellular
organism — and say this could help us understand the origins
of primitive intelligence.
To trace the molecular basis
of memory, Kandel was using the sea slug Aplysia, a neurologically
simple organism that contains only perhaps 20,000 neurons, many
of them quite large.
From analysis
of protein and DNA sequences in a large number
of modern
organisms, Trifonov and his colleagues Alexander Berman and Eugene Kolker have discovered what they think is a legacy
of this
simple form
of genetic material.
Simpler kinds
of living
organisms came first, and it took hundreds
of millions
of years
of evolution on Earth to progress from single - celled life forms to complex
organisms like ourselves.
Most are microscopic and unicellular, with a relatively
simple cell structure lacking a cell nucleus, and organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts.Bacteria are the most abundant
of all
organisms.
Collins said that because Hydra is such a
simple animal and because it is able to regenerate after complete dissociation into individual cells, it offers researchers the opportunity to use similar techniques as the ones employed in their experiments to examine how an
organism develops from an unstructured group
of cells into a complex body plan.
A
simple organism with only a sliver
of RNA couldn't possibly build such a complicated container for itself.
Though little is known about Loki, scientists hope that it will help to resolve one
of biology's biggest mysteries: how life transformed from
simple single - celled
organisms to the menagerie
of complex life known as eukaryotes — a category that includes everything from yeast to azaleas to elephants.