The level
of sodium restriction required in advanced heart failure is usually only found in veterinary prescription diets, however, many pets will not accept the palatability of foods this restricted.
The first two levels
of sodium restriction can be met by many high quality natural commercial pet foods.
The study sought to evaluate the impact
of sodium restriction on heart failure outcomes.
Not exact matches
Sodium restriction will invariably lead to a slew of low - sodium (or, more likely, «lower - sodium», indicating a product that contains less sodium than the original formula but still provide a hefty amount of the mineral) processed
Sodium restriction will invariably lead to a slew
of low -
sodium (or, more likely, «lower - sodium», indicating a product that contains less sodium than the original formula but still provide a hefty amount of the mineral) processed
sodium (or, more likely, «lower -
sodium», indicating a product that contains less sodium than the original formula but still provide a hefty amount of the mineral) processed
sodium», indicating a product that contains less
sodium than the original formula but still provide a hefty amount of the mineral) processed
sodium than the original formula but still provide a hefty amount
of the mineral) processed foods.
«These are clinically significant findings, with this magnitude
of blood pressure reduction being comparable to that expected with the addition
of an anti-hypertensive medication and larger than effects usually seen with
sodium restriction in people without CKD,» said McMahon.
The article is entitled «A Randomized Crossover Trial
of Dietary
Sodium Restriction in Stage 3 - 4 Chronic Kidney Disease.»
In 79 %
of participants, dietary
sodium was reduced during the
restriction phase, and 65 %
of patients reduced their intake by > 20 %.
Sodium restriction was associated with a significantly higher risk
of death or heart failure hospitalization (42.3 percent versus 26.2 percent, hazard ratio 1.85).15
9 A comment published in the Sao Paulo Medical Journal stated that «recent evidence from the Cochrane systematic review has cast doubt on the efficacy
of dietary
sodium restriction.»
Doukky R and others: «Impact
of dietary
sodium restriction on heart failure outcomes:» JACC Heart Fail 2016 Jan: 4 (1): 24 - 35.
OTHER RECENT ARTICLES ON ADVERSE EFFECTS
OF LOW SALT INTAKE A 2006 study showed that sodium restriction increases the risk of heart failure, death and hospitalizatio
OF LOW SALT INTAKE A 2006 study showed that
sodium restriction increases the risk
of heart failure, death and hospitalizatio
of heart failure, death and hospitalization.
Joy Dubost, a dietitian with the Academy
of Nutrition and Dietetics, says that although the Paleo diet can help followers control their intake
of sugar,
sodium and processed foods, its
restrictions on healthy foods like brown rice can leave you without an adequate intake
of the B vitamins, magnesium, phosphorus, vitamin D and calcium.
One
of the things we have known for at least a half a century is that
sodium restriction can lower blood pressure.
As far back as 1997, the American Heart Association, who also brought us the 1,500 mg
of sodium a day goal, published a study that showed how potassium could lower blood pressure, without any
restrictions on salt consumption.
For example, KBs were recently reported to act as neuroprotective agents by raising ATP levels and reducing the production
of reactive oxygen species in neurological tissues, 80 together with increased mitochondrial biogenesis, which may help to enhance the regulation
of synaptic function.80 Moreover, the increased synthesis
of polyunsaturated fatty acids stimulated by a KD may have a role in the regulation
of neuronal membrane excitability: it has been demonstrated, for example, that polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate the excitability
of neurons by blocking voltage-gated
sodium channels.81 Another possibility is that by reducing glucose metabolism, ketogenic diets may activate anticonvulsant mechanisms, as has been reported in a rat model.82 In addition, caloric
restriction per se has been suggested to exert neuroprotective effects, including improved mitochondrial function, decreased oxidative stress and apoptosis, and inhibition
of proinflammatory mediators, such as the cytokines tumour necrosis factor - α and interleukins.83 Although promising data have been collected (see below), at the present time the real clinical benefits
of ketogenic diets in most neurological diseases remain largely speculative and uncertain, with the significant exception
of its use in the treatment
of convulsion diseases.
If a pet has no outward signs
of heart disease, only mild
sodium restriction is recommended.
At this stage, more important than
sodium restriction is to keep the
sodium intake THE SAME every day so that your pet's body adapts to that particular level
of sodium.
While severe
sodium restriction was historically recommended for pets, it is now known that in earlier stages
of heart disease and heart failure, this approach may actually be detrimental.
No
sodium restriction is necessary in pets with heart disease unless the condition has progressed to retention
of fluid in the lungs (night cough) or in the abdomen (tummy).
Sodium: Moderate restriction of dietary sodium if recommended for dogs that have a lower than normal appetite or if your pet has hyperte
Sodium: Moderate
restriction of dietary
sodium if recommended for dogs that have a lower than normal appetite or if your pet has hyperte
sodium if recommended for dogs that have a lower than normal appetite or if your pet has hypertension.
Sodium restriction is key in management of Cushings Disease, as sodium levels will tend to be high in Cushings pat
Sodium restriction is key in management
of Cushings Disease, as
sodium levels will tend to be high in Cushings pat
sodium levels will tend to be high in Cushings patients.
Robertson GL: Evaluation
of the plasma vasopressin, plasma
sodium, and urine osmolality response to water
restriction in normal cats and a cats with diabetes insipidus.
Prepared specialized meals (low
sodium and fluid
restriction) and feed parent under the instructions
of the home health nurse and doctor.