This is very different from the context in which de Lubac wrote Catholicism, a time when the West was overrun by urgent projects
of social unity: fascism, communism, and nationalisms of various sorts.
A Society is, in Whitehead's scheme, a type of nexus wherein the relations between its constituents exhibit an ordered relatedness to one another, i.e., some common pattern of relations is manifest wherein the nexus takes on the additional feature
of social unity which thus constitutes it as a social nexus, or in Whitehead's terms, a Society per se.
For this special type
of social unity Paul found the fitting expression: «the communion of the Holy Spirit» (a Cor.
Not exact matches
The goal
of this «
social technology» is to turn the workplace into a flat task - oriented
unity.
When we give in to this need for self exaltation, and organize others around our cause, then we recognize it as the warped type
of social engineering you describe, where the goal is uniformity, not
unity — promoting our own agenda, rather than participating in God's mission.
It is as if Benedict is bringing back into play the long - neglected lessons
of St. Augustine to Catholic
Social Thought — re-presenting, as it were, The City
of God — that is, the City
of that caritas which the Divine Persons gratuitously pour into the human heart, that it might cast the burning desire for human
unity into the kindling
of hundreds
of millions
of parched hearts.
However, after the rise
of the first civilizations some 5,000 years ago, powerful conquerors have forced a number
of different
social groups to enter into a compulsory form
of unity.
For Holloway this flows from the fact that «in a mysterious way, God has united himself to every man» -LCB- Gaudium et Spes 22), and this
unity is also a visible,
social reality in the Body
of Christ which is the Church.
Modern ecclesiology, sanctioned by Vatican II, does not start its description
of the nature
of the Church, like Bellarmin, with its
social organization, but with the people
of God, the mystical Body
of Christ, primarily constituted by the
unity of the justified in the Holy Spirit, the community
of the redeemed, as distinct from their organization in a «society».
These, then, are the several levels
of unity that bind together the diverse topics
of the chapters to follow: first, the curriculum
of education; second, the major problems
of contemporary civilization; third, the values by which education is seen as a moral enterprise; and fourth, a concept
of value as devotion to worth rather than to satisfaction
of desire, together with an ideal
of democracy as the
social expression
of basic moral commitment.
The influence
of leaders like, Jawaharlal Nehru, Julius Nyerere, Lee Quan Yew, Fidel Castro and Nelson Mandela helped maintain the
unity of their countries and peoples in a world
of rapid
social change.
It overlooks the fact that the original or classical evangelicalism
of the 18th and 19th centuries was united around a constellation
of concerns which in the modern church have been divided up between the left and right: Reformation orthodoxy, the spiritual renewal
of the church, Christian
unity, evangelism and missions, the reformation
of manners, and
social reform.
These universes are all based on a
social system
of symbiotic
unity which parallels the relationship
of the initial narrator and his wife.
«The
social vitality
of a nation,» writes Buber, «and its cultural
unity and independence as well, depend very largely upon the degree
of social spontaneity to be found there.»
As the new literature about «theological education» began to grow during the past decade it quickly became clear [l] that for some participants the central issue facing «theological education» is the fragmentation
of its course
of study and the need to reconceive it so as to recover its
unity, whereas for others the central issue is «theological education's» inadequacy to the pluralism
of social and cultural locations in which the Christian thing is understood and lived.
Social institutions are phenomena with a
unity and stability sufficient to qualify as effective agencies with identifiable activities and patterns
of behavior.
My predecessor at Duke, H. Shelton Smith, asserted (in Faith and Nurture) the important
unity of education and theology and sought to build a bridge between liberalism's concern with the
social order and neo-orthodoxy's concern for the tradition.
He spoke prophetically, bringing forward God's promise
of supernatural
unity in Christ, and thus purifying and redirecting the political and
social impulses
of his time.
Such models do not create genuine pluralism; rather they perpetuate
unity in conformity, meaning that the experiences
of ethnic minority
social groups are unacceptable when they fail to coincide with the normative criteria
of human experience prescribed by the white majority
social group.
Since each
of the constituent human beings
of a civilized society is itself more ultimate metaphysically than is the larger
social whole, it follows that a civilized society is really only a relational
unity composed
of many individuals related as one socially.
But a
social trinity is impossible on Whitehead's terms, since «person» in the sense
of an individual center
of subjectivity must be identified with «substance» as the underlying
unity of an actuality.
Both right and left in America imagine that today's
social distemper stems from too little freedom, when, in fact, what currently agitates society is the loss
of stability,
unity, and solidarity.
By «liberal theology» I mean the movement in modern Protestantism which during the nineteenth century tried to bring Christian thought into organic
unity with the evolutionary world view, the movements for
social reconstruction, and the expectations
of «a better world» which dominated the general mind.
Thus to bring the inner realm
of man's freedom and the whole outward task
of human culture and
social advance into one religious
unity, with a clear ethical imperative and sustaining hope, was the supreme achievement
of the liberal Christian mind.
The
social unity of a civilized society is certainly more complex and interrelated than that which a mere aggregate
of parts would allow.
And although it is true that different civilized societies manifest varying degrees
of «communal
unity» depending on their particular
social - historical situation, and / or political orientation, still it is the case that there is a general metaphysical equivalence in this regard.
In this way,
social cooperation among human beings brings about the cohesion, and therein the
unity, required
of a society by interrelating the personal experience
of individuals in such a way so as to emotionally bond those individuals together.
Thus (provided always that we accept the organic nature
of the
social phenomenon) we see being woven around us, beyond any
unity hitherto acknowledged or even foreseen by biology, the network and consciousness
of a Noosphere (It should be noted here that by its nature as a centrated, «reflective» collectivity, the Noosphere, while occupying the same spatial dimensions as the Biosphere, differs from it profoundly in its structure and quality
of vital completion.
The multiplicity
of the other occasions entering into the composition
of the new occasion is so great that the problem in understanding an actual occasion is not so much how it as an individual enters into
social relations but how all the relations that make it up achieve the
unity of subjective immediacy and satisfaction.
«What we have described as globalization is remarkably close to Teilhard de Chardin's planetization, in which «[mankind, born on this planet and spread over its entire surface, come [s] gradually to form round its earthly matrix, a single, major, organic
unity, enclosed upon itself.4 Thus the globalization
of humankind could lead to the formation
of a new kind
of living entity — a
social organism — on the same cosmic principle as that by which atoms join to form molecules, molecules join to form mega-molecules, mega-molecules unite to form living cells, and innumerable cells constitute an organism.
There were frequent comparisons
of the best in «evangelicalism» with what seems to them the worst in «ecumenism»... The most frequent charges against us were theological liberalism, loss
of evangelical conviction, universalism in theology, substitution
of social action for evangelism, and the search for
unity at the expense
of biblical truth.
The Church can not exemplify «the full humanity revealed in Christ,» bear witness to the interdependence
of humankind, or achieve
unity in diversity if it continues to acquiesce in the
social isolation
of disabled persons and to deny them full participation in its life.
We can detect the reality
of this Spirit most vividly in present
social, political, environmental, and religious movements that seek the full inclusion and
unity of those beings and persons who have been left out by our restrictive
social, political, economic, environmental, and religious practices.
For Whitehead, every kind
of «society» has its ground
of unity in its «defining characteristic,» that is, in a formal element common to all its «members» and in virtue
of which there is a generally dominant «
social order.»
Rather, above and beyond the more complicated structure
of «
social» organization one must assume an organization in which its multiplicity is overshadowed by its newly achieved
unity.
But the decisive stages
of this evolution are just those in which, beyond a new and purely «
social» organization, there emerges the constitution
of organisms that, on a higher level from that
of the
unities they have integrated, can again count as true unitary beings.
What Whitehead denotes as the «
social order»
of the higher living beings can no longer be understood on the model
of a society with its emphasis on multiplicity, but only on that
of an organism focusing on
unity.
He insists that such compounds
of lower - level entities as atoms, molecules, and cells must be recognized as having individual existence in their own right, whereas he finds Whitehead attributing to them only
social unity.
When, however, theism is accepted and the
unity of the universe is conceived in terms not
of physical cohesion only but
of moral purpose also, then the appalling tragedies
of man's personal and
social life become not merely hardships difficult to bear but an intellectual problem difficult to solve.
None
of the major
social, cultural and political trends favor such
unity.
Today, that is largely forgotten, as all three recognize his greatness: progressives, as an activist for peace and
social justice; conservatives, as a defender
of the Natural Law and Biblical truth; and the U.S. government, as a symbol
of national
unity and American principles.
The relation to God and the relation to society must neither be confused with each other as is the case in
social religion, nor separated from each other as is the case in Christian isolationism; they must be maintained in the
unity of responsibility to God for the neighbor.
There are no downsides, no costs to
social unity or the wages
of low - skilled Americans.
It is the desire to realize in a finite entity the ideal
of unity; to express in a specific conditioned
social order the ideal
of unconditioned
unity (MT 102f.)
Our very Constitution binds us, that is to say, the very breath
of our political nostrils binds us, to disown all distinctions among men, to disregard persons, to disallow privilege the most established and sacred, to legislate only for the common good, no longer for those accidents
of birth or wealth or culture which spiritually individualize man from his kind, but only for those great common features
of social want and dependence which naturally unite him with his kind, and inexorably demand the organization
of such
unity....
In this situation, the awakened tribal people
of Chotanagpur have a special role, not only to fight for their political autonomy within the
unity of the nation, but also to affirm their solidarity with all their bellow - victims
of the lopsided processes
of modernization in their struggle for political and
social justice.
The truth is that we now live in an age very different from that
of the mid-twentieth century, one characterized by liberal political disenchantment, in which secularists aspire to create space for liberal freedoms, but no longer aspire to a deep form
of social and philosophical
unity.
The dominant motive which led to it was neither curiosity about the creation
of the world nor philosophic interest, as in Greece, about the divine immateriality and interior
unity, but faith that the
social justice for which Yahweh stood would conquer.
Second, Niebuhr proposes to ground the integral
unity of a school's course
of study in the
social dynamics
of the school as a community, a «collegium or colleagueship» (117).
The Church gives
unity to the genuine
social aspirations
of humanity.