Sentences with phrase «of solar luminosities»

Even though most of the visible radiation is concentrated in a few discrete emission lines, the total apparent brightness of the brightest is the equivalent of tens of thousands of solar luminosities.

This is shown, among others, by the sunspot data (Fig. 1) as well as measurements of the solar luminosity from satellites (Fig. 2).

is inconsistent with rising GHG levels but entirely consistent with the gradual decline in the bicentennial component of solar luminosity since just prior to 1990

This is inconsistent with rising GHG levels but entirely consistent with the gradual decline in the bicentennial component of solar luminosity since just prior to 1990: -

I would guess that Wolf also tried to explain the energetic origin of the solar luminosity, and he could not find a satisfactory explanation too, being the Kelvin - Helmholtz theory in contradiction with geology.

Not exact matches

The sun goes through an 11 - year solar cycle during which its luminosity varies according to the number of sunspots appearing on its face.

The quasar, with its central black hole mass of 12 billion solar masses and the luminosity of 420 trillion suns, is at a distance of 12.8 billion light - years from Earth.

For the inner few kiloparsecs of the elliptical galaxies, the velocity dispersion = 220 × (L / L *) 0.25, where L * is a characteristic galaxy luminosity (around 10 billion solar luminosities).

u «The masses of these early black holes are inferred from their [quasar] luminosities to be > 109 solar masses, which is a difficult theoretical challenge [for the big bang theory] to explain.»

It is not out of the question that solar fluctuations, either through luminosity or perhaps GCR, play a role in Pleistocene climate transitions, including abrupt changes like Heinrich events.

A comparison of its luminosity to the values predicted by theoretical evolutionary models suggests that the substellar object has a mass of 0.051 + / - 0.014 Solar - masses, or around 50 times Jupiter's mass in a range between 22 and 57 Jupiter - masses (Luhman et al, 2006; and Mugrauer et al 2006).

NASA, Chandra X-Ray Observatory — ring and larger images (more) Magnetic field interactions between giant stars Aa and Ab are thought to energize the corona of the larger star (Aa), generating more x-rays than would be expected for a single star (more) and creating an x-ray luminosity that is 10,000 times that of the Solar corona.

Below about 0.5 solar masses, the luminosity of the star varies as the mass to the power of 2.3, producing a flattening of the slope on a graph of mass versus luminosity.

In fact, we are, in about a billion years, at least according to Caldeira and Kasting («The life span of the biosphere revisited, Nature, 360, 721, 1992), because the increased solar luminosity and ensuing global warming will cause the silicates to start reacting with the atmospheric CO2.

where M and L are the mass and luminosity of the star, respectively, is a solar mass, is the solar luminosity and is the star's estimated main sequence lifetime.

Based on its estimated bolometric luminosity, the distance from HR 4523 A where an Earth - type planet would be «comfortable» with liquid water is centered around 0.88 AU — between the orbital distance of Venus and Earth in the Solar System, with an orbital period about 330 days, or about 90 percent of an Earth year.

79 Ceti is a yellow - orange dwarf star of spectral and luminosity type G5 IV, with about the same mass (1.00) as Sol, about the same diameter — 1.01 Solar (Johnson and Wright, 1983, page 651), and twice (2.0) its luminosity (exoplanets.org).

Half the matter of the star falls on to the black hole and feeds it, and that generates a luminous flare of a billion or 10 billion solar luminosities.»

As examples of work in this category, I would mention Judith Lean's tireless efforts on relating luminosity to sunspot number, the work of Bard and colleagues on developing isotopic solar proxies like 10Be, Shindell's work on response to solar ultraviolet variability, and the work of Foukal et al on factors governing solar irradiance variations.

Ok, I did a preliminary check on the Extrasolar Planet Encyclopedia; I converted all stellar apparent magnitudes to absolute magnitudes, those to luminosity (* solar), and calculated the inner and outer boundaries of the HZ, generously assuming an inner edge of 0.9 AU and an outer edge of 1.5 AU for our own solar system.

The peak absolute luminosity appears to be about 50,000 times the luminosity of the Sun, but the largest percentage of known open clusters has a brightness equivalent to 500 solar luminosities.

It closely resembles the Sun (unlike most stars) being a bright G - class star, with a mass of 0.78 solar masses, radius of 0.793 solar radii, and a luminosity of about half that of the Sun.

It is a variable star with only about a tenth of Sol's mass (0.1187 Solar - mass according to Torres et al, 2010), about eight to 35 percent of its diameter, and only 8.7 - 12 / 100,000 th of its luminosity.

It may be of spectral and luminosity type MV given an estimated mass of 40 percent Solar and a surface temperature of 3,500 ° K (which is reddish in color).

The estimated black body temperatures from the 100 and 160 micron fluxes are $ \ lesssim $ 22 K, while the fractional luminosity of the cold dust is Ldust / Lstar ~ 10E - 6, close to the luminosity of the Solar - System's Kuiper belt.

It orbits an aged, spectral type G star (KIC 11904151) of 0.895 Solar - mass and 1.06 Solar - diameter with around 1.00 Solar luminosity, which is estimated to be at least 7.4 billion years old.

Layer your view of shifting continents with data on atmospheric composition, temperature, biodiversity, day length, and solar luminosity, to get a more complete view of our dynamic planet.

The artist David Salle has written that Eric Freeman's paintings «have the luminosity associated with a solar event, the energy of an explosion» but at the same time «a delicacy, a softness... that convinces us to lower our guard.»

The only viable mechanisms on the table for that have to do with solar forcing, but it has so far proved very difficult to get a sufficient cooling out of any astrophysically plausible luminosity change.

Based on physical modelling taking into account measured and astrophysically plausible variations in solar spectral luminosity, and on consistent physical models of the response of he climate system to solar forcing, you can't explain away the 20th / 21st net warming trend with solar effects.

Values are expressed relative to pre-industrial conditions (CO2 = 280 ppm; solar luminosity = 342 W / m2); a reference line of zero is given for clarity.

The solar luminosity is about 0.07 percent brighter during solar maximum than during solar minimum but observations from spacecraft in the 2000s showed that the ratio of ultraviolet to visible light is much more variable than previously thought.

that climate change is predominantly driven by the Sun, its emission of luminosity and solar wind, and the filtering and amplification of this emission within the terrestrial physical processes.

High concentrations of greenhouse gases would have been required to offset low solar luminosity early in Earth's history.

Our results indicate that carbon dioxide was an important greenhouse gas during periods of lower solar luminosity, probably dominating over methane after the atmosphere and hydrosphere became pervasively oxygenated between 2 and 2.2 gigayears ago.

The IPCC recognizes only two types of forcings: greenhouse gases and solar luminosity.

A proposal for a physical mechanism based on the mass - luminosity relation (PDF), Nicola Scafetta, 06/2012, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar - Terrestrial Physics, Volumes 81 — 82, pp. 27 - 40.

Subject to the above caveats and those described in the text, the CRF / climate link therefore implies that the increased solar luminosity and reduced CRF over the previous century should have contributed a warming of 0.47 ± 0.19 ° K, while the rest should be mainly attributed to anthropogenic causes.

A CO2 threshold of below ~ 500 ppm is suggested for the initiation of widespread, continental glaciations, although this threshold was likely higher during the Paleozoic due to a lower solar luminosity at that time.

But once you took all of this into account, you might as well throw in the carbon cycle, vegetation (albedo), soil (albedo), cloud formation (albedo, etc.), evaporation from soil, the spectra for the sun and its luminosity, solar cycles, and once you do that you pretty much have the entire climate model, including how it evolves over time — or there abouts.

It is not out of the question that solar fluctuations, either through luminosity or perhaps GCR, play a role in Pleistocene climate transitions, including abrupt changes like Heinrich events.

Recent analyses using the CCM3 climate model (Govindasamy and Caldeira, 2000) suggest, however, that a 1.7 % decrease in solar luminosity would closely counterbalance a doubling of CO2 at the regional and seasonal scale (in addition to that at the global and annual scale) despite differences in radiative forcing patterns.»

As solar luminosity gradually increased through time, concentrations of greenhouse gases would have to have been much higher than today.

It, of course, also means that a 100 million years ago, the solar luminosity was 1 % smaller than today.

«The direct correlation of luminosity and solar activity is a major discovery from the solar cycle results.