Unlike the great sporadic storms, moderate geomagnetic activity does not exhibit a well defined connection with sunspots or any other indicator
of solar magnetic activity.
Not exact matches
Magnetic forces that form around Earth protect the planet and humankind from most
of the intense
solar activity.
At times
of maximum
solar activity, the
magnetic ferment represented by sunspots frequently releases and leaps across space to Earth — to foment
magnetic storms that disrupt communications networks and light the polar skies with auroral displays.
Every 11 years or so, the sun's
magnetic activity peaks and then troughs, resulting in relatively high and then low numbers
of dark spots and flares on the
solar surface.
We are currently within a period
of decreasing
solar activity, which may spell the end for severe
magnetic storms in the near future,» Kataoka says.
By chance, I came across a book by C. J. Schrijver and C. Zwaan called
Solar and Stellar
Magnetic Activity, «first published in printed format» by the Cambridge University Press in 2000, and on page 126 the authors refer to the same type
of pattern.
By several measures — geomagnetic
activity, weakness
of polar
magnetic fields, flagging
solar deflection
of galactic cosmic rays — the minimum was the deepest on record, Hathaway said, although some
of those records contain just a few cycles.
The
Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), a NASA spacecraft launched in February to monitor the sun's
magnetic activity, should be able to spot any objects at the upper end
of the size range.
The big problem is to explain a lag
of more than 30 years when direct measurements
of quantities (galactic cosmic rays, 10.7 cm
solar radio,
magnetic index, level
of sunspot numbers,
solar cycle lengths) do not indicate any trend in the
solar activity since the 1950s.
After all, the implied changes in GCR flux are huge compared to what is expected from the gentle modulation
of the Earth's
magnetic field arising from recent
solar activity changes (not that there's any trend in those that would explain recent warming).
His work became
of paramount importance when he demonstrated that the intensity
of solar radiation was related to the Sun's
magnetic activity, which had (and still has) crucial implications for numerous human
activities, such as communications systems and power lines.
Factors such as the sizes
of the planet and the star, continental distribution, ocean depth, the amount
of water present, tectonic
activity, variability
of the surface temperature, atmospheric composition, the
magnetic shield, speed
of rotation, axial tilt, eccentricity
of the orbit, the type and amount
of radiation received, the age
of the
solar system, and the possibility
of panspermia within the system are all considered.
The number
of sunspots varies as
solar magnetic activity does — the change in this number, from a minimum
of none to a maximum
of roughly 250 sunspots or clusters
of sunspots and then back to a minimum, is known as the
solar cycle, and averages about 11 years long.
The piece de resistance
of Courtillot et al., is the following graph, which purports to show that for almost all
of the past century, temperature correlates tightly with
solar activity and
magnetic field variability.
Sunspots are the centers
of intense localized
magnetic fields and represent the most obvious manifestations
of solar activity.
(b) Observational study
of space weather using the
Solar Magnetic Activity Research Telescope (SMART) and the international ground - based solar observation network (CH
Solar Magnetic Activity Research Telescope (SMART) and the international ground - based
solar observation network (CH
solar observation network (CHAIN).
Heliophysics encompasses cosmic rays and particle acceleration, space weather and radiation, dust and
magnetic reconnection,
solar activity and stellar cycles, aeronomy and space plasmas,
magnetic fields and global change, and the interactions
of the
solar system with our galaxy.»
Note that in the last piece, Tamino points out the coincidence
of two very large volcanic eruptions early in the «dalton minimum,» which as many have noted, may account for the oddities
of the weather more than the
solar magnetic activity.
The good correlation with
solar activity may be caused by the interaction between
solar wind intensity and the earth's
magnetic field, but that is the opinion
of Moerner.
«HMI» explained: The primary goal
of the Helioseismic and
Magnetic Imager (HMI) investigation is to study the origin of solar variability and to characterize and understand the Sun's interior and the various components of magnetic a
Magnetic Imager (HMI) investigation is to study the origin
of solar variability and to characterize and understand the Sun's interior and the various components
of magnetic a
magnetic activity.
Comparison
of TSI with other
activity parameters indicates that only the open
solar magnetic field,, observed from satellites at 1 AU show a similar long - term behaviour.
Muon densities increase more in higher latitudes at times
of weak
solar magnetic activity, which is why volcanic
activity in the higher latitudes will be affected more by this process.
I'm very interested in the next step
of Mr. Smith's «Angular Momentum» which would be how these planetary alignments affect Earth's orbit, tilt axis,
magnetic energy and gravity juxtaposed with the Angular Momentum & Past / Future
Solar Activity AM.
We show that the index commonly used for quantifying long - term changes in
solar activity, the sunspot number, accounts for only one part
of solar activity (William: Closed
magnetic field) and using this index leads to the underestimation
of the role
of solar activity in the global warming in the recent decades.
... The geomagnetic
activity reflects the impact
of solar activity originating from both closed and open
magnetic field regions, so it is a better indicator
of solar activity than the sunspot number which is related to only closed
magnetic field regions.
Solar activity refers to the
activity of the sun's
magnetic field.
Long - range weather forecaster Piers Corbyn explains that in order to predict world temperature we need to better understand
solar activity,
magnetic connections and lunar modulation
of the same.
Your own 300 year long sunspot data (as well as those
of Wang, Lean, and Sheeley) http://www.vukcevic.talktalk.net/TMC.htm also suggest that there is an (for some inconvenient) direct strong link between
solar activity and the Earth's
magnetic field change.
Up until Svensmark's work, there were inadequate explanations for some
of the effects we have seen in terms
of cloud variability and especially with its association with
solar magnetic activity.
Recent experimental work at CERN supports an hypothesis that
solar magnetic activity throttles formation
of cloud water droplet condensation sites and this then explains the correlation between
solar magnetic minima with cold epochs.
The sunspot number you show is very controversial, e.g. http://www.leif.org/research/
Solar-
Activity-Past-Present-and-Future.pdf and http://ssnworkshop.wikia.com/wiki/Home And the correlation is contradicted by the Figure in the article
of this thread: http://www.leif.org/research/HMF-Briffa.png The green curve is
solar activity deduced from cosmic ray proxies
of the
solar magnetic field as carried out to the Earth by the
solar wind.
Perhaps not, but
solar activity does not follow curve (c): http://www.leif.org/research/HMF-Briffa.png The green curve is
solar activity deduced from cosmic ray proxies
of the
solar magnetic field as carried out to the Earth by the
solar wind.
Increased or decreased
solar activity would increase or decrease the amount
of energy being transferred to the Earth's
magnetic field.
There has been an abrupt change from a set
of very, very, high
solar magnetic cycle
activity to what will be apparent next year is a special Maunder minimum.
For a while I thought that direct
magnetic inductive heating
of the Earth might be associated with the increased warming observed during periods
of high
solar activity.
Cosmogenic isotopes provide the most extendable indirect data on the cosmic ray flux, the state
of the heliosphere, and hence on the
solar magnetic activity during the past.
Long - term trends in the upper atmosphere - ionosphere are a complex problem due to simultaneous presence
of several drivers
of trends, which behave in a different way: increasing atmospheric concentration
of greenhouse gases, mainly CO2, long - term changes
of geomagnetic and
solar activity, secular change
of the Earth's main
magnetic field, remarkable long - term changes
of stratospheric ozone concentration, and very probably long - term changes
of atmospheric dynamics, particularly
of atmospheric wave
activity (Lastovicka 2009; Qian et al. 2011; Lastovicka et al. 2012).
Sunspots are dark, cooler regions
of the
solar surface, areas
of pent - up
magnetic activity.
I think this will show a cycle that is out
of magnetic balance, and will require another subsequent cycle before we get back on track to normal
solar activity.
Since 1935,
solar physicists have subscribed to what we could call the «eruption theory» where 11 - yr cycle is produced as a unit by a well - developed physical theory that does not rely on excitation
of «modes» but on a continuously progressing generation
of activity by
magnetic induction amplifying existing flux and eventually dying out.
«Valentina Zharkova, professor
of mathematics at Northumbria University in the U.K., warned that the Earth could be heading for another ice age in 15 years due to a drop in
solar magnetic activity by 60 percent.
Sunspots and other forms
of solar activity are produced by
magnetic fields, whose changes also affect the radiation that the Sun emits, including its distribution among shorter and longer wavelengths.
Alex Rawl writes «Dozens
of peer - reviewed studies have found a very high degree
of correlation -LRB-.5 to.8) between
solar -
magnetic activity and global temperature going back many thousands
of years»
It has continuous Sun - quakes (the
solar equivalent
of Earthquakes), exhibits an easily recognized 11 - year cycle
of magnetic activity and sunspots, and oscillates on a much shorter time scale like a pulsar [See: Peter Toth, «Is the Sun a pulsar?»
For example, the «Maunder minimum» in sunspot and
solar surface
magnetic activity coincides with the coldest part
of the Little Ice Age, 1645 to 1714.
Dozens
of peer - reviewed studies have found a very high degree
of correlation -LRB-.5 to.8) between
solar -
magnetic activity and global temperature going back many thousands
of years (Bond 2001, Neff 2001, Shaviv 2003, Usoskin 2005, and many others listed below).
http://www.vukcevic.talktalk.net/A&P.htm Neither
of two drivers is in any respect connected to any property
of the
solar activity (TSI,
magnetic etc) or even less to the planetary configuration.
After all, the implied changes in GCR flux are huge compared to what is expected from the gentle modulation
of the Earth's
magnetic field arising from recent
solar activity changes (not that there's any trend in those that would explain recent warming).
One thing is certain, based on past climate history and
solar history, if in fact the suns
magnetic activity slows, or collapses and we enter a prolonged period
of little or no sunspot
activity, we'll see a global cooling trend.
The author, Michael Asher, noted that «The event is significant as many climatologists now believe
solar magnetic activity - which determines the number
of sunspots - is an influencing factor for climate on Earth.»