I am still not convinced that reflectivity of water at 24 degrees would be equal to
that of snow and ice at the same angle.
But also keep in mind that Lambeck et al (2002) have suggested that loss of permanent ice over the Arctic Sea at the end of the last interglacial allowed for increased accumulation
of snow and ice at high latitudes because of the increased amount of moisture available.
With Europe pretty much devoid
of snow and ice at this time of the year, Land Rover put Jami, the lead dog, in to the back of the Disco Sport and took him off to the underground Vesileppis Ski Tunnel in Finland to meet the rest of the team (read that as the Discovery Sport is very dog - friendly).
Not exact matches
I've been keeping busy, preparing for classes that were supposed to start yesterday, reading a book for a review due
at the end
of the month, shoveling the driveway (the first one on the block to do so, with the only emulator being the ex-Marine across the street),
and watching DVDs we rented in anticipation
of the great blizzard
of 2011 (8 inches
of snow and ice!).
This fall, a Ph.D. student
at UC Irvine tweeted a graph
of data collected by the National
Snow and Ice Data Center that sparked a firestorm
of debate.
Still, we have great heaps
of the stuff
at last, fluffy
and absolutely perfect for making
snow ice cream.
Pour contents into a 8 x 12 ″, or similarly sized, pan / Carefully place in a secure, level spot in the freezer / Freeze for 1 — 2 hours / Remove from freezer
and scrape, smash
and stir mixture with a fork, breaking into small icey bits / Return to the freezer
and repeat this process three more times, every 30 minutes / Granita should be done
at this point, coarse bits
of ice, about like a
snow cone / Place granita in container, cover
and freeze until ready to use.
That picture
of Tenzing Norgay — the second man atop Everest
and Hillary's Nepali climbing partner — with one leg in a huge
snow boot cocked up on the
ice, being captured by someone behind the camera who somehow did not care about taking a selfie
at the top.
Of course you'll probably have to watch Frozen for the 217402347th consecutive night in a row but hey,
at least it sticks with the
snow day theme
and if Frozen on
Ice comes to town you'll probably have a decent shot being cast as Elsa considering how many times «Let it Go» has gotten stuck in your head.
Caves extend up to 70 feet deep, with some retaining
ice and snow well into the middle
of summer, while the edge
of the limestone cliffs
at the Scenic Caves has views
of the Georgian Bay
and countryside that span 10,000 kilometers.
We visited the Scenic Caves about two years ago in June — we were fascinated to see
ice and snow still
at the bottom
of the caves.
Terry Schwartz recently stared out
of his office window
at the Skokie Playfield, its mud surface covered with
ice and snow,
and remembered the summer flood
of 2011.
Molinaro treated Dutchess County Department
of Public Works (DPW) employees to a special luncheon yesterday
at the DPW highway garage as a thank you to the more than 120 DPW employees who worked tirelessly last week during the Nor» easter to perform
snow and ice removal operations to ensure continued safe travel throughout Dutchess County for residents
and emergency personnel.
Snow falls lightly
at the poles, but as each year's accumulation is compressed into
ice, it encases chemical hallmarks
of the atmosphere
and climate, including traces
of major eruptions.
The Dry Valleys are a line
of nearly
snow -
and ice - free valleys in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet at the edge of the Ross Ice She
ice - free valleys in the West Antarctic
Ice Sheet at the edge of the Ross Ice She
Ice Sheet
at the edge
of the Ross
Ice She
Ice Shelf.
Mote was one
of 12 lead authors on a chapter
of the fifth Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report looking
at the cryosphere, which is comprised
of snow, river
and lake
ice, sea
ice, glaciers,
ice sheets
and frozen ground.
Dust found in the
ice gives a record
of what was in the air thousands
of years ago, whether from volcanic eruptions or human activity,
and the isotopic composition
of the hydrogen
and oxygen molecules in the
snow give a record
of the temperature
of the earth
at the time.
In an analysis, the National
Snow and Ice Data Center said the sea ice extent as of Sept. 16 was 2 million square miles, an amount just below revised estimates for 2009, the former sixth place finisher, said Julienen Stroeve, a scientist at the cent
Ice Data Center said the sea
ice extent as of Sept. 16 was 2 million square miles, an amount just below revised estimates for 2009, the former sixth place finisher, said Julienen Stroeve, a scientist at the cent
ice extent as
of Sept. 16 was 2 million square miles, an amount just below revised estimates for 2009, the former sixth place finisher, said Julienen Stroeve, a scientist
at the center.
«In the last stages, it was like a stack
of dominoes,» says Ted Scambos, a glaciologist
at the University
of Colorado's National
Snow and Ice Data Center.
The Antarctic Peninsula holds only a small fraction
of the continent's
ice, but it is «a natural laboratory,» says Theodore Scambos, a glaciologist at the National Snow and Ice Data Center in Boulder, Colo. «It's the trailer for the movie that's going to unfold over the rest of Antarctica for the next 50 to 100 years.&raq
ice, but it is «a natural laboratory,» says Theodore Scambos, a glaciologist
at the National
Snow and Ice Data Center in Boulder, Colo. «It's the trailer for the movie that's going to unfold over the rest of Antarctica for the next 50 to 100 years.&raq
Ice Data Center in Boulder, Colo. «It's the trailer for the movie that's going to unfold over the rest
of Antarctica for the next 50 to 100 years.»
The existence
of the pole had been known, but the inhospitable landscape presented a barrier until Amundsen's party made the dangerous trek across
ice and snow to stand
at the geographical South Pole on this day a century ago.
Rasmussen has analysed meteorological data from the time
of the accident
and he estimates that
snow was falling on the plane
at the rate
of 2.5 millimetres per hour — fast enough to coat the plane's wings with enough
ice to cause a crash.
Pettersen's approach involved studying the types
of clouds that result in
snow on the
ice sheet,
and examining the distinct paths these clouds take before they produce
snow at Summit Station, a longstanding research station located in the middle
of Greenland.
While Arrhenius appears to have been wrong about the temperature effect on the Antarctic, scientists today have found strong evidence for what they now call Arctic amplification in the North Pole, said Mark Serreze, the director
of the National
Snow and Ice Data Center
at the University
of Colorado, Boulder.
The findings back up a body
of data suggesting that «the effects
of global [warming] will be seen first,
and will be most pronounced, in the arctic region,» says Mark Serreze, an arctic climatologist
at the National
Snow and Ice Data Center in Boulder, Colorado.
But, as scientists including National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Administrator Jane Lubchenco said today
at a press conference
at the American Geophysical Union's fall meeting, record - setting melting happened anyway: record
snow melt, record sea
ice minimum, melting even
at the top
of the Greenland
ice sheet (in what was once called the «dry
snow zone»),
and widespread warming
of permafrost.
«It may even be possible to predict sea
ice cover a year in advance with high - quality observations
of sea
ice thickness
and snow cover over the whole Arctic,» said Cecilia Bitz, co-author
and professor
of atmospheric sciences
at the University
of Washington.
Hundreds
of ice cores taken from around the world will be stored for several centuries in a
snow cave
at -54 °C in Antarctica,
at the Concordia station, which is run by the French Polar Institute (IPEV)
and the Italian Antarctic Research program (PNRA).
David Ullman, a postdoctoral researcher
at Oregon State University
and lead author on the study, said there are two mechanisms through which
ice sheets diminish — dynamically, from the jettisoning
of icebergs
at the fringes, or by a negative «surface mass balance,» which compares the amount
of snow accumulation relative to melting.
Scientists
at the National
Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), University College London, University of New Hampshire and University of Washington analyzed 300 summer Arctic sea ice forecasts from 2008 to 2013 and found that forecasts are quite accurate when sea ice conditions are close to the downward trend that has been observed in Arctic sea ice for the last 30 yea
Ice Data Center (NSIDC), University College London, University
of New Hampshire
and University
of Washington analyzed 300 summer Arctic sea
ice forecasts from 2008 to 2013 and found that forecasts are quite accurate when sea ice conditions are close to the downward trend that has been observed in Arctic sea ice for the last 30 yea
ice forecasts from 2008 to 2013
and found that forecasts are quite accurate when sea
ice conditions are close to the downward trend that has been observed in Arctic sea ice for the last 30 yea
ice conditions are close to the downward trend that has been observed in Arctic sea
ice for the last 30 yea
ice for the last 30 years.
When it's 20 below, Dr. Michael Twiss, professor
at Clarkson University, has been known to clear the
snow and lie down on the thick
ice of a frozen lake
and stare up
at the Northern Lights.
Drawing on odd, icy - looking landforms in earlier images, he
and colleagues proposed in 2003 that in the geologic past,
snow - fed glaciers
and ice fields had covered much
of the lower latitudes
of Mars
at the expense
of the polar
ice caps (Science, 11 April 2003, p. 234).
Director
of the National
Snow and Ice Data Center
at the University
of Colorado
at Boulder, Serreze spoke to DISCOVER about the future
of the place he loves.
«Within a few months»
of a breakup, explains glaciologist Ted Scambos
of the National
Snow and Ice Data Center at the University of Colorado at Boulder, the glacier «accelerates significantly, and within a year or two, it can be moving [toward the ocean] up to four times as fast as it moved when the ice shelf was intact.&raq
Ice Data Center
at the University
of Colorado
at Boulder, the glacier «accelerates significantly,
and within a year or two, it can be moving [toward the ocean] up to four times as fast as it moved when the
ice shelf was intact.&raq
ice shelf was intact.»
Moon started back as a researcher
at CU Boulder's National
Snow and Ice Data Center, part
of CIRES, May 1.
Snow and cold air enter the caves through openings
at the top
and are then unable to escape, creating a refrigerated environment in which some
of the walls
and floors become covered in solid
ice.
Using an instrument called a mass spectrometer, scientists could peer
at molecules
of ice and learn the temperature on the day that the
snow fell.
This year «will without a doubt» rank in the top five lowest levels
of ice extent ever recorded in the satellite era, and there is a good possibility that 2013 could rank second in terms of recorded ice lows, said Walt Meier, a scientist at the National Snow & Ice Data Cent
ice extent ever recorded in the satellite era,
and there is a good possibility that 2013 could rank second in terms
of recorded
ice lows, said Walt Meier, a scientist at the National Snow & Ice Data Cent
ice lows, said Walt Meier, a scientist
at the National
Snow &
Ice Data Cent
Ice Data Center.
Here,
at the West Antarctic
Ice Sheet Divide, Kendrick Taylor and his team of glaciologists drill into ancient ice to pull up ice cores, which trap bubbles of the atmosphere from the time that ice fell as sn
Ice Sheet Divide, Kendrick Taylor
and his team
of glaciologists drill into ancient
ice to pull up ice cores, which trap bubbles of the atmosphere from the time that ice fell as sn
ice to pull up
ice cores, which trap bubbles of the atmosphere from the time that ice fell as sn
ice cores, which trap bubbles
of the atmosphere from the time that
ice fell as sn
ice fell as
snow.
The beginning
of the last glacial period was characterized in the Northern hemisphere by significant accumulation
of snow at high latitudes
and the formation
of a huge polar
ice sheet.
The National
Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) is part
of the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences
at the University
of Colorado Boulder.
At its height between 1960
and 1980, Polyarka was staffed by more than fifty working scientists, engineers,
and technicians focused on measurements
of surface weather,
snow depth, sea
ice,
and conditions in the upper atmosphere.
New research suggests that water came from melting
snow and ice present
at the time
of the crater - forming impact.
In the past 15 years, the oceans have warmed, the amount
of snow and ice has diminished
and sea levels have risen, explains Lisa Goddard, an expert in climate variability
at Columbia University.
Forget
snow and ice — it's time to think summer
at the University
of Michigan Medical School for college students interested in medical science careers.
With the albedo
of older
snow and ice at about 0.6, the open ocean will absorb more heat than the
ice capped ocean.
One example that I wasn't previously aware
of, were the climate events
of 536 AD — «dry fogs», crop failures, «dim suns»
and yellow
snow etc. — features consistent with a large volcanic eruption, possibly near the site
of Krakatoa —
and which correlates with evidence
of a sulphate peak in the North GRIP
ice core
at the same time.
AWS AIR, AWS GUN — Simon Steffen
of Swiss Institute for Forests,
Snow and Ice (WSL)
of a new Automatic Weather Station
at the Romnoes Blue Icefield, donated to the International Polar Foundation by the University
of Colorado
and WSL in Zurich.
The new estimates are reasonable considering the rates
of glacier change scientists are seeing
at the moment, says Dr Ted Scambos, lead scientist
at the National
Snow and Ice Data Center, who wasn't involved in the study.
The space agency is launching these missions
at a time when decades
of observations from the ground, air,
and space have revealed signs
of change in Earth's
ice sheets, sea
ice, glaciers,
snow cover
and permafrost.