What is often overlooked is the fact that these concepts also apply to laboratory animals, making diet a critical
part of study design.
What follows is a
summary of the study design and the effects found on the main outcomes measured in the study, including any such outcomes for which no or adverse effects were found.
Important directions for future research include the
use of study designs and analytic approaches that account for the direction of effects and for developmental changes in parenting and temperament over time.
Existing research appraisal tools do not always capture important
elements of study design that are critical when comparing outcomes by planned place of birth.
Exposure from drinking water has been extensively investigated, yet the data is difficult to interpret because of the
variety of study designs, and their range of quality.
The funding organizations had no influence on the
conduct of the study design, data collection, management, analysis or interpretation of the data.
This information was not part of the published research paper because it was not
part of the study design — it wasn't what the researchers were investigating.
Most notably, she will serve as codirector of the school's Urban Superintendents Program, a rigorous
course of study designed for professionals who wish to transform education as superintendents of our nation's urban school systems.
Middle Schools All nine middle schools offer comprehensive
programs of study designed to meet state grade level and graduation requirements.
We considered this a critical
aspect of the study design because our primary goal was to determine the effect of the diet per se on total glycated hemoglobin, without the confounding effect of weight loss (or gain) or a reduced (or increased) food - energy intake.
The USP is a rigorous course
of study designed for professionals who have worked innovatively and effectively in metropolitan school districts as teachers, school principals, or central office administrators.
Overview of the Study Design: Randomized controlled trial of of PROSPER in a sample of 28 rural towns and small cities in Iowa and Pennsylvania, conducted 2002 - 2009.
He examined data from nearly 13,000 Americans who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a
series of studies designed to assess the health and nutritional status of adults and children in the United States.
«Although in this study we found that higher total carbohydrate and total sugar were associated with higher mortality in head and neck cancer patients,
because of the study design we can't say that there's a definitive cause - effect relationship,» lead author Anna Arthur, a professor of food science and human nutrition at the University of Illinois, said in a statement.
Finally, the systematic review methodology evaluates the primary research for the presence
of study design features, identified by content and methodological experts, necessary to make the primary research valid for the review question.
In the first study, the low a priori inferential
strength of the study design means that this probability will not be much different from the a priori value of 0.5 because any result will be rather equivocal owing to limitations in the experimental design.
The real therapeutic benefit of a new drug... becomes visible only through modifications and
adaptations of the study design that simulate the clinical treatment context.
Over the last 50 years, neuroscience has seen an «increase in research flexibility and the
complexity of study designs combined with the stability of sample size and search for increasingly subtle effects,» the article's authors write.
Vision researchers in Boston have published the second
paper of a study designed to determine if a driver who suffers from loss of central vision is able to detect pedestrians in a timely manner when driving.
Not only do these posters demonstrate the
relevance of studying Design & Technology but they can also open the eyes of younger pupils and their parents to career possibilities that they may not have realised existed or were accessible.
In this set of eight studies, Lalli and Feger (2005) was the sole
example of a study designed to compare the effects of systematically varied structures in teacher leader preparation programs.
Ratings are provided for Study Quality, including ratings from our TRC members on the technical
rigor of the study design; Study Results, which provides information about the findings of the studies; Program Information, or information about the intervention including the target behavior it addresses and implementation requirements; and Additional Research, which provides information about other studies and reviews that have been conducted on the intervention.
One of the most meaningful assignments we undertake is a Themed Literature Unit, a structured
unit of study designed to develop crucial literacy skills as students read, write about, discuss, and sometimes respond artistically to high - quality children's literature.
Drawing upon the
findings of a study designed to identify the traits of star performers, Bill Henderson explores an alternative to the law firm model and explains why firms will resist despite a potential for higher profits.
We need not look any further than our own association, institutes, societies, and councils to find excellent courses
of study designed specifically for our own areas of interest.
More than 10,000 people participate in NHANES, a
program of studies designed to assess the health and nutritional status of adults and children in the United States.
Much of the reason for this centers around limitations in several key
aspects of study design that have possibly confounded study outcomes.
Overview of the Study Design: Randomized controlled trial evaluating county - wide implementation of Triple P in a sample of 18 rural and semi-urban South Carolina counties.
As
part of the study design, surveyors recruited participants traditionally underrepresented in other surveys about mobile phone use, including minorities, and people with low incomes.