Sentences with phrase «of surface ozone»

Impact: Replacing old ozone analyzers at existing stations and adding new sites on the west and east coast of the U.S. would increase the reliability and scope of surface ozone measurements (which may be impacted by industrial activity in Asia).

Schnell, J.L., M.J. Prather, B. Josse, V. Naik, L.W. Horowitz, P. Cameron - Smith, D. Bergmann, G. Zeng, D.A. Plummer, K. Sudo, T. Nagashima, D.T. Shindell, G. Faluvegi, and S.A. Strode, 2015: Use of North American and European air quality networks to evaluate global chemistry - climate modeling of surface ozone.

Methane, which is increasing in the atmosphere, contributes to increased ozone globally and will enhance baseline levels of surface ozone across the United States.

The TOAR database of surface ozone metrics is now publicly available and can be used by scientists and policymakers around the world to quantify the impacts of ozone on human health and vegetation.

«We created the largest database of surface ozone from hourly observations at more than 4,800 monitoring sites worldwide, and we're making these data freely available to anyone who wants to investigate the impact of ozone on human health, vegetation, and climate.»

Emissions from vehicles, power plants, industrial operations, and other human activities are a primary cause of surface ozone, which is one of six main pollutants regulated in the U.S. by the Clean Air Act.

Not exact matches

We can not blow up the world and continue to live on it; we can not destroy the ozone layer without risking skin cancer; we can not pollute all waters and be able to drink; we can not denude the surface of trees and expect the soil not to erode.

To address those and other questions, the TOAR research team has produced the first - ever global - scale scientific assessment of tropospheric ozone, based on all available surface observations and the peer - reviewed literature.

One of the unexpected consequences of the October 28 flare was a fivefold increase in ozone - destroying nitric oxide at 70 miles above Earth's surface.

The European Space Agency's Venus Express spacecraft has detected the spectral signature of ozone in a thin layer 100 kilometres above the planet's surface.

The Montreal Protocol — one of the world's most successful environmental treaties — has protected the stratospheric ozone layer and avoided enhanced UV radiation reaching the earth's surface,» said UN Under - Secretary - General and UNEP Executive Director Achim Steiner.

Lu developed «SMOG», short for Surface Meteorology and Ozone Generation, as part of a group led by Richard Turco, head of the atmospheric chemistry group at UCLA.

For instance, ozone depletion in the atmosphere occurs because of chemical reactions of hydrochloric acid on the surface of ice crystals and aerosols in the upper atmosphere.

Without the ozone layer, ultraviolet rays from the sun would reach the surface at nearly full force, causing skin cancer and, more seriously, killing off the tiny photosynthetic plankton in the ocean that provide oxygen to the atmosphere and bolster the bottom of the food chain.

Such model included meteorological factors like levels of aerosols, anthropogenic and biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ozone, carbon dioxide, methane, and other items that influence global temperature — the surface albedo among them.

Over the last 50 years satellite and ground - based records over Antarctica show ozone column amounts ranging from 100 to 400 Dobson units, which translates to about 1 millimeter (1/25 inch) to 5 millimeters (1/6 inch) of ozone in a layer if all of the ozone were brought down to the surface.

The large size of this year's ozone hole will likely result in increases of harmful ultraviolet rays at Earth's surface, particularly in Antarctica and the Southern Hemisphere in the coming months.

In the high atmosphere, ozone plays a crucial role in shielding the surface from harmful levels of ultraviolet light.

For starters, the orbiter beamed back incredibly detailed stereo photos of the surface, measured the ozone distribution in the planet's atmosphere, and confirmed the presence of water ice at the south pole.

The ozone concentrations in his measurements remained nearly constantly below the detection limit of approx. 10 ppbv in the entire vertical range from the surface of Earth to an altitude of around 15 kilometres.

On Earth, temperature inversion occurs because ozone in the stratosphere absorbs much of the sun's ultraviolet radiation, preventing it from reaching the surface, protecting the biosphere, and therefore warming the stratosphere instead.

Twenty to 40 % of ozone coverage might have been lost — in turn, doubling the amount of UV radiation that reached Earth's surface, the team reports in a paper in press in Gondwana Research.

Reactions on the surfaces of these particles then release chlorine, which attacks ozone.

The nano - catalyst filter uses a technology that decomposes elements of cigarette smoke using oxygen radical, which is generated by decomposing ozone in the air on the surface of the manganese - oxide - based nano - catalyst filter.

In addition, the larger than expected loss of UV light meant less stratospheric ozone up to 45 kilometers above the surface, but more above that line.

She collected pollen and irradiated it in a lab for 3 minutes with UV light, simulating the amount of UV that can reach the Earth's surface in Patagonia and other regions in the southern hemisphere under the seasonal ozone hole.

Because ozone in the troposphere is a precursor to OH, they deployed weather balloons equipped with measuring devices known as sondes to measure the amount of ozone in the air from the surface to the stratosphere.

Earth's ozone layer, 10 kilometres above the surface, is produced when light from the Sun interacts with molecules of oxygen in our atmosphere, and it produces an unmistakable signal that could be detected by JWST.

Scientists at NASA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, as well as other international agencies constantly monitor the stratospheric ozone layer and the levels of ozone - depleting chemicals at Earth's surface.

[Peter Cumpson and Naoko Sano, Stability of reference masses V: UV / ozone treatment of gold and platinum surfaces]

Certain particles may have a damaging effect on the ozone layer, vital for keeping harmful UV rays away from the surface of the Earth.

I used was the surface temperature responses from histAll --(histGHG + histNatural) to obtain the response to aerosols + ozone + land - use and derive the enhancement of the response for that case relative to WMGHGs that I called E. Calculation of TCR based on histAll in a model is approximately the same as calculating the sum of responses to histGHG, histNat, and histInhomogeneous where the latter includes the factor E.

My main problem with that study is that the weather models don't use any forcings at all — no changes in ozone, CO2, volcanos, aerosols, solar etc. — and so while some of the effects of the forcings might be captured (since the weather models assimilate satellite data etc.), there is no reason to think that they get all of the signal — particularly for near surface effects (tropospheric ozone for instance).

The TOAR database contains the world's largest collection of ozone metrics, calculated consistently from hourly ozone observations at all available surface monitoring sites around the globe.

All reported metric values meet a data capture criterion of > 75 % (TOAR - Surface Ozone Database).

Consistency for surface ozone levels was more difficult to achieve due to the influence of emissions from up - wind regions.

A team of researchers from the NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California and the Wageningen University in the Netherlands measured the amount of ozone between 10,000 and 30,000 feet above the Earth's surface.

The affected layer of the atmosphere, high above Earth's surface, is rich in ozone.

«The increased use of clean energy sources that do not emit greenhouse gases or conventional air pollutants... would be doubly beneficial to global food security, as they do not contribute to either climate change or increased surface - ozone concentrations,» she said.

No specific mention of the «volume cold enough for ozone loss» trend line is made in the Nature text, although it is stated that «Certain clouds in the stratosphere provide surfaces on which CFC decay products are converted into forms that destroy ozone â??

By 2060 the ozone layer is effectively extinct and without it, the Earth's surface is a much less friendly place: You would only have to be outside for about five minutes to get sunburned and the incidence of skin cancer would increase substantially.

In the lower stratosphere — closest to the surface and close to the equator — increased CO2 is slowing the production of new ozone, especially in the spring.

What is still contentious is what the result implies for the YD climate change and the megafaunal extinctions, incorporating the ideas of both the broad large scale cometary debris impact scenario at low grazing angles, and the direct asteroidal impact into water and ice covered surfaces, and all that implies with the ice sheet disruptions, megatsunamis and the ozone layer and atmospheric effects and disruption that are possible in these events.

I wonder could that have allowed a great deal of extra incoming UV - B to warm surface ozone (both man - made and natural) lending to increased surface temperatures?

The point being that w / out ongoing decimation from soot, wind, ozone (surface ozone pollution that warms from UV), the AO and greenhouse gases, the ice would have been more likely to recover from the impact of such an event.

With no ozone, the atmospheric temperature would decrease monotonically, and we would instead have to speak of cooling of the «upper atmosphere» in conjunction with the surface warming due to increasing GHGs.

The lack of ozone is chilling the middle and upper atmosphere, altering wind patterns in a way that keeps comparatively warm air from reaching the surface.

The springtime stratospheric ozone hole & surface ozone also have an impact, and the combination of soot & surface ozone would exceed the impact from greenhouse gases (soot deposition alone is on par with greenhouse gases in the boreal thaw).

An example of this kind of surprise happened in relation to the Antarctic ozone hole, where unexpected chemistry on surfaces of ice particles lead to much more efficient destruction of ozone in the polar vortex than had been expected, making an existing concern into a serious problem.

Again, no mention of soot or surface ozone.