Räisänen, P., Makkonen, R., Kirkevåg, A., and Debernard, J. B.: Effects
of snow grain shape on climate simulations: sensitivity tests with the Norwegian Earth System Model, The Cryosphere, 11, 2919 - 2942, doi: 10.5194 / tc -11-2919-2017, 2017.
I have also studied, for example, the effects
of snow grain shape on the reflection of solar radiation by snow, and the effects of subgrid - scale cloud features (clouds too small to be resolved by a climate model) on radiative transfer.
Räisänen, P., Makkonen, R., Kirkevåg, A., and Debernard, J. B.: Effects
of snow grain shape on climate simulations: sensitivity tests with the Norwegian Earth System Model, The Cryosphere, 11, 2919 - 2942, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-2919-2017, 2017.
Third, it can explicitly account for the large displacements and rearrangement
of the snow grains during deformation.
Two properties dominate reflectivity in dry snow — the size
of snow grains, which become larger and more absorbent as they melt, and the presence of dark impurities that absorb the sun's energy, predominantly black carbon and mineral dust, which also cause the snow to melt faster.
Snow consists
of snow grains with variable, often irregular shapes.
The first rainfall of the season causes metamorphosis
of the snow grains, whereby the snow becomes wet and individual snow grains become larger, which makes the snow less reflective.
Snow consists
of snow grains with variable, often irregular shapes.
Not exact matches
1 - 1/2 pound Flank Steak, Trimmed
Of Fat And Sliced Very Thin Against The Grain 1/2 cups Low Sodium Soy Sauce 3 Tablespoons Rice Wine Vinegar (or if you forget to buy this at the store, apple cider vinegar and a splash of white wine) 2 Tablespoons Brown Sugar 2 Tablespoons Cornstarch 1 Tablespoon Minced Fresh Ginger 8 ounce package of Snow Peas and Baby Corn 5 whole Scallions, Cut Into Half - inch Pieces On The Diagonal 3 Tablespoons Vegetable Oil Crushed Red Pepper, For Sprinkling Jasmine Or Long Grain Rice, Cooked According To Packa
Of Fat And Sliced Very Thin Against The
Grain 1/2 cups Low Sodium Soy Sauce 3 Tablespoons Rice Wine Vinegar (or if you forget to buy this at the store, apple cider vinegar and a splash
of white wine) 2 Tablespoons Brown Sugar 2 Tablespoons Cornstarch 1 Tablespoon Minced Fresh Ginger 8 ounce package of Snow Peas and Baby Corn 5 whole Scallions, Cut Into Half - inch Pieces On The Diagonal 3 Tablespoons Vegetable Oil Crushed Red Pepper, For Sprinkling Jasmine Or Long Grain Rice, Cooked According To Packa
of white wine) 2 Tablespoons Brown Sugar 2 Tablespoons Cornstarch 1 Tablespoon Minced Fresh Ginger 8 ounce package
of Snow Peas and Baby Corn 5 whole Scallions, Cut Into Half - inch Pieces On The Diagonal 3 Tablespoons Vegetable Oil Crushed Red Pepper, For Sprinkling Jasmine Or Long Grain Rice, Cooked According To Packa
of Snow Peas and Baby Corn 5 whole Scallions, Cut Into Half - inch Pieces On The Diagonal 3 Tablespoons Vegetable Oil Crushed Red Pepper, For Sprinkling Jasmine Or Long
Grain Rice, Cooked According To Package
For a complete meal, serve with sticky or long -
grain white rice and a steamed or stir - fried medley
of bell peppers, carrots,
snow pears, sliced baby corn and water chestnuts.
Estimated 10,000
snow geese and sprinkling
of honkers now in Salton Sea region, and Canadas are beginning to move into lower Colorado River sand bars and
grain fields.
Congelation ice, unlike «
snow ice,» grows slowly downward from the surface
of a calm lake in a vertical, column - like fashion with horizontal interlocking
grains
At the same time, as the
snow melts and refreezes, the
grains of snow get larger.
«When
snow first falls,
snow grains are quite small, and as snowpack ages, and particularly for warmer snowpack, you get consolidation
of those
grains into larger clumps,» said Sarah Doherty, a researcher at the University
of Washington who co-authored the paper.
Two possible ways that the inner solar system received water are: water molecules sticking to dust
grains inside the «
snow line» (as shown in the inset) and carbonaceous chondrite material flung into the inner solar system by the effect
of gravity from protoJupiter.
Nakamura, T., Abe, O., Hasegawa, T., Tamura, R., Ohta, T. (2001) Spectral reflectance
of snow with a known
grain - size distribution in successive metamorphism.
The relatively large temperature response is related to positive feedbacks which enhance the initial impact
of changed
snow grain size.
This is, however, a complex process: the reflection by
snow results from scattering
of sunlight by numerous
snow grains with largely varying shapes and sizes.
A new study shows that the climate simulated by a numerical climate model can depend surprisingly much
of what is assumed about the
snow grain shapes when computing the reflection
of solar radiation by the snowpack.
Specifically, increasing the
snow albedo delayed the melting
of snow and sea ice in spring, which increased the albedo difference to the experiment in which
snow grains were assumed spherical.
The data include soluble ions (sodium and non-sea-salt sulfate) and dust particle concentrations, as well as major oxide geochemistry
of tephra
grains isolated from
snow samples.
This traditional
snow cream can be made with coconut milk in place
of dairy milk for a
grain free, dairy free, cold weather treat that kids love.
Kefir, pronounced as keh» - feer, alternately known as «
Grains of the Prophet Mohammed», «Drink
of the Prophet», «Tibetan Mushroom», «Balm
of Gilead», «California Bees», «
Snow Lotus», kombucha, tibcos, Yogurt Plant», «Yogurt Mushroom», is a cultured beverage that originally hails from Russia.
Alternate names include: «
Grains of the Prophet Mohammed», «Drink
of the Prophet», «Tibetan Mushrooms», «
Snow Lotus», «Balm
of Gilead», «California Bees», kombucha, tibicos, and beer seeds.
Through the years people thought so, too, which is why they also named it «The
Grains of the Prophet», «Drink
of the Prophet», «
Snow Lotus», and «Balm
of Gilead».
End Voodoo Education: Vote «NO» on Revised No Child Left Behind Huffington Post, 12/2/15 «Catherine
Snow, a professor at the Harvard Graduate School
of Education commented on this, «it is clear to anyone with a
grain of common sense that there should have been a five - year amnesty on consequences for testing when implementing the Common Core.»»
Catherine
Snow: I think it is clear to anyone with a
grain of common sense that there should have been a five - year amnesty on consequences for testing when implementing the Common Core.
Catherine
Snow, a professor at the Harvard Graduate School
of Education commented on this, «it is clear to anyone with a
grain of common sense that there should have been a five - year amnesty on consequences for testing when implementing the Common Core.»
MODIS - based Mosaic
of Antarctica (MOA) data sets: Continent - wide surface morphology and
snow grain size.
Freshly fallen
snow reflects up to 84 percent
of incoming sunlight, but during the warm season the reflectivity declines as the ice
grains within the snowpack change shape and size.
Simulating the variation
of the ice sheet's albedo using a regional climate model — Modèle Atmosphérique Régionale (MAR), which some members
of the team helped develop — indicated that increasing temperatures and melting accompanied by
snow grain growth and greater bare ice exposure account for about half the decline, the scientists report.
A new study shows that the climate simulated by a numerical climate model can depend surprisingly much
of what is assumed about the
snow grain shapes when computing the reflection
of solar radiation by the snowpack.
This is, however, a complex process: the reflection by
snow results from scattering
of sunlight by numerous
snow grains with largely varying shapes and sizes.
Specifically, increasing the
snow albedo delayed the melting
of snow and sea ice in spring, which increased the albedo difference to the experiment in which
snow grains were assumed spherical.
The relatively large temperature response is related to positive feedbacks which enhance the initial impact
of changed
snow grain size.
Poorly characterized mechanisms driving both production and destruction
of GEM in the interstitial air
of snowpacks depend on environmental conditions (irradiation, temperature, and presence
of water layer around
snow grains) and the chemical composition
of snow (e.g., presence
of halogens or divalent mercury species as a consequence
of surface deposition)(25).
The more soot, the more darkening, but as little as a few parts per billion by weight reduces the albedo
of pure
snow (that is, collections
of grains of ice) by a few per cent in the visible part
of the spectrum.