Oceanographers measure the flow of water in currents in units
of Sverdrups, with 1 Sverdrup = 106m3 / s (one thousandth of a cubic kilometer / second).
# 49 The contribution of these large glaciers seems just that in terms of ice and water volume, but put in the context
of sverdrups, is another question.
The organizing principles of climatology come from various threads, but I'd mention the oceanographic syntheses
of Sverdrup and Stommel, the atmospheric syntheses of Charney and Lorenz, paleoclimatological studies from ice and mud core field work, and computational work starting with no less than John von Neumann.
Not exact matches
ORLAND PARK — Orland Park's Recreation Committee this week agreed to hire
Sverdrup Inc.
of Chicago to serve as the construction manager on the $ 10 million recreational facility.
This crucial current «has a mean strength
of 19
sverdrups [more than 5 billion gallons per second] but varied substantially over the course
of one year showing values between four and 35 [
sverdrups].»
During World War II, Munk and Harald
Sverdrup, then director
of the Scripps Institution
of Oceanography in La Jolla, California, developed a method to predict surf conditions on beaches — an important tool for military amphibious landings.
Both
of the recorded winters were unusually cold and created similarly large amounts
of deep water, but the strength
of the AMOC whipsawed wildly between 8 and 25
sverdrups, a unit
of flow roughly equivalent to the total flow
of all the world's rivers.
The CTD sections show that the deeper layers are also warmer and slightly saltier and the observed sea level can be explained by steric expansion over the upper 2000 m. ENSO variability impacts on the northern part
of the section, and a simple
Sverdrup transport model shows how large - scale changes in the wind forcing, related to the Southern Annular Mode, may contribute to the deeper warming to the south.
Monday, September 8 9:15 - 14.15 − The Kavli Prize Laureate Lectures Presentations by the 2014 Kavli Prize Laureates − Astrophysics: Alan H. Guth, Andrei D. Linde, Alexei A. Starobinsky; Nanoscience: Thomas W. Ebbesen, Stefan W. Hell, Sir John B. Pendry, Neuroscience: Brenda Milner, John O'Keefe, Marcus E. Raichle Venue: Georg
Sverdrups hus, University
of Oslo
The simple rule
of thumb is: melting Greenland during 1,000 years will provide an average freshwater inflow
of 0.1 Sv (1
Sverdrup is one million cubic meters per second).
(The launch
of our World Dignity University initiative takes place on 24th June 2011 at the University
of Oslo in Norway, 10.00 - 12.00, Klubben, 2nd floor, University Library Georg
Sverdrups House, Blindern.
So in the middle
of these 22
Sverdrups lies the beautiful little island
of Gili Trawangan.
Well Norwegian scientist Harald
Sverdrup realized that the amount
of water flowing through was to big to be measured in gallons or liters, so he came up with the term «the
Sverdrup» which is «one million cubic meters
of water per second», and there is 20 - 22
Sverdrups flowing through.
[Response: The classical (i.e. Stommel) theory
of the subtropical gyre requires that the interior equatorward (
Sverdrup) transport that takes place everywhere but a narrow strip along the western edge
of the basin, precisely balance the poleward transport that takes place in a narrow boundary current along the western edge
of the basin.
The simple rule
of thumb is: melting Greenland during 1,000 years will provide an average freshwater inflow
of 0.1 Sv (1
Sverdrup is one million cubic meters per second).
The mean contribution
of the glacier has ranged from 1.0 to 1.5
sverdrups from 1950 - 2003, with an increase
of 0.3 sv from 2001 - 2003.
This is equivalent to a heat flux
of about 0.48 pW, or a circulation change
of 116
Sverdrup * degrees C.
Captdallas: «The wind driven portion
of the ACC circulation averages about 130
Sverdrups.
This leads to slow equatorward flow throughout most
of a subtropical ocean basin (the
Sverdrup balance).
This circulation is about 15
Sverdrup (1 Sv = 1 km ^ 3 / sec), 15 times the combined total flow
of all the rivers
of the world (about 1 Sv).
Roemmich et al (2007) suggest that mid-latitude gyres in all
of the oceans are influenced by decadal variability in the Southern and Northern Annular Modes (SAM and NAM respectively) as wind driven currents in baroclinic oceans (
Sverdrup, 1947).
BTW, the ~ 100
Sverdrup ACC can have an annual OH uptake impact on the order
of 6 x 10 ^ 22 joules and SSW events on the order
of 10 ^ 22 joules, the current rate
of OH uptake is likely not unprecedented.
The primary physical factor in determining the density
of sea water is the temperature (
Sverdrup, Johnson, and Fleming, 1943).
It transports water at a rate
of 30 million cubic meters per second (30
sverdrups) through the Florida Straits.
-- then the answer is probably very little — the traditional thinking (
Sverdrup's critical depth concept) has the bloom requiring stratification (otherwise algae moved up and down by mixing spend too little time in the illuminated part
of the water column).
We measured the «strength»
of the AMOC using the standard unit Sv (
Sverdrups), where each Sv is 1 million cubic metres
of water per second.
Scaled to the entire circumpolar current, the mixing we observe is compatible with there being a southern component to the global overturning in which about 20
sverdrups (1 Sv = 106 m3 s − 1) upwell in the Southern Ocean, with cross-density mixing contributing a significant fraction (20 to 30 per cent)
of this total, and the remainder upwelling along constant - density surfaces.
«Here we provide evidence for a weakening
of the AMOC by about 3 ± 1
sverdrups (around 15 per cent) since the mid-twentieth century.»