A collection of thousands
of stone artifacts supports the theory that established human groups were spreading across North America long before Clovis technology emerged
Editors» note: This story was updated on March 21, 2018, to correct the percentage
of stone artifacts made from obsidian at one Olorgesailie site.
The tools were studied by Dr. Harmand and her colleague Hélène Roche — world experts in lithic analysis, the study
of stone artifacts from the various Stone Age periods in which they were made — to interpret physical features and reconstruct the manufacturing techniques used at the prehistoric site, including experimental replication of the tools.
Not exact matches
Public Service Commission Chairwoman Julie Fedorchak said she was «extremely disappointed» that Texas - based Energy Transfer Partners waited 10 days before reporting last month's discovery
of stone cairns and other
artifacts.
Excavations revealed remains
of hearths,
stone artifacts and bones
of giant sloths.
Replication experiments demonstrate what different types
of stone tools could have done, but they do not reveal what any particular
artifact did.
The arrows are tipped with
stone points, which are replicas
of ancient
artifacts.
AMERICAN MADE A 18,500 - to 17,000 - year - old
stone artifact unearthed at Chile's Monte Verde site, shown from the side (left) and top (right), contains smooth areas where pieces
of the rock were struck off to create a scraping or cutting tool.
The import
of other
artifacts is less obvious: a stuffed porcupine that sits on Freud's desk, beside a solitary pair
of round - framed glasses; a wooden Egyptian funerary boat, mounted fore and aft by bird heads and carrying a small wrapped mummy attended by three seated women; a row
of stone knives laid upon a table; and a bearded goat head made
of clay.
«The paper by Harmand et al describes a truly pathbreaking discovery, and moves the date
of the earliest flaked
stone artifacts back by almost 3/4
of a million years.
The study
of the Lomekwi 3
artifacts suggest they could represent a transitional technological stage — a missing link — between the pounding - oriented
stone tool use
of a more ancestral hominin and the flaking - oriented knapping
of later, Oldowan toolmakers.
In fact, the distribution pattern they found showed two distinct clusters
of artifacts, one near some
stone slabs, which they interpret as the remnants
of a burial platform, and another in the nearby depression where the hikers found the Iceman's body.
It is now clear that Omar Khan Massoudi, director
of Kabul» sNational Museum, and a few other Afghans risked their lives to protect the
artifacts from the Taliban, who were intent on destroying images — and who, in 2001, succeeded in blowing up the famed Bamiyan Buddhas, towering
stone sculptures carved into the mountainside by monks about 1,500 years ago.
Dr. Harmand, the lead author, says that the Lomekwi 3
artifacts show that at least one group
of ancient hominin started intentionally «knapping»
stones — breaking off pieces with quick, hard strikes from another
stone — to make sharp tools long before previously thought.
Artifacts made
of organic materials like wood — much less likely than
stone to survive the millennia — give us «another window to the past,» Lee notes.
At one Olorgesailie site in particular, 42 percent
of more than 3,400
stone artifacts were obsidian.
The excavation also yielded a mutilated sculpture
of a divine couple and carved architectural remains that include an amalaka (a cogged piece
of carved
stone exclusively placed on the spires
of north Indian temples),
artifacts bearing a lotus motif, and a circular shrine having pranjala or water chute (another typically Hindu temple
artifact).
When comparing the history
of hydrological changes in the region with
artifacts from the Middle
Stone Age, the researchers discovered a «striking correspondence between the archaeological record
of South Africa and the timing
of the abrupt climate change» as seen in the marine core, the study states.
The collection includes
stone tools and other
artifacts, as well as fossilized bones
of animals and ancient hominins, including the Neandertal bones that formed part
of the sample used in three recent studies
of Neandertal DNA.
In the same excavation layer as the Denisovan fossils were
artifacts showing a range
of technological skill: There were thick, triangular
stone points, typical
of Neanderthals
of the so - called Middle Paleolithic tradition.
In the cave's large central chamber, a quarter - mile from the entrance, they encountered a stunning profusion
of artifacts: ceramic pots, grinding
stones, bits
of obsidian.
Hlubik and other archaeologists have excavated around 5,000
artifacts from the site — mostly chips
of bone or
stone flakes.
Jewlery, carved images
of wheat, and the remnants
of a
stone eagle are among the
artifacts from an apparent royal burial at Gonur.
Researchers have found more than 15,000
stone flakes and cores, as well as more than 900
artifacts, in layers
of sediments dating from 1.76 million to 1.85 million years ago.
Stone artifacts unearthed in the same sediment as the fossil jaw included chunks
of rock from which sharp flakes were pounded off and used as cutting tools.
The Penn Museum has a large collection
of artifacts from Ur, because in 1922, British archaeologist Leonard Woolley led a famous series
of excavations there, a joint operation between the British Museum and Penn, bringing back precious
stones and pottery, and uncovering an ancient human sacrifice.
Led by archaeologist Alessandro Vanzetti
of the University
of Rome, La Sapienza, the researchers say that Ötzi's body and
artifacts were in fact carefully placed on a
stone platform 5 meters away from where the body was later found.
After uncovering a range
of decorated crafts, ceramics and refined
stone artifacts, he says scientists have unearthed strong evidence for amalgams made
of sulfate gypsum and other local minerals to create a variety
of pigments to decorate objects and paint murals on walls.
Since then, archaeologists have begun collecting a treasure trove
of Iron Age and Bronze Age weapons, helmets, jewelry, and even a few
stone tools from the Neolithic period, roughly 6000 B.C. Best
of all, the exposed
artifacts may be just a hint
of what lies buried in the surrounding 30 - square - mile area, which should be well preserved by the valley's oxygen - poor, waterlogged soil.
The team took extensive steps to rule out the migration
of artifacts between layers, for example by refitting together broken
stone tools found in the same layer.
Scientists working in the desert badlands
of northwestern Kenya have found
stone tools dating back 3.3 million years, long before the advent
of modern humans, and by far the oldest such
artifacts yet discovered.
By the end
of the 2012 field season, excavations at the site, named Lomekwi 3, had uncovered 149
stone artifacts tied to tool - making, from
stone cores and flakes to rocks used for hammering and others possibly used as anvils to strike on.
Now, the Lomekwi
artifacts show that those ideas are correct and at least one group
of ancient hominin started intentionally knapping
stones to make tools long before previously thought.
They are known primarily by the cultural
artifacts they left behind, especially a type
of stone point used on hunting spears.
«When we had the volcanic ash identified, we were stunned, because that would make this
stone tool one
of the oldest
artifacts in North America,» Patrick O'Grady, with the University
of Oregon Archaeological Field School, who led the excavations at the Rimrock Draw Rockshelter, where the tool was found, said in a statement.
The interesting point here is that no Neanderthal remains have been found at this site, only
stone tool
artifacts said to be
of the same Mousterian technology as that used by H. neanderthalensis.
al., reported finding
stone artifacts and modified wood with radiocarbon dates
of 22,500 ± 500 and 23,320 ± 1000 years B.P. from the Santa Elina rockshelter in Mato Grosso, Brazil (Gruhn 1997:29).
Understanding
stone tools by simply observing archaeological
artifacts is a tricky thing - even seeing that these objects are
artifacts can be challenging if you don't have years
of experience.
The character
of some
of these horizons may not meet the traditional criteria used by some archaeologists to define valid early sites, such as spatially continuous and multiple activity areas with numerous features,
artifact clusters, and diagnostic bifacial
stone tool assemblages [6,26,27].
The new evidence is multiple, spatially discontinuous, low - density occurrences
of stratigraphic in situ
stone artifacts, faunal remains, and burned areas that suggests discrete horizons
of ephemeral human activity radiocarbon dated between ~ 14,500 and possibly as early as 19,000 cal BP.
Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's
Stone is, despite its trickery, that plainest and least surprising
of artifacts: the work
of art that is exactly the sum
of its parts, neither more nor less.
One by one, the film's black - antlered villainess assesses the
artifacts — which include the highly sought - after blue «infinity
stone» — with a series
of blunt dismissals: «Fake!»
The Skull, who vanished after attempting to wield the Tesseract in The First Avenger, appears on the planet Vormir as guardian
of the Soul
Stone and the man who informs Thanos
of the sacrifice he must make if he wants to attain the cosmic
artifact.
Throughout various movies, we had come to learn
of the special powers
of each one
of the cosmic
artifacts: the Space
Stone allowed teleportation throughout space; the Reality
Stone can alter reality itself; the Power
Stone is raw power that affects any organic matter; the Mind
Stone can affect the minds
of others; and the Time
Stone can manipulate time itself.
The trailers for «Infinity War» have all but confirmed what fans suspected at the end
of «Thor: Ragnarok»: When Thanos comes calling after the Asgardians escape the destruction
of their planet, Loki (Tom Hiddleston) hands over the Tesseract, the powerful
artifact from «The Avengers» that houses the Space Infinity
Stone.
With the Soul
Stone as the last remaining Infinity
Stone not to make a cameo in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ahead
of Infinity War, the thought was the cosmic
artifact would play a role in Black Panther.
The story revolves around a rather unlucky fellow by the name
of Killian von Rohcoff who becomes tangled up in a web
of misfortune at the center
of which lies the Wicked
Stone, a mysterious ancient
artifact.
All along the way are the famous shops and vendors
of the «souk» hawking trinkets,
artifacts and junk together with delicacies made from recipes as old as the
stones themselves.
Notice the scalloped
artifacts of the LED frontlighting against the table
of contents
of «Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's
Stone.»
Discovered by a farmer, whose cattle wondered in here in search
of water, the Echo Caves have unearthed a series
of Stone Age
artifacts now housed in the nearby Museum
of Man.