Leary assimilated the term from the field
of subatomic physics, in particular the spiral of magnets that align atoms before they are smashed together in a particle collider.
Across the continent, people were lining up by the millions on one side or the other of a new binary system, being told they were «positive» or «negative» as if they had turned overnight into protons and electrons and everyone spoke
of subatomic physics, rather than of who was going to live and who was going to be shunned, endure terrible suffering, and die.
Researchers include Chad Olinger of Applied Modern Physics (P - 21), Andy Saunders and Chris Morris
of Subatomic Physics (P - 25), Sven Vogel of Materials Science in Radiation and Dynamic Extremes (MST - 8), Rhian Jones of the University of New Mexico, and A. Tremsin of the University of California, Berkeley.
He drafted a blueprint
of subatomic physics that he called the Eightfold Way.
Curiously, though the discoveries
of subatomic physics signal to some a breakdown of modern dualism, the implications of such discoveries have been slow to penetrate most people's consciousness (including that of many scientists), and they may in fact merely lead to another sort of dualism.
The human mind has proved capable of comprehending the counterintuitive world
of subatomic physics and the cosmic realms of curved spacetime.
Not exact matches
When women routinely win Nobel Prizes in
physics, chemistry or medicine, when a woman becomes a world chess champion, when a woman conceives and develops a brand new computer chip that represents a significant advancement over quad cores, when a woman invents warp drive or phasers, when a woman solves an «insolvable» math problem, when a woman, while working with the Large Hadron Collider, discovers the now - hypothetical Higgs Boson to be an actual scalar
subatomic particle, when a woman figures out how to pinpoint the exact location
of an electron at any point in time, when a woman working for Merck or Pfizer develops a remedy for Alzheimer's disease, when a woman's baseball team can defeat the New York Yankees, when a woman can bench press six hundred pounds, run the 100 meter dash in under nine seconds or set a world record in the high jump, then the fairer sex will have made an advance or contribution unlike any it has made before.
The succession
of scientific discoveries and revolutions in
physics over the last 500 years have led to fundamental paradigm shifts (Kuhn, The Structure
of Scientific Revolutions, 1962) in the way that science conceives
of the reality
of this universe both on the cosmological scale and in the
subatomic realm, and perhaps even beyond this universe.
In our May 2011 Cutting Edge column and our November 2005 editorial we applied this insight to low - level, or
subatomic,
physics, using De Broglie's interpretation
of quantum mechanics.
In Quantum Mechanics (QM), the
physics of atomic and
subatomic particles, predictions are formulated in terms
of probabilities, yet Einstein felt that «God does not play dice with the universe», to which Neils Bohr apparently replied: «Stop telling God what to do with his dice!.»
Birch and Cobb maintain that the ecological model is more adequate than the mechanical model for explaining DNA, the cell, other biological subject matter (as well as
subatomic physics), because it holds that living things behave as they do only in interaction with other things which constitute their environment (LL 83) and because «the constituent elements
of the structure at each level (
of an organism) operate in patterns
of interconnectedness which are not mechanical» (LL 83).
The implication
of the new
subatomic physics was that certainty was replaced by probability, or the notion
of tendencies rather than absolutes: «we can never predict an atomic event with certainty; we can only predict the likelihood
of its happening»... This directly contradicts the mechanistic model we explored above, and it implies that a subject such as normal birth needs to be looked at as a whole rather than its parts...»
In one model, cosmologists propose that dark energy emerges from the fuzzy laws
of quantum
physics, which govern the
subatomic realm.
Perhaps the most far - reaching aspect
of Barbour's view
of gravity is that it could reconcile general relativity and quantum mechanics, the
physics of the
subatomic realm, marking a major step toward the long - sought theory
of everything.
Einstein also failed to deliver an all - encompassing theory
of «quantum gravity» — one that reconciled the laws
of gravity observed on the scale
of stars and galaxies with the laws
of quantum mechanics, the branch
of physics that explains the behavior
of particles in the
subatomic realm.
Today some
of the best minds in
physics are fixated on the event horizon, pondering what would happen to hypothetical astronauts and
subatomic particles upon reaching the precipice
of a black hole.
«The frontiers
of fundamental
physics have traditionally been studied with particle colliders, such as the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, by smashing together
subatomic particles at great energies,» says UCSD physicist George Fuller, who collaborated with Paris and other staff scientists at Los Alamos to develop the novel theoretical model.
Physics deals with both the origins and the fate
of the universe, and with its most basic building blocks: nuclear forces,
subatomic particles and the like.
We are spared such paradoxes because the rules
of quantum
physics seem confined to
subatomic objects — in the human - scale world, a cat is either alive or dead.
She traces those anomalies back to a fraction
of a fraction
of a second after the Big Bang, when our universe was so small that it behaved like a
subatomic particle, dominated by quantum
physics.
Two giants
of 20th century
physics have recently offered 21st century views on how to interpret the quantum math that requires the
subatomic world to be so weird.
Quantum mechanics govern the behavior
of matter at the atomic and
subatomic levels in exotic and counterintuitive ways as compared to the everyday world
of classical
physics.
With the discovery
of the Higgs boson, the last missing piece, the SM
of particle
physics now accounts for all known
subatomic particles and correctly describes their interactions.
The grandfather
of particle and nuclear
physics facilities in Canada, TRIUMF, is located on the University
of British Columbia campus and provides facilities for experiments in
subatomic research with beams
of pions, muons, protons, and neutrons.
Before the Large Hadron Collider goes hunting for sparticles, it will first test the boundaries
of the standard model
of particle
physics, the reigning theory
of how
subatomic particles behave (see «Catch Me if You Can» by Karen Wright, Discover, July 2005).
But the most pragmatic application could be quantum computing, so - called because such computers would operate according to the
physics of subatomic particles, known as quantum mechanics.
Astrophysicists are gearing up to haul in neutrinos from an exploding star in our own galaxy in hopes that the
subatomic particles will provide unparalleled insights into the
physics of star death
Last week, the OPERA experiment rocked the foundations
of physics when it reported
subatomic particles called neutrinos apparently breaking the light - speed barrier (see ««Light - speed» neutrinos point to new physical reality»).
But there are many different reasons for studying neutrinos from the cosmic to the
subatomic, and the prospect
of finding new
physics is among the most exciting for the physicists.
The 1960s and 1970s could be considered a heyday
of particle
physics, when many
subatomic particles — and not just elementary ones, it turns out — were being discovered.
Though he remained forever ambivalent about it, his most public achievement came in 1965, when he won the Nobel Prize in
Physics, sharing it with Julian Schwinger and Shin» ichiro Tomonaga for their work in quantum electrodynamics, a description
of how
subatomic particles interact.
Early on, two teams had spied a telltale anomaly in the
subatomic wreckage: an excess
of energy from proton collisions that hinted at new
physics perhaps produced by WIMPs (or, to be fair, many additional exotic possibilities).
A physicist who studies elementary
subatomic particles and their role in the evolution
of the universe, Bellerive holds the position
of Canada Research Chair in Experimental Particle
Physics at Carleton University in Ottawa and works closely with the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO).
«We catch hundreds
of Rubidium atoms in a magnetic trap and cool them so that they form an ultracold Bose - Einstein condensate,» says Professor Jörg Schmiedmayer from the Institute for Atomic and
Subatomic Physics at the Vienna University
of Technology.
Some have pointed out that a value
of 125 GeV would be good news for supersymmetry, a theory that predicts that each particle would have a heavier partner known as a superparticle (at least for particles within the framework
of the Standard Model
of particle
physics, the currently accepted description
of the
subatomic world).
The images used in this study — relevant to particle - collider nuclear
physics experiments at Brookhaven National Laboratory's Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and CERN's Large Hadron Collider — recreate the conditions
of a
subatomic particle «soup,» which is a superhot fluid state known as the quark - gluon plasma believed to exist just millionths
of a second after the birth
of the universe.
Remarkably, photosynthesis appears to derive its ferocious efficiency not from the familiar physical laws that govern the visible world but from the seemingly exotic rules
of quantum mechanics, the
physics of the
subatomic world.
While high - energy particle
physics often focuses on detection
of subatomic particles, such as the recently discovered Higgs Boson, the new quark - gluon - plasma research instead examines behavior
of a volume
of such particles.
A search committee offered the council a shortlist
of three names: Frank Linde, who heads the Dutch National Institute for
Subatomic Physics in Amsterdam; Terry Wyatt
of the University
of Manchester, UK; and Gianotti.
Protons are essentially accumulations
of even smaller
subatomic particles called quarks and gluons, which are bound together by interactions known in
physics parlance as the strong force.
«However, in narrow photonic waveguides, the electric field
of the light resembles the rotor
of a helicopter,» explains Arno Rauschenbeutel from the Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology at the Institute
of Atomic and
Subatomic Physics of TU Wien, Austria.
Microscopic black holes could provide a window into the quantum world, the
subatomic realm where the most intractable puzzles
of physics remain.
Eleanor Dunling is a PhD student based at TRIUMF, one
of the world's leading
subatomic physics laboratories based in Vancouver.
Conservation
of the number
of leptons —
subatomic particles such as electrons, muons, or neutrinos that do not take part in strong interactions — was written into the Standard Model
of particle
physics.
The discovery
of the Higgs boson represents the final piece
of the puzzle in the Standard Model
of particle
physics, a theory that describes how three
of the four fundamental forces — electromagnetic, weak and strong nuclear forces — interact at the
subatomic level (but does not include gravity).
Weak neutral currents are one way that
subatomic particles can interact via the weak force, one
of the four fundamental interactions in particle
physics.
(Or, you know, throw your hands in the air and keep each account as an undifferentiated copy
of the whole, like a perfect atom because you're not going to mess around with the
subatomic physics nonsense that this involves: particle accelerators are for nerds and supervillains).
Armed with his quantum bio-belt and a prodigal knowledge
of physics, players can utilise all
of scientist Ryan Choi's
subatomic powers to deliver justice against Superman's regime.
Foregrounding their conditions
of presentation, ownership, reception, and provenance, artworks, artifacts, and their passage through time and narrative discourses are played off the figure
of the cloud chamber — an early twentieth century device that used water vapor to mark the movement
of subatomic particles, and which laid the ground for the study
of particle
physics by photographing the patterns these movements produced.
As I understand it, the basic theory is that incoming charged particles provide additional cloud condensation nucleii (like the cloud chambers used as detectors in early
subatomic physics), that the rate
of incoming particles is modulated by the magnetic fields
of the sun and earth, and that therefore the amount
of cloud cover varies with the particle flux, which in turn drives climate, so we can stop worrying about CO2.