To put it in terms of the present discussion, the collapse
of subjective reason, which is what technical reason ultimately is, would bring in its wake a revival of objective reason in a particularly closed and reified form.
I think as consumers we should be wary of avoiding a certain product simply due to skepticism — it's one thing to recommend not using a product because it has scientifically been proven to cause harm; it's another to recommend not using a product because
of subjective reasons, such as how creepy the fact is that X. campestris is the culprit of black rot on crucifers (or personal opinions of the FDA)... yes, X. campestris is used to ferment sugars to produce xanthan gum, but the fact that it causes rotting of crucifers is unrelated (and doesn't suddenly make xanthan gum harmful).
Not exact matches
«We form our beliefs for a variety
of subjective, personal, emotional, and psychological
reasons in the context
of environments created by family, friends, colleagues, culture, and society at large; after forming our beliefs we then defend, justify, and rationalize them with a host
of intellectual
reasons, cogent arguments, and rational explanations.
Stating the fact that the universe is huge or one
of the most
subjective branches
of science, biology, is 100 % correct in it's theories is a poor
reason to deny that God exists.
But the prehensions
of each phase must be different from those
of the other phases by virtue
of different
subjective forms, just as on Whitehead's view the prehensions
of each occasion differ from those
of each other by virtue
of the same
reason.
As for beauty, love, justice, virtue, will, and
reason, these are all just terms used to describe concepts, and all
of them are
subjective.
Moreover, every unificatory activity within the concrescence must, by the ontological principle, find its
reason in terms
of the concrescent subject, and this is impossible for early stages if these have no
subjective aim.
The problem with these sorts
of situations is that there is no objective proof that there is or is not a god, and so the decision to believe or not believe is based on
subjective reasoning.
Up to this point we have established the fact that inherent in the deliberations
of reason is the
subjective and predictive factor, that
reason is hypothesis - making, that, in short, it makes acts
of belief, and that in order to attain truth, belief as hypothesis - making is not only reasonable but necessary.
For this
reason, any explanation
of the character
of the
subjective process involves a reference to the character
of the superjective product either as aimed at, or as achieved by, that process.
«The enjoyment
of this ideal,» writes Whitehead, «is the
subjective aim, by
reason of which the actual entity is a determinate process (PR 130).
It is only by
reason of the categories
of subjective unity, and
of subjective harmony, that the process constitutes the character
of the product, and that conversely the analysis
of the product discloses the process.
On the other hand, any explanation
of the character
of the superjective product requires a reference to the character
of the
subjective process; for the superject is what it is by
reason of the genetic process that produced it.
After a sketch
of the standoff between views
of theology as something «objective» and views
of it as something «
subjective,» Wood concurs with Farley's
reasons for rejecting the picture
of theology as universally valid «objective» truths and factual knowledge.2 He also rejects another type
of «objective» view
of theology, represented by Hough and Cobb, which defines theology by reference to the purposes
of professional church leadership (93).
Conservatives today back the rich over the poor and favor the right
of one person to shoot another for totally
subjective, materialistic
reasons.
The many feelings must be compatible for every phase, according to the theory
of subjective unity Whitehead held when the first condition was formulated, by
reason of the unity
of the subject.
In terms
of the final theory, however, we should have expected it to end «by
reason of the
subjective aim, «12 or even to say:
There is secondary origination
of conceptual feelings with data which are partially identical with, and partially diverse from, the eternal objects forming the data in the primary phase
of the mental pole; the determination
of identity and diversity depending on the
subjective aim at attaining depth
of intensity by
reason of contrast.
Our (as in you, me and everyone else) understanding
of reality is so skewed and
subjective that you can not possibly hope to
reason through such a thing.
Before I state it, however, I must say that there is no
reason why the more traditional position, both about life beyond death as a
subjective (and hence personal) reality for each
of us and also with respect to the traditional portrayal
of the «last things» (including an intermediate state), may not be accepted by those who find it compelling.
This follows from the first Categoreal Obligation, The Category
of Subjective Unity: «The many feelings which belong to an incomplete phase in the process
of an actual entity, though unintegrated by
reason of the incompleteness
of the phase, are compatible for integration by
reason of the unity
of their subject» (PR 26 / 39).
This
subjective necessity
of evil is at the same time the
reason for hope.
Everyone, even the professed atheist, puts her faith in something, whether it be
reason, material or biological forces, economic growth, a messianic proletariat or the continual satisfaction
of subjective desires.
The book Women's Ways
of Knowing identifies the following kinds
of knowledge: received,
subjective (in terms
of the inner voice and the quest for self), procedural (
reason as well as separate and connected knowing) and constructed.
A view
of «life» is very
subjective and people who don't believe in your god have no
reason to have a view
of it anyway.
Perhaps for that
reason, even the question
of subjective survival beyond death was not a major preoccupation.
Rationalism and scientism (belief in the epistemological supremacy
of reason and especially
of scientific method) produced the conjecture, in some quarters at least, that the symbolic / mythic / poetic / narrative modes
of expression employed by all the religions are perhaps nothing more than our own
subjective projections or constructs, and not representations
of an independent sacral reality.
For this
reason he understood the term hypostasis / substance not in the objective sense (
of a reality present within us), but in the
subjective sense, as an expression
of an interior attitude -LSB-...] In the twentieth century this interpretation became prevalent -LSB-...] but -LSB-...] Faith is not merely a personal reaching out towards things to come that are still totally absent -LSB-...] It gives us even now something
of the reality we are waiting for, and this present reality constitutes for us a «proof
of the things that are still unseen.
It is
reason that takes man outside
of his
subjective world and into the cosmos.
The same
reasoning, that the physical prehensions are guided by the
subjective aim derived from the primordial nature, is also present in the other mention
of «
subjective aim» in this final chapter:
«The many feelings, in any incomplete phase, are necessarily compatible with each other by
reason of their individual conformity to the
subjective end evolved for that phase» (PR 342).
Fundamental to this task is the search for an objective ground for value claims — a well -
reasoned argument for external standards which resists the ever - present tendency to reduce ethics to the
subjective whims and passions
of personal self - interest.
Unfortunately, however, we can not ground
subjective unity in the superject, for two
reasons: (1) The superject is completely determinate, and hence devoid
of activity; it can not do any
of the things subjects are supposed to do.
His arguments are devoid
of facts, and his masquerade as a scientist, or whatever, is galling» «attempting to debunk the integrity
of the bible, and glorify the theory
of evolution is simply a tactic to lure unsuspecting seekers to abandon
reason and science in order to embrace an illogical, unverifiable,
subjective based explanation
of the universe.
The Critique
of Pure
Reason describes the process by which
subjective data pass into the appearance
of an objective world....
Unless there were some selection
of possibilities there would be no
reason for including the conception
of subjective aim.
(As far as humans are concerned, there is no
reason for us to reject the possibility
of some sort
of subjective survival beyond death as well as an objective immortality in God's own feeling.)
The objective structure
of the universe and the intellectual structure
of the human being coincide; the
subjective reason and the objectified
reason in nature are identical.
Even while not being able to offer certitude, he can suggest
reasons why the faith
of the believer is plausible, whether that faith be in the literal continuance
of subjective experiencing in a heaven or hell, or in some kind
of objective permanence in human history.
«actual occasions» are shaped not only by logical
reasoning, but includes all aspects
of one's
subjective experiences, including the use
of ones imagination, aesthetic feelings, and other forms
of non-cognitive and unconscious influences.
We are warranted in making laws only because we are capable
of reasoning through to judgments
of that kind that are not merely personal and
subjective.
Whitehead introduces God's consequent nature for a number
of reasons, one
of them being that this integration
of God's conceptual feelings with physical feelings makes propositions and consciousness as
subjective form possible, and this makes it conceivable that God possesses consciousness.
About the
subjective aim
of God's consequent nature Whitehead says: «His primordial nature directs such perspectives
of objectification [in his consequent nature] that each novel actuality in the temporal world contributes such elements as it can to a realization in God free from inhibitions
of intensity by
reason of discordance» (PR 88, italics added).
For this
reason, satisfaction is the juncture
of immanent causality to transient causality, 5 and hence
of subjective immediacy to objective immortality.
However for many
of the
reasons above, it was soon evident that the test was highly
subjective, and today it has replaced by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).
Belief is usually defined as a conviction
of the truth
of a proposition without its verification; therefore a belief is a
subjective mental interpretation derived from perceptions, contemplation (
reasoning), or communication.
«Currently a majority
of patients undergo colon resections for large polyps that don't harbor any cancer cells, which means in many cases a person's colon is being removed for noncancerous
reasons, based on
subjective criteria,» said lead study author Emre Gorgun, MD, FACS, FASCRS, a staff surgeon in the department
of colorectal surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio.
We form our beliefs for a variety
of subjective, emotional and psychological
reasons in the context
of environments created by family, friends, colleagues, culture and society at large.
Our findings that amygdala neurons carry signals about the
subjective percept
of emotions indicates a more specific
reason for why such electrical stimulation might be beneficial.»
The woman felt
subjective sensations
of «merriment or mirth» and displayed a syndrome known as confabulation: She invented
reasons for her hilarity, telling the researchers at one point, «You guys are just so funny... standing around.»