Rather than presenting performance as the proportion of students who have met the minimum - proficiency cut score, states could present the average (mean) score of students within the school and the average
performance of each subgroup of students.
As a part of the new Local Control Funding Formula tentatively approved by legislative leaders and Gov. Jerry Brown this week, school districts will be required to track and report the academic
progress of subgroups of students as small as 30 members.
Those schools still will be deemed to meet the AYP requirement if: The proportion of students in the relevant subgroup who failed to score proficient or higher has declined by at least 10 percent from the preceding school year; the group has exhibited progress on one or more additional academic indicators required by the law; and not less than 95
percent of each subgroup of students enrolled in the school took the tests on which adequate yearly progress is based.
In an effort to improve conditions for special populations, ESSA requires districts and schools to address the
needs of subgroups of students that consistently underperform.
Planners can gain additional insights by analyzing the
performance of subgroups of students, in particular the learning progress of students of different socioeconomic backgrounds, ability levels, language experiences, ethnicities, races, and genders.
One example: NCLB says schools are accountable for the
progress of subgroups of students — such as those with disabilities or those who are not fluent in English — only when there's a critical mass of at least 100 students in that subgroup on a given campus.
State accountability systems must meaningfully hold schools accountable if fewer than 95 percent of all students or
of any subgroup of students were not included in the state's assessment.
NCLB mandated that states judge schools and districts, and impose punishments, based on test scores of the entire school and district and
of subgroups of students: different ethnic groups, English language learners, children living in poverty and students with disabilities.