18 «Snowflake» Bentley took the first photographs
of snow crystals in 1885 by attaching a bellows camera to a microscope and manipulating his frozen subjects with a severed turkey wing.
The
metamorphism of snow crystals into firn and eventually ice occurs as the weight of overlying material causes crystals to settle deform, and recrystallize, leading to an overall increase in unit density.
The metamorphism
of snow crystals into firn and eventually ice occurs as the weight of overlying material causes crystals to settle deform, and recrystallize, leading to an overall increase in unit density.
His microscopic photos on display in his latest book, Snowflakes from Voyageur Press, show the intricate
variety of snow crystals, and reveal the rigorous laws of nature that shape them.
Libbrecht has traveled from Fairbanks, Alaska, to a research station above the Arctic Circle in northern Sweden to study the
formation of snow crystals.
When the temperature beneath a
layer of snow crystals is significantly higher than the temperature above, ice from crystals lower in the snowpack sublimes — that is, vaporizes directly without melting — and then refreezes onto overlying crystals.
Wergin and Erbe have imaged tens of
thousands of snow crystals from as nearby as the parking lot outside their Beltsville laboratory to as far as away as Alaska.
If the wind picks up, the risk will ease: High winds will pack a
pile of snow crystals together tightly, making the snowpack sturdier.
Now that the depths of winter have arrived, we're hoping these up - close
images of snow crystals will rekindle your affection for winter's gift — which keeps giving, and giving.
The molecular structure
of snow crystals also emits energy back into the sky on clear nights — which serves to cool the snowpack.
The two most common surface
orientations of snow crystals are those shown: the six - sided face parallel to the layers of water molecules is called the basal face, and the rectangular faces are called prism faces.