Sentences with phrase «of socioeconomic variables»

They criticise, correctly, the failure of many studies to take account of socioeconomic variables and their effects, but they take apparently no account of possible genetic variables and other explanations for findings.

In this study, many of these socioeconomic variables were controlled for, including population, race, age, income, education, and population density.

In order to isolate the effect of social networking on STD prevalence, the study controlled for a range of socioeconomic variables including population, race, age, income, education, and population density.

Not exact matches

The research, compiled by the Harvard School of Public Health's Injury Control Research Center, is pretty clear: After controlling for variables such as socioeconomic factors and other crime, places with more guns have more gun deaths.

Three variables of childhood socioeconomic status significantly affect an adult's socioeconomic status: the parents» median income, their level of education, and whether the child inherited any money.

Likewise, homeschooling seems to mitigate the negative effects of low levels of parents» education on student achievement — a finding that's especially intriguing since these parents are the educators — as well as the negative effects of family socioeconomic variables and race displayed in public schools.

They controlled for other variables like socioeconomic status and the weight of the children who ate school lunches had significantly increased.

Other maternal variables tested in the model included maternal age, ethnic group, socioeconomic status, parity, prepregnancy weight and height, CES - D score, and use of tobacco.

Several studies have also attempted to understand the role of breastfeeding on IQ, and although some authors conclude that the observed advantage of breastfeeding on IQ is related only to genetic and socioenvironmental factors, a recent meta - analysis showed that after adjustment for appropriate key co-factors, breastfeeding was associated with significantly higher scores for cognitive development than formula feeding.6 Longer duration of breastfeeding has also been positively associated with intelligence in adulthood.22 We also observed the benefits of long - term breastfeeding on mental indices, along with the indirect benefit of balancing the impact of exposure to p, p ′ DDE after adjustment for some socioeconomic variables.

Being breastfed exclusively for at least four months has been shown to have a positive effect on the intellectual development of children even when controlled for the demographic variables, especially socioeconomic status (SES) and education of the mother.14 - 22 The nutrient advantages of human milk coupled with the mother - infant relationship provide the matrix for the child to reach his / her full intellectual potential.

Variables such as socioeconomic status, the inclusion of children in the parenting programme, maternal mental health and individual versus group approaches to delivery moderated effectiveness although these effects tended to be modest.

Critical to the interpretation of these results are the demographic variables, such as maternal age, parity (the condition of a woman with respect to having borne viable offspring), race, socioeconomic status and education.

The original ranking summarises a bunch of variables, grouped into 6 categories: political variables, economy, environment, gender socioeconomic equality, health, knowledge.

The study's finding that emotions influenced achievement held constant even after taking into account the effects of other variables, including students» intelligence and gender, and families» socioeconomic status.

In a study of relationships between socioeconomic variables and opioid - related drug overdoses, researchers found several correlations that are often not discussed in the current conversation about the nation's deaths of despair, which includes opioid overdoses, said Stephan Goetz, professor of agricultural and regional economics, Penn State and director of the Northeast Regional Center for Rural Development.

«The discordant twin design minimizes a number of potentially confounding factors that may explain the association between childhood verbal ability and subsequent alcohol use by «controlling» for differences on variables [such as] socioeconomic differences or family factors that, if excluded, could cloud the interpretation of findings.»

The spatial patterns of forest harvesting intensity were well explained by forest - resource related variables (i.e., the share of plantation species, growing stock, forest cover), site conditions (i.e., topography, accessibility), and country - specific characteristics, whereas socioeconomic variables were less important.

The researchers analysed data from Mexico on the occurrence of dengue fever and the effect of climate variables such as, temperature, humidity and rainfall, as well as socioeconomic factors that included population figures and GDP per capita.

The strengths of the present study include the large size and the relatively homogeneous nature of the cohort, which reduced confounding by several variables, such as access to medical care, educational attainment, and socioeconomic status.

I don't know the answer, of course, but I can think of many such variables, including socioeconomic status — that is, those who can afford fancy home alarms also live in neighborhoods that don't suffer as mean break - ins.

The problem, however, when looking at simple correlations between social media use and STDs is that they fail to control for many other socioeconomic variables that can be related to sexual behavior and an increased risk of contracting an STD.

«Giving preference to students on the basis of other socioeconomic or demographic variables had only modest effects on the representation of black and Hispanic students; none that we examined brought minority students to proportional representation.»

[8] While individual - level models controlling only for race and gender showed blacks more likely to be identified, adding a family socioeconomic status variable eliminated the effect of race for blacks, while Hispanics and Asians were significantly less likely to be in special education.

Once we adjusted the data for the effects of socioeconomic status, birth weight, participation in WIC, and a few other variables, we were able to fully account for the difference in test scores.

During the course of the volume, NAEP and Current Population Survey data are used to probe a broad range of variables, including teacher qualifications, hours spent watching television, levels of socioeconomic inequality, degrees of racial segregation, particular school - reform policies, family structure, and race - specific cultural attitudes.

Even controlling for such variables as socioeconomic status, 10th grade math scores, parents» birthplace, sex, and region, bilingual education has unambiguously negative effects on both years of education and attainment of a degree.

Mariam, Yohannes (1999): Causal Relationship Between Indicators of Human Health, the Environment and Socioeconomic Variables for the OECD Countries.

These results, confirmed by classical encom - passing tests, indicate that the geographical variables plus three of the 22 GCMs and three socioeconomic variables provide all the explanatory power in the data set.

In today's IAMs, tables of projected demographic and socioeconomic variables determine changes in resource use and pollution / emission levels, which in turn can determine Earth System variables such as atmospheric temperature.

My understanding is that the socioeconomic variables are a proxy for human activity & infrastructure — waste heat & asphalt — which are more concentrated in urban areas, and are probably on the rise throughout most of the world through the post-war 1950s - 80s.

Initially each variable of interest was included in a separate model controlling for age, sex, ACCHS, carer's employment status (as a measure of socioeconomic status) and clustering by family ID.

SLA - level predictor variables will include: accessibility (ARIA +), 33 socioeconomic status (using Socio Economic Status for Areas (SEIFA) indexes, four indexes that summarise different aspects of the socioeconomic conditions of people living in an area based upon sets of social and economic information from the Australian Census35); full - time equivalent GPs; medical workers, nurses, pharmacists, Aboriginal health workers and community services workers per 10 000 population; rates of unemployment and labour force participation.

In this study, data from a sample of 310 married couples was examined for relationships between indicators of marital satisfaction, socioeconomic variables, religiosity and finances to determine their impact on individual decisions to remain in relationships.

In a second hypothesis, CD and poor achievement are functions of dysfunctional outside variables (eg, low socioeconomic status, an attention deficit disorder, nonsupportive family environment).

Additionally, any explanations of Indigenous health data obtained should be comprehensive and must address cultural issues and the consequences of political and historical climates, as well as socioeconomic variables.

The results of Pearson correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis revealed a statistically significant rela - tionship between job and life satisfaction, even after controlling for demographic and socioeconomic variables.

Other psychosocial variables, including lack of social support, 24 single marital status,25 - 27 low education or socioeconomic status, 27,28 and lack of knowledge about the disorder, 29 influence patients» adherence to drug treatments.

It is likely, for instance, that these homes differ in socioeconomic status (whether or not this variable was recorded), which means that the unfavorable home is apt to be more crowded and located in a different sort of neighborhood.

Area - level explanatory variables will include: accessibility and remoteness, as measured by the Accessibility / Remoteness Index of Australia Plus (ARIA +); 54 socioeconomic disadvantage, as measured by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Socioeconomic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA); 55 presence of Aboriginal Medical Services; presence of an AMIHS; proportion of Aboriginal pregnancies / births in an area managed by an AMIHS; numbers of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children attending preschool; numbers of full - time equivalent health workers (including general medical practitioners, nurses, midwives and Aboriginal health workers) per 10 000 population; measures of social capital from the NSW Population Health Survey; 56 features of local communities (derived from ABS Census data), such as information on median personal and household income, mortgage repayment and rent; average number of persons per bedroom and household size; employment; non-school qualifications and housing type for Aboriginal residents insocioeconomic disadvantage, as measured by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Socioeconomic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA); 55 presence of Aboriginal Medical Services; presence of an AMIHS; proportion of Aboriginal pregnancies / births in an area managed by an AMIHS; numbers of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children attending preschool; numbers of full - time equivalent health workers (including general medical practitioners, nurses, midwives and Aboriginal health workers) per 10 000 population; measures of social capital from the NSW Population Health Survey; 56 features of local communities (derived from ABS Census data), such as information on median personal and household income, mortgage repayment and rent; average number of persons per bedroom and household size; employment; non-school qualifications and housing type for Aboriginal residents inSocioeconomic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA); 55 presence of Aboriginal Medical Services; presence of an AMIHS; proportion of Aboriginal pregnancies / births in an area managed by an AMIHS; numbers of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children attending preschool; numbers of full - time equivalent health workers (including general medical practitioners, nurses, midwives and Aboriginal health workers) per 10 000 population; measures of social capital from the NSW Population Health Survey; 56 features of local communities (derived from ABS Census data), such as information on median personal and household income, mortgage repayment and rent; average number of persons per bedroom and household size; employment; non-school qualifications and housing type for Aboriginal residents in each area.57

Emerson et al. [38 • •], for example, conducted a secondary analysis of the Millennium Cohort Study in the UK and found that after matching on socioeconomic variables, probable psychiatric disorder was no more likely to be found among fathers of children with early cognitive delay, and the strength of this association for mothers was substantially diminished.

The most apparent is that single measures of absolute concentrations of salivary cortisol, for most health - related variables, seldom give significant findings; deviation measures, in terms of diurnal deviations and / or laboratory stress tests seem to be more strongly and consistently associated with a number of factors, such as Socioeconomic Status (SES), psychological characteristics, biological variables in terms of overweight and abdominal fat accumulation, and mental and somatic disease.

Variables such as socioeconomic status, the inclusion of children in the parenting programme, maternal mental health and individual versus group approaches to delivery moderated effectiveness although these effects tended to be modest.

The primary constructs within the hypothesized framework are: (1) social position variables — characteristics that are used within societies to hierarchically stratify groups (race, gender, socioeconomic status); (2) parenting variables — familial mechanisms that may influence African American adolescents well - being, perceptions of competence, and attitudes towards others in various contexts (e.g., parenting practices and racial socialization messages); (3) racial discrimination — negative racially driven experiences that may influence feelings of competence, belongingness, and self - worth; (4) environmental / contextual factors — settings and surroundings that may impede or promote healthy identity development (e.g., academic settings); and (5) learner characteristics — individual characteristics that may promote or hinder positive psychological adjustment outcomes (e.g., racial identity, coping styles).

[jounal] Olsson, M. B. / 2008 / Socioeconomic and psychological variables as risk and protective factors for parental well - being in families of children with intellectual disabilities / Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 52 (12): 1102 ~ 1113

Variables for child's functioning (cognitive level [BAS Standard Nonverbal Composite (SNC)-RSB-; daily living impairment [VABS DLS Standard Score (SS)-RSB-; emotional and behavioural difficulties [SDQ Total problems]-RRB- and socioeconomic factors (income and educational level) were dichotomised into clinically meaningful subgroups in order to better capture their significance, as well as to facilitate the interpretation of the parameters (Ragland 1992).

Other variables measured were: sex, number of siblings, parental occupation, single - parent home, school failure, socioeconomic level, chronic somatic ailments and use of mental health services.

Homeowner, type of dwelling and neighbourhood were not used in the final analysis because maternal education is highly correlated with all of these variables and provides a good proxy measure for socioeconomic status which was measured early in the study and is relatively complete.