Sentences with phrase «of stratospheric water vapour»

... there is little quantification of the stratospheric water vapour change attributable to different causes.

The contributions of stratospheric water vapour and ozone, volcanic eruptions, and organic and black carbon are small.»

Recent studies have shown a doubling of stratospheric water vapour, likely from increasing atmospheric heights due to global warming, overshooting thunderstorm tops from stronger tropical cyclones and mesoscale convective systems etc...

Not exact matches

Those data, to be collected this year and next, could improve climate models, which account poorly for these atmospheric interactions and contain «horrific» uncertainties about the levels and behaviour of water vapour at stratospheric altitudes, Austin says.

I would assume that the increase in stratospheric water vapour would make for a thicker vail of sulfuric acid given a large volcanic eruption.

Forster, P.M. de F., and K.P. Shine, 2002: Assessing the climate impact of trends in stratospheric water vapour.

The difference is in the residence time, mainly due to the lack of water vapour: the stratospheric injection of SO2 by the Pinatubo did last 2 - 3 years before the reflecting drops were large enough to fall out of the atmosphere.

There is a potential issue with aerosols and stratospheric water vapour over the short term period of the «plateau».

[The paper was] the first proper computation of global warming and stratospheric cooling from enhanced greenhouse gas concentrations, including atmospheric emission and water - vapour feedback.

«The observed temporal trends in stratospheric water vapour are poorly understood and this demonstrates our lack of understanding of how water vapour enters the stratosphere.

I think forcing from stratospheric water vapour, including that from oxidation of methane, is normally accounted for separately from methane forcing.

No matter what the origin is, however, Karen Rosenlof, a member of Solomon's team, says it is now clear that stratospheric water vapour has a significant effect on global warming and that models» inability to take this effect into account is a significant failing.

The Met Office held a briefing for the press to explain that the reduction in warming might be natural variation, or could be accounted for by a mixture of a decrease in stratospheric water vapour and the cooling bias introduced by new methodology.

As obvious on figures 6 - A and 6 - B, Ttop and Ptop are determined by the water vapour that radiates over some 1900 cm - 1 much more than the 40 cm - 1 of the tropospheric CO2 near 614 cm - 1 and 718 cm - 1.; stratospheric radiation to the cosmos is not very important because the cooling of each layer is exactly equal to its heating mostly by UV absorbed by Ozone.

Methane is an important part of the anthropogenic radiative forcing Methane emissions have a direct GHG effect, and they effect atmospheric chemistry and stratospheric water vapour which have additional impacts natural feedbacks involving methane likely to be important in future — via wetland response to temperature / rain change, atmospheric chemistry and, yes, arctic sources There are large stores of carbon in the Arctic, some stored as hydrates, some potentially convertible to CH4 by anaerobic resporation [from wikianswers: Without oxygen.

Based on chemical transport model studies, the RF from the increase in stratospheric water vapour due to oxidation of CH4 is estimated to be +0.07 [± 0.05] W m — 2, with a low level of scientific understanding.

Three analyses of the NASA NVAP satellite data show little or no empirical correlation between either surface temperature or atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, Solomon et al in fact shows a 10 % decrease in stratospheric water vapour in the decade pre-2000.

We calculate an escape time of the order of 108 — 109 years even with the increased stratospheric water vapour and temperature at 16 × CO2.

6.6.1 Effects of Stratospheric Ozone Changes on Radiatively Active Species 6.6.2 Indirect Forcings of Methane, Carbon Monoxide and Non-Methane Hydrocarbons 6.6.3 Indirect Forcing by NOx Emissions 6.6.4 Stratospheric Water Vapour

* The GWP for methane includes indirect effects of tropospheric ozone production and stratospheric water vapour production.

Stratospheric water vapour forcing is not imposed or calculated separately in GISS - E2 - R, but arises from the oxidation of methane.

Future climate change may cause either an increase or a decrease in background tropospheric ozone, due to the competing effects of higher water vapour and higher stratospheric input; increases in regional ozone pollution are expected due to higher temperatures and weaker circulation.

I have considered the possibility that stratospheric water vapour forcing might account for the excess of Historical forcing values over the sum of all the individual forcing values.

On the other hand, as well as being a powerful GHG it is a source of tropospheric ozone and stratospheric water vapour, both of which add to the basic forcing from methane.

A change in stratospheric water vapour because of the increase in methane over the industrial period would be a forcing of the climate (and is one of the indirect effects of methane we discussed last year), but a change in the tropopause flux is a response to other factors in the climate system.

Stratospheric water vapour comes from two sources — the uplift of tropospheric water through the very cold tropical tropopause (both as vapour and as condensate), and the oxidation of methane in the upper stratosphere (CH4 +2 O2 — > CO2 + 2H2O NB: this is just a schematic, the actual chemical pathways are more complicated).