Sentences with phrase «of small numbers of genes»

Until then, the evidence for the existence of a new biological domain had been largely based on studies of small numbers of genes.

Not exact matches

Frankencell J. Craig Venter's attempt to create an artificial cell containing the smallest possible number of essential genes.

For a very small number of genes, though, people inherit only one working copy; the other copy is turned off, forever silenced.

Standard forms of CRISPR gene drives, as the tools are called, can make tweaked DNA race through a population so easily that a small number of stray animals or plants could spread it to new territory, predicts a...

Standard forms of CRISPR gene drives, as the tools are called, can make tweaked DNA race through a population so easily that a small number of stray animals or plants could spread it to new territory, predicts a computer simulation released November 16 at bioRxiv.org.

The Duke researchers who made this discovery say it may help explain how a relatively small number of genes can create the dazzling array of different cell types found in human brains and the nervous systems in other animals.

«The human brain is phenomenally complex, so it is quite surprising that a small number of patterns can explain most of the gene variability across the brain,» says Christof Koch, Ph.D., President and Chief Scientific Officer at the Allen Institute for Brain Science.

«The number of protein functions that are currently targeted by drugs is incredibly small compared to the total number of protein interactions that could be targeted for therapeutic benefit,» says Geoffrey Wahl, a professor in Salk's Gene Expression Laboratory.

The challenge was to explain how genes act lawfully, and cause organisms to behave lawfully, while being composed of a very small number of atoms, a significant proportion of which may be behaving unlawfully.

Image courtesy of iStockphoto / digitalskillet Whether or not you will live past 70 depends on a seemingly infinite number of small variables: genes, lifestyle, whether or not you are hit by a bus, etcetera.

Furthermore, the small number of published gene sequences limits the accuracy of the identification methods.

This appears to be the case: the greater the number of risk genes a person possessed, the smaller the volume of their hippocampus — regardless of whether they were a high - risk study participant or a patient.

Taking their cue from nature, where structurally well - defined biopolymers are the norm, e.g. in DNA and genes where slight variations to the order of a small number of organic molecules gives rise to the diverse spectrum of life, they have developed a self - sorting strategy that regulates the order molecules take when forming long chain polymers.

2006 Shinya Yamanaka identifies and activates a small number of mouse genes in the cells of connective tissue, showing they can be reprogrammed to behave like immature stem cells.

Nestler: It's, to a first level of approximation, it's simple and straightforward, that there are a set number of modifications that could be made to the DNA itself or to the proteins that bind to DNA and control its structure, and activity and that those small number of modifications either turn a gene on or off.

Neanderthal genetic material is found in only small amounts in the genomes of modern humans because, after interbreeding, natural selection removed large numbers of weakly deleterious Neanderthal gene variants, according to a study by Ivan Juric and colleagues at the University of California, Davis, published November 8th, 2016 in PLOS Genetics.

The organism uses a surprisingly small number of genes to produce its cellulose - munching enzymes.

In fact there was a weak suggestion that children of mums with the «low alcohol» gene actually had better balance, although the numbers were too small to show this reliably.

Some of these genes control both cardiovascular development and skeletal development, suggesting the intriguing possibility that the giraffe's stature and turbocharged cardiovascular system evolved in concert through changes in a small number of genes.

A small number of known genes, it is thought, account for nearly 50 percent of pigment variation.

They found additional changes to the small number of genes carried within the mitochondria, the cell's powerhouses.

By working closely with the KhoeSan, a group of populations indigenous to southern Africa, the researchers have found that the genetics of skin pigmentation become progressively complex as populations reside closer to the equator, with an increasing number of genes — known and unknown — involved, each making a smaller overall contribution.

«People with the three gene versions believed to encourage depression had a smaller hippocampus than those with fewer or none of these gene versions, even though they had the same number of stressful life events,» says study leader Lukas Pezawas, describing the results.

However, because of the extremely small effect size of the BD risk (i.e., odds ratio ~ 1.2), Prof. Nakao Iwata says, «a large number of risk genes are still unidentified.

The number of genes differentially expressed in tissue samples from the two groups turned out to be surprisingly small — just 14 in all.

Two years ago, the Office of the Gene Technology Regulator granted CSIRO permission to test the variety in a short - term trial in a small number of volunteers.

American geneticist Calvin Bridges discovered copy number variation in 1936, when he noticed that flies that inherit a duplicate copy of a gene called Bar develop very small eyes.

Because many of the genes influencing facial morphology are likely to have small effects, successfully mapping a large number of these genes will require much greater sample sizes and a more comprehensive approach to quantifying facial features of interest.»

Genetic factors are clearly indicated as evidenced by dominant mutations in three different genes have been identified that account for the small number of cases of familial, early - onset AD.

Previously, genetic counselors tested a small number of genes sequentially based on family profile and tumor analysis until the culprit was identified.

And instead of just several types of brick, it turned out that there were dozens of smaller variations within each type of brick, represented by the many slightly differing copy numbers in the gene.

While circulating tumor DNA tests targeting a smaller set of cancer genes are already available for use in routine practice to guide care, by covering a much larger number of cancer genes, this high - intensity sequencing approach may enable development of future tests for early detection of cancer.

One study, to be published online September 11 in Nature Communications, found that a much smaller number of genes than previously believed serve as the ignition switch for human embryo development.

The studies were based on a relatively small number of participants, and a selection of genes.

«We can't say we've found everything, but we can say that the genes we're seeing fall into a relatively small number of bins, some of which are familiar, some less so,» Hahn said.

The mice seem to develop normally when only one copy of the gene is removed, but microscopic inspection reveals a number of small «gaps,» or disorganized regions of tissue (on the scale of a few nanometers) on their aortas, the largest artery in their bodies.

Offspring that inherited the triplicated genes and the genetic susceptibility to cancer had only half the number of intestinal tumors as their cancer - prone parents, and the tumors that did develop were smaller, the team reports in the 3 January issue of Nature.

But after analyzing the Hofstenia transcriptome, the team determined that the three - banded panther worm and planarians are only very distantly related, a view that had been proposed based on analyses with sequences from a small number of genes.

As it results in a smaller number of melatonin receptors, the risk variant of the gene can cause weaker natural melatonin signalling, one of the regulatory mechanisms in stabilising the circadian rhythm.

In exploring the purpose of this maternal information in fetal development, focus so far has been on a small number of genes termed «imprinted genes».

The branch uniting the fungi and animals is well - supported based on a number of molecular phylogenetic datasets, including the nuclear small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (Wainwright et al., 1993; Bruns et al. 1993), unique and shared sequence insertions in proteins such as elongation factor 1α (Baldauf and Palmer, 1993), entire mitochondrial genomes (Lang et al., 2002), and concatenated protein - coding genes (Steenkamp et al., 2006).

(D) The average number of somatic hypermutations in the pandemic H1N1 patient plasmablast variable region genes compared with primary IgG plasmablast responses to vaccinia (small pox) or the anthrax vaccine, or after at least 4 boosters with the anthrax vaccine.

A small number of mice were likely already carrying the genes that protect against heavy metals or infectious diseases.

While at the Basel Institute for Immunology in Switzerland, he published a theory — first seen as heretical, then brilliant — that immune cells reshuffle their DNA to create millions of different antibodies from a small number of genes.

A small number of tomcod carried this gene variant before this region of the Hudson River became heavily polluted with PCBs.

The large number of DNA samples brought together in this study may enable the researchers to detect genes whose individual effects in the disorder may be small but may still play a role.

But Reid cautioned that the small patient sample and the small number of genes analyzed means that the results should be considered preliminary until a larger study is done.

The software, called DECoN, accurately and quickly detects changes in copy number of blocks of DNA called exons, by analysing sequencing data already generated to identify smaller gene changes.

This knowledge, which will only be rapidly obtainable in the model organisms, will allow the reduction of most of the approximately 70,000 individual genes encoded by the human genome into a much smaller number of multicomponent, core processes of known biochemical function.

The microbe's small genome and small number of genes could make it easier to genetically engineer.