(3) The Demands of Logic: The materialistic philosophy of nature fails to take into account not only our experience
of subjective consciousness and the modern revolution in physics.
Not exact matches
More specifically,
consciousness is the
subjective form
of an intellectual feeling.
(PR 130) Yet this is puzzling, for
consciousness is a feature
of the
subjective forms
of at least some phases
of some concrescences, and the
subjective forms
of earlier phases
of concrescence can not be simply eliminated in later phases,
of which the satisfaction
of course is last.
It is a «theology
of consciousness» instead
of a «theology
of facts,» for God «can never be known apart from
subjective experience.»
In Farley's case the circle is broken by introducing a
subjective construal
of habitus, and hence
of theology, as a mode
of consciousness.
Under Category
of Explanation XIII, Whitehead notes that «there are many species
of subjective forms, such as emotions, valuations, purposes, adversions,
consciousness, etc.» (PR 35).
It is the function
of a particular kind
of complex integration
of physical and conceptual feelings which yields the higher intellectual feelings with the
subjective form
of consciousness.
In the case
of the woman strolling beside the Empire State Building on lunch break, one might say that whereas God does not convey to her the information that there is in fact a piano falling her way, he could shoot into her
consciousness via
subjective aim an awareness
of the possibility that a piano just might be falling her way.
Still, like any philosophy, it has its dangers, the chief
of which is subjectivism» the view, which soon became prevalent, that there is nothing but
subjective consciousness and that the world is but a construction or projection
of the self.
Consciousness is found chiefly in the
subjective form
of intellectual feelings, and «intellectual feelings, in their primary function, are concentration
of attention involving increase
of importance» (PR 416).
I propose that we understand self -
consciousness as the
subjective form characterized by a vivid feeling
of «mineness» as it unifies high - grade multiple contrasts.
However, because
of the notorious vagueness
of the term «
subjective,» I prefer the term «agent self -
consciousness.»
For Whitehead,
consciousness is the
subjective form
of an intellectual feeling — that is, a feeling
of the contrast between what is, a physical feeling, and what could be, a propositional feeling.
If my past self was conscious, then it is now conscious in God, since
consciousness is part
of the
subjective form being reenacted, 7 but it is the
consciousness of that past self, not my present self.
Divine
consciousness would be multifaceted, embracing the
consciousnesses of every reality that had included this as its
subjective form.
But what the mind can imagine in this primitive and picture — like manner does not exhaust our
subjective repertoire; a neglected form, prominent within private
consciousness, is
of primary importance to our question.
Our developed
consciousness fastens on the sensum as datum: our basic animal experience entertains it as a type
of subjective feeling.
For the subject - object relation is an assertion
of ego, one's ordering the world about his
subjective, personal
consciousness, and as such it offers a handhold to all
of the invidious evaluations that separate men from things, from each other, and from their own deepest life itself.
The attempt
of behaviouristic psychology, for example, to externalize reality into pure action - response not only denies the reality
of the participating
subjective consciousness but, equally important, the reality
of personality as a more or less integral whole and the reality
of the relations between persons as that which calls the personality into existence.
Including the
subjective immediacy, this «objective» immortality also includes
consciousness in those cases where
consciousness is the
subjective form
of immediacy.
He is often said to have inaugurated the «
subjective turn» — credited with recognizing that we have to start from an analysis
of consciousness and treat all the «objects»
of our knowledge as shaped, distorted, conditioned by our «
subjective» filters.
He wrote (p. 267, my translation): «The world is a richly varied configuration
of interdependent qualities; some
of these are given factors in my (or another's)
consciousness, and I call these
subjective or psychic, others are not directly given to any
consciousness and these I term objective or extramental — the concept
of the psychical does not arise in this connection.»
Hamilton personally is dubious about
subjective immortality, i.e., the continuation
of the present stream
of consciousness beyond death.
In the marital act, moreover, husband and wife do not use their bodies as instruments to provide them with
subjective states
of consciousness but rather respect their bodies as intrinsic to themselves as bodily persons.
Secondly, conceptual feelings, apart from complex integration with physical feelings, are devoid
of consciousness in their
subjective forms.»
Where
consciousness occurs, it appears as the
subjective form
of some part
of the higher phases
of experience.
With the modernist position that being does not transcend
consciousness (being is posited by
consciousness), any
subjective foundation which is achieved can be the object
of a further more radical
subjective foundation.
This experience may in some way be connected with an event
of revelation, and it may be necessary first to extract the distinctive Christian self -
consciousness, but that does not make it any the less
subjective.
Is the history recorded in the New Testament just a vague reality which underlies the Christian
consciousness, the contours
of which can no longer be recovered, or is it not rather the event par excellence, quite apart from our
subjective consciousness?
Consequently the event in the process
of revelation is not an objective reality, it is simply a change in the
subjective consciousness of man.
Accordingly, the primary experience
of receiving with emotional and purposive
subjective form the causal influence
of other actualities tends to be only dimly illuminated in
consciousness precisely because it is primary.
That this first step is an error is indicated by Searle himself in his allusion to the bipolar (private and public) character
of conscious awareness, which prompts one to ask whether most scientific approaches to the problem
of consciousness are vitiated at the outset by a failure to leave open the possibility
of an indissociable bipolarity in key ideas (such as public - private,
subjective - objective, and body - mind).
«
Consciousness» for Whitehead has a more restricted use applying to the
subjective form
of particular types
of intellectual feelings; thus something much broader in Whitehead's conceptuality must be found.
In a recent survey
of research in this area, John Searle suggests that the task
of banishing mystery from
consciousness depends on finding a way to explain that aspect
of subjective experience that he calls «qualitative feels.»
The awareness
of intuitive realization
of the
subjective immediacy
of concrescence then is the awareness
of the energetic force present in all existents and as such serves the same ontological function as
consciousness in Aurobindo.
This «God» does not just govern life, but also the inanimate physics
of the universe which birthed life and allowed it to progress to a point where it now has a
consciousness capable
of deciphering itself through our
subjective perspectives and realities.
Similarly, there is no need to posit that human beings have
consciousness (in the sense
of subjective experience
of qualia) or free will (some sort
of influence that is neither random nor deterministic), yet most atheists believe in both (even your venerable Richard Dawkins has affirmed belief in free will).
Nothing is more likely to help a person overcome and endure objective difficulties or
subjective troubles than the
consciousness of having a task in life.»
Both kinds
of feelings are pre-reflectively meaningful because, for Whitehead, reflective, judgmental
consciousness is only one «
subjective form»
of feelings, which is possibly present in the final phase
of some concrescences.
Whitehead introduces God's consequent nature for a number
of reasons, one
of them being that this integration
of God's conceptual feelings with physical feelings makes propositions and
consciousness as
subjective form possible, and this makes it conceivable that God possesses
consciousness.
Instead
of the contents
of consciousness being treated as the
subjective counterparts
of objects in external space, Whitehead treats them as the residue resulting from natural transmutation processes that occur within that space.
In contemporary biology
subjective aspects
of life such as
consciousness, purpose and free will are either ignored or else attempts are made to reduce the
subjective to the objective.
In May, researchers in Sydney, Australia, suggested that the main part
of the insect nervous system works in a similar way to a mammal's midbrain, and might provide the capacity for the most basic form
of consciousness,
subjective experience.
A great many people, however, believe that
consciousness exists — that there's some sort
of self or singularity that is the beholder
of subjective experience.
And how can scientists, with their devotion to objective observation and measurement, gain access to the inherently private and
subjective realm
of consciousness?
If you're thirsty and you get a glass
of water, you do not have full
subjective linguistic
consciousness of the act.
Neuroscientists believe that
consciousness emerges from the material stuff
of the brain primarily because even very small changes to your brain (say, by drugs or disease) can powerfully alter your
subjective experiences.
The boundary between an objective «world out there» and our own
subjective consciousness that seemed so clearly defined in physics before the eerie discoveries
of the 20th century blurs in quantum mechanics.
In the jargon
of philosophy, these intuitions we have about whether a creature or thing is capable
of feelings or
subjective experiences — such as the experience
of seeing red or tasting a peach — are called «intuitions about phenomenal
consciousness.»
The question
of whether the human
consciousness is
subjective or objective is largely philosophical.