A new study offers insights into the genetic changes that accompany the evolution
of social complexity in bees, including honey bees.
The researchers found that these different features showed strong statistical relationships, meaning that variation in societies across space and time could be captured by a single
measure of social complexity.
With excavations also reopening in Afghanistan, archaeologists are poised to gain insights into how cities started, the
origins of social complexity, the rise of the state, the development of the first writing systems, and how trade systems worked.
Either way, it's interesting that this
kind of social complexity can exist in such small brains, says Joan Strassmann, a social evolution researcher at Rice University in Houston, Texas.
Scholars have been hotly debating the origins and spread of metallurgy for decades, mainly due to the relationship this technology had with the
rise of social complexity and economy of the world's first civilisations in the Near East.
The Teop people were selected to test Grimalda's theories on human cooperation for the small size of their communities (populations of around 50 inhabitants) and low
levels of social complexity, though also because they present very different characteristics to those found in Western societies: they are horticulturists and gatherers; they use rudimentary tools to grow their food; they have no mechanised industry; and retribution for manual labour is infrequent.
«The last decade,» writes Aaron Saenz, «has seen the arrival of lolcats, fails, trolling and dozens of other phenomena whose sophomoric exteriors bely subtle
tones of social complexity and etiquette.»
It has been suggested that exclusive control over stone quarries used to manufacture the drills needed in bead production could have played a role in the
development of social complexity in Chumash society.
This project is part of her on - going Ghana - Must - Go series which, according to the artist, explores the concepts of «modernity, memory and material culture,» using images of contemporary Africa as a point of departure to annotate a growing global
awareness of social complexity.