Teachers» perceptions
of standardized achievement tests.
Examples
of a standardized achievement tests include the California Achievement Test (CAT); Comprehensive Test of Basic Skills (CTBS), which includes the «Terra Nova»; Iowa Test of Basic Skills (ITBS) and Tests of Academic Proficiency (TAP); Metropolitan Achievement Test (MAT); and Stanford Achievement Test (SAT.)
The teachers were introduced to a range of identification procedures including above - level testing, the use
of standardized achievement tests, and a range of teacher and parent nomination checklists.
Over the years, developers
of standardized achievement tests have learned that if they can link students» success on a question to students» socioeconomic status (SES), then about half of the test takers usually answer that item correctly.
Two kinds
of standardized achievement tests commonly used for school evaluations are ill suited for that measurement.
The corporate world provides useful data about simulations designed to change behavior and obtain results (which is exactly what we hope will be learned in many situations but is something that few, if any,
of our standardized achievement tests measure).
A second kind of instructionally insensitive test is the sort
of standardized achievement test that many states have developed for accountability during the past two decades.
Not exact matches
Breastfed children had higher mean scores on
tests of cognitive ability; performed better on
standardized tests of reading, mathematics, and scholastic ability; were rated as performing better in reading and mathematics by their class teachers; had higher levels
of achievement in school - leaving examinations; and less often left school without educational qualifications.
However, even after control for confounding and selection factors associated with infant feeding practices, increasing duration
of breastfeeding was associated with small but significant increases in scores on
standardized tests of ability and
achievement, teacher ratings
of classroom performance, and greater success at high school.
The design
of this study made it possible to examine 1) the extent to which benefits
of breastfeeding on cognitive ability and
achievement were evident throughout middle childhood, adolescence, and into young adulthood; and 2) the extent to which breastfeeding was related to a range
of indices
of academic
achievement that included performance on
standardized tests, teacher ratings
of academic
achievement, and levels
of success in examinations on leaving school.
Table 1 shows clear and highly significant (P <.0001) tendencies for increasing duration
of breastfeeding to be associated with higher scores on measures
of cognitive ability, teacher ratings
of performance,
standardized tests of achievement, better grades in School Certificate examinations, and lower percentages
of children leaving school without qualifications.
On average, children who were breastfed for ≥ 8 months 1) scored between 0.35 and 0.59 SD units higher on
standardized tests of ability or
achievement and teacher ratings
of school performance than children who were not breastfed, and 2) were considerably less likely than nonbreastfed children to leave school without qualifications (relative risk = 0.38; 95 % CI: 0.25, 0.59).
In general, the results suggest that after adjustment for confounding, there were small but consistent tendencies for increasing duration
of breastfeeding to be associated with increased IQ, increased performance on
standardized tests, higher teacher ratings
of classroom performance, and better high school
achievement.
Associations Between Duration
of Breastfeeding and Measures
of Cognitive Ability, Teacher Ratings
of School Performance,
Standardized Tests of Achievement, and High School Success After Adjustment for Covariates
Associations Between Duration
of Breastfeeding and Measures
of Cognitive Ability, Teacher Ratings
of School Performance,
Standardized Tests of Achievement, and High School Success
In 2011, the second year
of more rigorous scoring
of state
standardized tests,
achievement dipped slightly across the state, according to figures just released by the state education department.
Furthermore, these differences also correlated with one measure
of academic
achievement — performance on
standardized tests.
«Over the past decade we've been able to identify a growing number
of educational interventions that have managed to have notable impacts on students» academic
achievement as measured by
standardized tests,» West says.
... In the current study, academic
achievement was measured with
standardized tests administered in spring 2013, which was concurrent with the time
of year when participation in the SBP peaked.
The Academic Assessment — Over the course
of this
standardized academic
achievement test, it becomes clear which types
of academic skills are strong and which are weak and, further highlights the corresponding areas
of the brain that are affected.
At Brain Balance
Achievement Centers, we assess all
of these skills with
standardized and accepted
testing and we quantify them by grade, age, or functional level.
The improved scores were impressive enough to lead several states and other major school districts, including New York, to adopt elements
of the Chicago Public Schools (CPS) policy — making student progress toward the next grade dependent on demonstrated
achievement on
standardized tests.
Only a few
of the districts could be directly compared because they use the same
standardized achievement test.
This strategy should raise their
standardized test scores, since researchers estimate that «85 percent
of achievement test scores are based on the vocabulary
of the standards.»
There is precious little research demonstrating the value
of school counselors on student
achievement ~ with good reason it is difficult to demonstrate the impact
of counselors on
standardized test scores ~ which have come to define
achievement in recent years.
The study assessed performance on
standardized achievement tests as well as measures
of various character strengths.
The authors wrote that, overall, the results
of 46 articles published between 1985 and October 2008 found that «there is substantial evidence that physical activity can help improve academic
achievement, including grades and
standardized test scores.
CASEL reports: «A landmark review found that students who receive SEL instruction had more positive attitudes about school and improved an average
of 11 percentile points on
standardized achievement tests compared to students who did not receive such instruction.»
Nearly one - third
of the 450,000 Arizona students who took a state - required
standardized achievement test were given incorrect scores by the computer firm hired to grade the
tests.
«College and Career Ready» indicators: Many states already include AP, IB, ACT, and SAT
achievement in their high school rating systems, and we heartily endorse all
of these
of these measures, especially those tied to
achievement on AP / IB
tests, which are precisely the sort
of high - quality assessments that critics
of dumbed - down
standardized tests have long called for.
In the area
of academic
achievement, a few years ago the school's fourth graders had the highest scores in the district on the Connecticut Mastery
Test, the state's standardized achievement t
Test, the state's
standardized achievement testtest.
To the extent the program involves student
achievement, it bases awards on «student learning objectives» as «created by individual teachers, with the approval
of site - based administrators»; these objectives «will be measured by a combination
of existing assessment instruments, and teacher designed tools,» as well as by state
standardized tests.
Most
of these schools also regularly collect portfolios
of student work in an attempt to go beyond
standardized test results and provide richer measures
of achievement.
The
achievement gap between middle - school students and K — 8 students is put in stark relief in Figure 1, which displays our estimates
of the impact
of attending a middle school on student
achievement as measured by
standardized tests in math and English Language Arts.
In the specific year when students move to a middle school (or to a junior high), their academic
achievement, as measured by
standardized tests, falls substantially in both math and English relative to that
of their counterparts who continue to attend a K — 8 elementary school.
Mostly based on «value added,» a statistical measure
of the contribution the teachers make to student
achievement on
standardized tests.
The board — which oversees the country's largest
standardized -
testing programs, including the Scholastic Aptitude
Tests, the Achievement Tests, and the Advanced Placement tests for high - school students — is a membership organization of more than 2,500 colleges, schools, school systems, and education associat
Tests, the
Achievement Tests, and the Advanced Placement tests for high - school students — is a membership organization of more than 2,500 colleges, schools, school systems, and education associat
Tests, and the Advanced Placement
tests for high - school students — is a membership organization of more than 2,500 colleges, schools, school systems, and education associat
tests for high - school students — is a membership organization
of more than 2,500 colleges, schools, school systems, and education associations.
And if the underlying measure
of student
achievement in these studies was
standardized tests, as was surely the case in many
of them, why are such
tests acceptable as measures
of teacher quality in studies that are meta - analyzed and used indirectly, but unacceptable when they are used directly to assess teacher quality in a structured research design?
Evaluations
of any educational technology program often confront a number
of methodological problems, including the need for measures other than
standardized achievement tests, differences among students in the opportunity to learn, and differences in starting points and program implementation.
Student
achievement at schools operated by the Bureau
of Indian Affairs as measured by scores on
standardized tests is considerably lower than that
of public schools, according to a report by the federal General Accounting Office.
The finding that happiness is positively correlated with GPA is significant, Hinton notes, because GPA provides a broader picture
of academic
achievement than
standardized test scores, encompassing multiple types
of abilities and the influence
of social dynamics.
In tackling this task, Feinberg says, they «backed into» the five essential tenets
of the KIPP model: High Expectations (for academic
achievement and conduct); Choice and Commitment (KIPP students, parents, and teachers all sign a learning pledge, promising to devote the time and effort needed to succeed); More Time (extended school day, week, and year); Power to Lead (school leaders have significant autonomy, including control over their budget, personnel, and culture); and Focus on Results (scores on
standardized tests and other objective measures are coupled with a focus on character development).
But for Core proponents, the timing couldn't be worse: Just as states began implementing the new standards, 40 states receiving No Child waivers are also launching new systems to evaluate teachers, which will incorporate some measures
of student
achievement, including, where available, scores from
standardized tests.
The costs
of extra planning time are offset, however, by significant rewards, as evidenced by students» successes and their improved confidence and attitudes, as well as their
achievement on
standardized tests.
Sacks also challenges the supposed objectivity
of standardized tests and shows how repeated administration
of very similar
tests produces
test - score increases that may have little to do with real changes in
achievement.
Because
of the need for nationally
standardized achievement tests to provide fine - grained, percentile - by - percentile comparisons, it is imperative that these
tests produce a considerable degree
of score spread — in other words, plenty
of differences among
test takers» scores.
The first
of these categories are nationally
standardized achievement tests like the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills, which employ a comparative measurement stra
tests like the Iowa
Tests of Basic Skills, which employ a comparative measurement stra
Tests of Basic Skills, which employ a comparative measurement strategy.
With few exceptions, however, the assessments states have chosen to implement because
of NCLB are either nationally
standardized achievement tests or state - developed standards - based
tests — both
of which are flawed.
As a consequence, students» performances on this type
of instructionally insensitive
test often become dependent on the very same SES factors that compromise the utility
of nationally
standardized achievement tests when used for school evaluation.
• Tuition or fees at a qualified school or an eligible postsecondary institution • Textbooks • Educational therapies or services from a licensed or accredited practitioner or provider • Tutoring or teaching services • Curricula and related materials • Tuition or fees for an online learning program • Fees for a nationally
standardized norm - referenced
achievement test, an advanced placement examination, or any exams related to college or university admission • Contributions to a college savings account • Services provided by a public school, including individual classes and extracurricular programs • Any fees for the management
of the ESA