Sentences with phrase «of stimuli associated»

Second is avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma.

The emotion primitives analyzed in the fly study can be understood in the context of a stimulus associated with human fear: the sound of a gunshot.

Not exact matches

These newly implicated areas of the brain are generally associated with reward, and have been linked to the pleasurable feelings and motivational states associated with stimuli such as sex, cocaine, and good food.

It remains, to me, a tough sell that non-resource export growth and investment, along with any possible associated stimulus for the consumer (which I remain skeptical of, but again, have been wrong about), will prove to be larger than the investment hit in the oil patch.

It has been conscious that a balance needs to be struck between the benefits of monetary stimulus and the medium - term risks associated with rising levels of debt relative to our incomes.

In making their decision, the BOJ is likely to consider its impact upon the market as well as price expectations; it will ask whether a boost to dollar - yen and the Nikkei that would accompany additional monetary stimulus would last long enough to justify the increasing costs and risks of easing; each of the above strategies is associated with both.

As central banks, of which the Federal Reserve is the foremost, manage the exit of their monetary stimulus, investors should be wary of the associated risks.

Our observations of reduced fever at 1 month and reduced stuffy nose at 6 months associated with nonprone sleep positions are consistent with this hypothesis, as is the reported observation that adults with upper respiratory tract infections have lower nasal bacterial counts after lying supine for 1 hour vs lying prone for 1 hour.11 Also, infants sleeping supine swallow more frequently than infants sleeping prone in response to a pharyngeal fluid stimulus, suggesting more effective clearing of nasopharyngeal secretions in the supine position and, hence, less potential for eustachian tube obstruction and fewer ear infections.12

Flashbacks can also be triggered by tactile or sensory stimuli associated with the abuse such as smells (e.g., the scent of a particular cologne), tastes, textures or sounds.

Lucina Uddin, an associate professor of psychology in the UM College of Arts and Sciences, explains that studying the brain when it's in a resting state allows researchers to «basically look at the organization of the brain as it is without any extra stressors or stimuli.

These results show that the conditioned facilitation of defensive responses can not be explained by subthreshold actions of the conditioned stimulus on the motor neurons and support the hypothesis that Aplysia learn to associate the conditioned stimulus with a fearlike central state.

«Even a moderate dose of psilocybin weakens the processing of negative stimuli by modifying amygdala activity in the limbic system as well as in other associated brain regions,» continues Krähenmann.

Phantom limb pain is thought to relate to a «rewiring» of different parts of the brain associated with physical stimulus.

The scientists then subtracted the EEG signals taken in response to a face sequence from those of a pattern - only sequence to extract the unique signature associated with the face stimulus and tracked how this electric signal evolved over time.

At the same time, the obese girls sipping milk shakes showed decreased activation in the striatum, a region near the center of the brain that is studded with dopamine receptors and known to respond to stimuli associated with rewards.

«Disproportionate reactions to unexpected stimuli in the environment are a core symptom of PTSD,» said Pearl Chiu, an associate professor at the VTCRI and the lead author on the study.

Like humans, monkeys naturally associate members of their «in - group» with positive stimuli such as fruits, and out - group members with negative stimuli such as spiders.

«Exercise pre-conditioning may improve the muscle repair response in older adults to stimuli such as acute periods of atrophy / inactivity and / or damage,» said Gianni Parise, Ph.D., a researcher involved in the work and Associate Professor in the Department of Kinesiology at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

The researchers investigated the effects of health warnings on food choices in the presence or absence of food - associated stimuli.

The researchers suggest decreasing the level of food - associated stimuli people, and children in particular, are exposed to.

To probe the honeybee's mental prowess, Martin Giurfa of the Free University of Berlin in Germany and his colleagues first trained the insects to associate certain stimuli with a reward: sugar.

«Much of extinction training — the process of learning that a fearful cue is no longer fearful — in adult rodents closely parallels aspects of exposure - based psychotherapy for humans, where an exposure to a stimulus that was associated with trauma shares many aspects of the initial traumatic memories.»

History of these syndromes was also associated with poor performance on the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), which may be caused by the need for more time to process the visual stimuli, thus limiting the time available for the cognitive task of linking the numerals.»

The representation of a neutral stimulus in the primate amygdala changes after the animal learns to associate the stimulus with another, fear inducing stimulus, reports a study published online in Nature Neuroscience.

Brandon Hall et al (2017) p16 (Ink4a) and senescence - associated β - galactosidase can be induced in macrophages as part of a reversible response to physiological stimuli (http://www.aging-us.com/article/101268/text) or (https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.101268)

The mice that received the chemical also better remembered cues associated with unpleasant stimuli — the sort of fear conditioning that could help a mouse avoid being preyed upon.

In particular, we show that repeat proteins are excellent monomeric programmable building blocks that can be triggered to associate into a range of morphologies and can readily be engineered as stimuli - responsive biofunctional materials.

In addition to the analysis of human brain activity which is associated with the perception of chemosensory anxiety signals, it has been examined whether the neuronal activity changes during the conscious perception of the chemosensory stimuli as odors.

Genotype correlations with the immune system as a whole, as well as with cellular responses to different stimuli, provides a valuable platform for the understanding of functional impact of disease associated variants.

cardiomyocytes exhibit decreased peak shortening and maximal velocity of shortening / relengthening, prolonged time - to - 90 % relengthening, reduced intracellular calcium release upon electrical stimulus associated with a slowed intracellular calcium decay rate, and significantly higher oxygen levelse, and significantly higher oxygen levels

Tri-sets are effective simply because they extend the training stimulus to a wider pool of motor units and increase the total time under tension for the associated muscle fibers.

If you are interested in gaining muscle mass, a greater range of motion or a full range of motion is associated with a higher stimulus for muscle growth.

For example, thoughts return to the break - up, you experience feelings of loss and have emotional responses to stimuli associated with the relationship, which can include flashbacks.»

Evers reminds that while other stimuli, including loud noises and bright lights, are more associated with triggering headache symptoms, about 1 percent of the population experiences headaches due to sexual activity.

Activation occurs both «vertically» from a system to external stimulus — for example, associating an internal image of a cup with an actual cup — and «horizontally» between systems, as in associating the image of the cup with (for English speakers) the word «cup.»

The Race to the Top initiative, initially financed through the 2009 federal economic - stimulus legislation, gave Democrats the political cover to push for priorities such as expansion of charter schools, alternative teacher training, and teacher performance evaluations tied in part to students» academic gains — issues that previously had been associated most closely with Republicans.

To a dog the noise of a door bell means nothing at first (neutral stimulus), but with time, he starts associating it with people coming inside the home (conditioned stimulus) and starts getting excited / nervous / anxious (conditioned response)

To a dog the clicking noise of a clicker means nothing initially, (neutral stimulus) but after charging it by pairing it with treats, the clicker is associated with threats (conditioned stimulus) and the dog is all happy as soon as you take the clicker out of your pocket (conditioned response).

The Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov figured out that the dogs he was studying could be conditioned to associate a stimulus (for the purpose of his experiment, a bell) that had nothing to do with eating, at mealtime, and thus elicit a mealtime - appropriate response (salivating).

The resting area should help to comfort and provide security for the dog, and the rewards are intended to teach the dog to associate nothing but positives with the low levels of the stimulus.

These phobias may develop because of an inherent sensitivity to the stimulus (i.e. a genetic predisposition) or exposure to a highly traumatic experience associated with the stimulus (e.g. a carport collapsing on the pet in a windstorm).

The last is defined as a pain lasting for more than 3 months, which can persist beyond or in the absence of the original noxious stimulus and most often is not associated with an obvious external injury, but rather arises from less apparent chronic conditions, such as cancer and osteoarthritis.

In this case, the dog has been conditioned to associate the stimulus of the bell with the imminent arrival of a stranger.

If there is any sign of anxiety associated with any of these situations, then more formal reward - based training should be practiced and repeated until your pet exhibits no problems in the presence of the stimuli.

Behavioural inhibition (BI), which is a human temperament style characterized by avoidance of novel stimuli (social and non-social), withdrawal and restraint, associates with certain types of OCD (checking, doubting, obsessing, neutralizing and hoarding)[62].

Chairman Karen Douglas is the Presiding Member of both Committees; Commissioner Jeffrey D. Byron is the Associate Member of the IEPR Committee, and Commissioner Anthony Eggert is the Associate Member of the Federal Stimulus Program (Ad Hoc) Committee.

Through a series of experiments where he presented stimuli, such as ringing a bell, followed by the offering of food, Pavlov's dogs began to associate the stimuli with the food.

Symptoms of PTSD can include, but are not limited to: intruding thoughts and memories associated with the traumatic event itself, nightmares, flashbacks, somatic responses when in the presences of trauma - related stimuli, avoidant behaviors (especially of trauma - related stimuli), and an overall negative mood, affect, and thought content (American Psychiatric Association, 2013: pp. 271 - 280).

After adjustment for underlying differences in youth characteristics, respondents» alcohol use, propensity to respond to stimuli with anger, delinquent peers, parental monitoring, and exposures to violence in the community also were associated with significantly increased odds of concurrently reporting seriously violent behavior.

Adults who had been categorized as behaviorally inhibited at the age of 2 years exhibited a higher amygdala activation in response to unknown vs familiar faces16 compared with adults who were uninhibited as children, consistent with the notion that novel or ambiguous environmental stimuli of potential biological relevance activate the amygdala.17 Turning to genes that can influence the neurobiological bases of the processing of emotions, 2 common alleles, the short (S) and the long (L), in a variable repeat sequence of the serotonin transporter (5 - HTT) promoter polymorphism (5 - HTTLPR) on human chromosome 17q11 have been differently associated with greater amygdala activity in response to angry or fearful faces18 in healthy adults.