Sentences with phrase «of subcortical»

The Workshop: Current research is showing major breakthroughs in what happens in the brain following trauma, indicating that insight and understanding may have a limited influence on the operation of subcortical processes and the resolution of trauma.

Current neuroscience research indicates that insight and understanding may have only a limited influence on the operation of subcortical processes disrupted by traumatic and relational wounds of war.

Studies have shown that cognitive fatigue is due to a failure of the non-motor function of the basal ganglia, a group of subcortical nuclei in the deep brain.

Here we demonstrate that humor modulates activity in several cortical regions, and we present new evidence that humor engages a network of subcortical regions including the nucleus accumbens, a key component of the mesolimbic dopaminergic reward system.

«Discovery of the characteristics of subcortical regions in schizophrenia.»

Contrary to previous assumptions, dopamine helps both strengthen and weaken synapses made by cortical cells onto cells of the subcortical striatum.

«During the development from childhood to adolescence, the spontaneous activity of cortical regions involved in basic sensory perception decouples from the activity of subcortical structures relaying sensory information from the sensory organs to the cortex,» explains Keysers.

Both halves are extensions of subcortical, sensory relay centers; the neocortex or new brain is an outgrowth of the old brain.

Not exact matches

The K - D test, originally developed in the 1980's by optometrists Al King and Steve Devick at the Illinois College of Optometry, provides objective measures of many aspects of brain function, including subcortical (subconscious) pathways that extend beyond eye movements.

Physiologic studies have demonstrated that, in general, swaddling decreases startling, 301 increases sleep duration, and decreases spontaneous awakenings.310 Swaddling also decreases arousability (ie, increases cortical arousal thresholds) to a nasal pulsatile air - jet stimulus, especially in infants who are easily arousable when not swaddled but less so in infants who have high arousal thresholds when not swaddled.301 One study found decreased arousability in infants at 3 months of age who were not usually swaddled and then were swaddled but found no effect on arousability in routinely swaddled infants.301 In contrast, another group of investigators showed decreased arousal thresholds310 and increases in autonomic (subcortical) responses311 to an auditory stimulus when swaddled.

This is the same subcortical structure that reacts to fast unconscious assessment of threats.

Although arduous to collect, these data represent the first report in living humans of scalp - delivered tDCS voltage measurements across DBS electrodes at the subcortical level.

If you go into the brain stem or into other subcortical areas of the brain, the neurons have no distinguishing features.

«Typically, an overproduction of axons and synapses can be found during early puberty, followed by rapid pruning during later puberty, indicating that connections and communication between subcortical and cortical regions are in a highly transitional state during this period.»

The increased interaction between cortical and subcortical brain regions highlights the central role of hypersensitivity and other sensory symptoms in defining Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).

The grand symphonic piece that is consciousness encompasses the foundational contributions of the brain stem, forever hitched to the body, and the wider - than - the - sky imagery created in the cooperation of cerebral cortex and subcortical structures, all harmoniously stitched together, in ceaseless forward motion, interruptible only by sleep, anesthesia, brain dysfunction, or death.

«We did not find evidence of genetic overlap between schizophrenia risk and subcortical volume measures, either at the level of common variant genetic architecture or for single genetic markers.

They compared and analyzed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain images of 1,680 healthy individuals and 884 patients with schizophrenia from 11 research institutes participating in Cognitive Genetics Collaborative Research Organization (COCORO), and examined the differences between schizophrenia and healthy controls in the subcortical regional volumes and their asymmetries.

A new study led by Patrick F. Sullivan, MD, FRANZCP, a researcher and professor at both the University of North Carolina School of Medicine and the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, Sweden, evaluated the relationship between common genetic variants implicated in schizophrenia and those associated with subcortical brain volumes.

«No link found between subcortical brain volumes, genetic risk for schizophrenia: Proof - of - concept study provides roadmap for future research into possible associations between brain volume measures, known genetic risk factors.»

«It is interesting to consider the evolutionary importance of the connection between the auditory areas, cortical, and the more primitive system of emotional evaluation, subcortical,» says the researcher.

According to Irene Esteban - Cornejo, postdoctoral researcher at the University of Granada and main author of this paper, gray matter volume in the cortical and subcortical regions influenced by physical fitness improves in turn the children's academic performance.

This suggests that functional brain networks are optimized toward processing speed and a high level of efficient global information integration between cortical and subcortical regions of the brain network.

In summary, individual functional brain networks were formed out of all the cortical and subcortical brain voxels (∼ 9500 voxels, called nodes) with connections between all functionally linked voxels.

More specifically, the researchers have confirmed that physical fitness in children (especially aerobic capacity and motor ability) is associated with a greater volume of gray matter in several cortical and subcortical brain regions.

Imaging studies have shown differences in the frontal cortex and subcortical structures of the brain in patients with OCD.

Please see Fig. 3 for presentation of results that include subcortical gray matter structures.

Functional MRI of the immediate impact of transcranial magnetic stimulation on cortical and subcortical motor circuits.

Fetal neurosonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have also showed diffuse calcification in the subcortical parenchyma and thalamic areas, ventriculomegaly, lissencephaly, and pachygyria (ie, smooth brains with reduced gyral ridges).6 Nevertheless, to our knowledge, a systematic follow - up of clinical and morphological features of these cases along with anatomic and pathological descriptions associated with congenital ZIKV infection has not been reported.

Seed - based, resting - state connectivity analysis revealed that the site of stimulation in both patients was at the core of a large - scale distributed network linking aMCC to the frontoinsular and frontopolar as well as some subcortical regions.

«Our findings confirm that of prior studies showing that these patients tend to have lesions of the frontal - subcortical network.

Much of the literature on maternal behavior has focused on the role of infant experience and hormones in a canonical subcortical circuit for maternal motivation and maternal memory.

Gross brain pathology from infants with presumed or laboratory - confirmed ZIKV infection, primarily from neuroimaging, closely resembles neuropathology associated with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV).48 The most notable difference is the distribution of intracranial calcifications (ie, typically subcortical in congenital ZIKV infection and periventricular in CMV).48, 49 Such calcifications are likely dystrophic and related to cell death, either by necrosis, apoptosis, or both.50

Applications in clinical neuroscience have been particularly useful, and have provided insights into systems - level cortical and subcortical anomalies of functional connectivity in neurodevelopmental disorders such as attention - deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, Castellanos and Proal, 2012) and schizophrenia (Yu et al., 2012).

Although many of the components of this syndrome, such as cognitive, sensory, and motor disabilities, are shared by other congenital infections, 5 features differentiate CZS from other congenital infections: (1) severe microcephaly with partially collapsed skull; (2) thin cerebral cortices with subcortical calcifications; (3) macular scarring and focal pigmentary retinal mottling; (4) congenital contractures; and (5) marked early hypertonia with symptoms of extrapyramidal involvement (Table).

Subcortical connectivity of the executive - control network mirrors that seen in the monkey (Selemon and Goldman - Rakic, 1988) and does not extend to autonomic control sites.

Another set of neural structures that may not contribute directly to conscious experience are subcortical structures such as the basal ganglia.

The infant is a «subcortical creature... [who] lacks the means for modulation of behavior which is made possible by the development of cortical control» (Diamond, Balvin and Diamond, 1963, p. 305).

Subcortical volumetric differences between clinical stages of young people with affective and psychotic disorders.

These functional maps had large heterogeneous activations, so we parsed them by structure in MNI space to create a final set of functional masks using FSLView's Harvard - Oxford Cortical and Subcortical atlases.

A number of psychologists have described some forms of love just as you have: like an addiction; there is intense desire to spend time with the object of our affection, we experience intense cravings, emotional dependence, mood swings, and even loss of control and compulsive behaviors.1 In one study utilizing fMRI technology (brain imaging), subcortical reward systems in the brain were activated when adults viewed photographs of someone who had rejected their love; 2 this part of the brain is the same area that lights up when people experience intense, romantic love3 and is rich in dopamine, which is a neurotransmitter associated with rewards like pleasure.

The highest levels of management of self and emotional regulation are thought to involve at least 5 frontal - subcortical circuits, or feed - back loops, which exchange information back and forth (Hale and Fiorello, 2004).

Magnetic resonance imaging analysis of amygdala and other subcortical brain regions in adolescents with bipolar disorder

The use of strategies that work directly with subcortical brain regions and the body can assist children in becoming more resourced to access the aftermath of chronic early trauma.

Also noteworthy in this context, the prefrontal brain systems that process rewards and support reward - based decision - making undergo a prolonged and vulnerable developmental trajectory, and an impaired capacity of these prefrontal systems to regulate subcortical structures (particularly striatal regions of the basal ganglia) is implicated in risky, impulsive and otherwise disadvantageous decision - making from childhood through later life (for review, Fareri et al.

The table contains significant clusters of voxels (at least 10 significant voxels) within gyral or subcortical white - matter tracts on the Tract - Based Spatial Statistics - derived fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD) and mean diffusivity (MD) skeletons between groups (CD / CU +, CD / CU - and healthy controls).