Sentences with phrase «of smoking initiation»

In long - term friendships that were established before the typical age of smoking initiation, nonsmokers may monitor each other and to greater extent sanction the uptake of smoking.

A prospective test of distal and proximal determinants of smoking initiation in early adolescents

Anti-smoking socialisation effects were measured on the parent survey in the following categories: (1) parental self efficacy regarding smoking prevention; (2) parental self disclosure of smoking history and experience with addiction; (3) parental explication of negative consequences for initiation of smoking; (4) parental reinforcement of child's abstinence; (5) effort by parent to counter pro-smoking influence from media; (6) effort by parent to counter pro-smoking influence from peers; (7) parental monitoring of smoking initiation by children and friends; (8) parental effort to reduce child's exposure to tobacco smoke in the home; (9) parental action to establish social contracts against smoking with children.

However, as shown in the conceptual framework of the hypothesis, environmental and individual factors do not act directly on age at smoking initiation independent of each other, but rather, various factors are believed to interact to decrease the age of smoking initiation in adolescence.

«We found that both direct mail [coupons] and exposure to tobacco websites were associated with increased chances of smoking initiation and current smoking.»

Not exact matches

Initiation of breastfeeding in all studies is quite high, around 90 %, although in some sub-populations, especially among socially disadvantaged and smoking women, the initiation rate is mInitiation of breastfeeding in all studies is quite high, around 90 %, although in some sub-populations, especially among socially disadvantaged and smoking women, the initiation rate is minitiation rate is much lower.

Carrying case notes may also lead to little or no difference in miscarriages, stillbirths or neonatal deaths, breastfeeding initiation, smoking cessation, or in availability of complete antenatal records at the time of delivery or the loss of case notes (low - certainty evidence).

Serum phosphorus was a significant predictor of progression to the study end point of dialysis initiation (HR 1.44, 95 % CI 10.7 - 1.93), even after controlling for age, sex, race, smoking status, diabetic status, BMI, and other biomarkers.

Modeling was used in the evaluation of initiation, duration, maternal age, income, household composition, employment, marital status, postpartum depression, preterm birth, smoking, belief that «breast is best,» family history of breastfeeding, and in - hospital formula introduction.

A new study by researchers at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health and the City University of New York reports that cannabis use was associated with an increased initiation of cigarette smoking among non-cigarette smokers.

Researchers at the University of California, Riverside have found that thirdhand - smoke (THS) exposure has a significant effect on health as early as one month after initiation of exposure — an effect that worsens with time.

Association of electronic cigarette use with initiation of combustible tobacco product smoking in early adolescence.

An assessment of causal inference in smoking initiation research and a framework for future research

For example, the authors state that, in addition to medical interventions, «public health initiatives against smoking, and promoting screening for breast and colon cancers, led to the initiation of U.S. cancer mortality reductions in 1990,» but of course such crucial public health activities are largely outside the domain of NIH.

Kitayama [9] stated that smoking initiation is strongly linked to the particular feelings, thinking, and behavior patterns of adolescents, suggesting that smoking in adolescence may start from specific psychological characteristics.

The only factor directly affecting early smoking initiation was inadequate knowledge of the dangers of smoking.

Attitudes toward E-Cigarettes, Reasons for Initiating E-Cigarette Use, and Changes in Smoking Behavior after Initiation: A Pilot Longitudinal Study of Regular Cigarette Smokers

The objective of this study was to develop a causal model for factors related to smoking initiation in adolescence and early smoking initiation.

The only factor in the selected model that showed a significant direct correlation with early smoking initiation was inadequate knowledge of the dangers of smoking.

The other factors — self - disgust, growing up in an inappropriate home environment, reduction of norms consciousness for adolescents» smoking and perception of smoking as stress relief — were not directly associated with early smoking initiation.

We utilized the main concepts of social cognitive theory and devised a hypothesis of the relationships between the environment, individual factors, and early smoking initiation based on the interactions between these factors (Figure 1).

From the child's perspective, anti-smoking socialisation involves internalisation of attitudinal and behavioural norms against smoking initiation, acceptance of parental monitoring of smoking, expectations of negative consequences for trying smoking, and expectations of positive consequences for not smoking.

Because R - rated movie restriction and exposure to movie smoking are closely linked and because both predict lower risk of trying smoking, we suggest that the effect of movie restriction on smoking initiation is mediated through lower exposure to movie smoking.

These complementary effects included significant increases in parent — child communication about peer and media influences, in parental monitoring of smoking by children and friends, in parental specification of the disciplinary consequences of initiation, and in parental use of reinforcement to strengthen children's abstinence from smoking.

We used the following standardized definitions for smoking behaviors28, 29: early smoking initiation as regularly smoking cigarettes by 14 years of age; ever smoked as having smoked at least 100 cigarettes; smoking at the time of the survey as current smokers; and heavy smoking as currently smoking 20 or more cigarettes per day.

Longitudinally, frequency of communication about smoking was again positively associated with smoking initiation, but only for girls (OR = 1.30, 95 % CI = 1.03 — 1.64, P < 0.05).

Differential influence of parental smoking and friends» smoking on adolescent initiation and escalation of smoking

This study investigated effects of anti-smoking parenting practices on adolescent smoking initiation by explaining the role of smoking - specific cognitions in this process.

Results for Full Model of Initiation of Smoking According to Parental R - Rated Movie Restrictions and Children's Sensation Seeking

It is not immediately clear why the measures of childhood SES that predict smoking are different for initiation, regular use, and cessation.

Cigarette use was based on items from the smoking module of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS), administered to subjects in adulthood by trained interviewers.34 Transitions through stages of cigarette use were assessed via retrospectively reported ages at initiation, regular use, and cessation.

As in both cross-sectional regression analyses of smoking on parenting practices, communication about the health risks of breathing in smoke at T1 was related to lower levels on smoking initiation at T2, but only for girls (OR = 0.37, 95 % CI = 0.19 — 0.73, P < 0.01).

For simplicity, pathways for the covariates, stability pathways between baseline and 24 - month follow - up evaluations, and extra lagged paths from the repeated measurements of R - rated movie restrictions and sensation seeking with respect to smoking initiation at later time intervals are not displayed.

Studies link tobacco use to reductions in breastfeeding initiation and duration, meaning that infants of mothers who smoke are less likely to enjoy the health benefits of being breastfed.47 Relatedly, exposure to secondhand smoke increases children's risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) during the first 12 months of life.

For example, the complete - case analysis implies that later initiation of smoking is negatively associated with emotional strength and positively associated with functional impairment.

The strong association between the initiation of smoking and peer - group smoking during adolescence has prompted numerous studies to examine the possible causal links between individuals» and peers» smoking behavior [1 — 4].

We used data from the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study19 to estimate the strength of the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and 5 smoking behaviors: early smoking initiation, smoking initiation as an adult, ever smoking, current smoking, and heavy smoking.

Compared with those reporting no adverse childhood experiences, persons reporting 5 or more categories had substantially higher risks of early smoking initiation (odds ratio [OR], 5.4; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 4.1 - 7.1), ever smoking (OR, 3.1; 95 % CI, 2.6 - 3.8), current smoking (OR, 2.1; 95 % CI, 1.6 - 2.7), and heavy smoking (OR, 2.8; 95 % CI, 1.9 - 4.2).

Such assistance includes recognition of the use of nicotine to modulate problems with affect, treatment of the residua of these adverse childhood experiences, and the use of nicotine replacement therapy57 or antidepressant medications.58 These efforts could contribute substantially to the reestablishment of the historical downward trends in smoking initiation and smoking prevalence in the United States.

Because adverse childhood experiences are common and strongly associated with smoking initiation, preventing their occurrence56 and early identification and treatment of children exposed to them may reduce smoking initiation among adolescents.