Sentences with phrase «of synaptic»

It dramatically shortens attention spans, diffusing concentration and causing what Baroness Susan Greenfield, professor of synaptic pharmacology at Oxford University, termed the «infantilization of the human mind.»

The polymorphic serotonin transporter gene, coding for one of the important regulator of the synaptic level of the neurotransmitter serotonin, has been linked previously to anxiety - related traits [106] and affective disorders [107].

Chinese company Vivo is the first smartphone manufacturer to show off a device using an in - display fingerprint sensor, courtesy of Synaptic's recently announced tech.

ColQ anchors AChE to the basal lamina where the enzyme hydrolyzes ACh, thereby limiting the length of the synaptic response [28].

Although a great deal of synaptic plasticity occurs during early childhood as the brain is developing, plasticity in the form of learning and memory continues to shape our synapses throughout our lives.

We must focus on creative learning dispositions early, during the brain's most active period of synaptic growth.

For example, KBs were recently reported to act as neuroprotective agents by raising ATP levels and reducing the production of reactive oxygen species in neurological tissues, 80 together with increased mitochondrial biogenesis, which may help to enhance the regulation of synaptic function.80 Moreover, the increased synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids stimulated by a KD may have a role in the regulation of neuronal membrane excitability: it has been demonstrated, for example, that polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate the excitability of neurons by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels.81 Another possibility is that by reducing glucose metabolism, ketogenic diets may activate anticonvulsant mechanisms, as has been reported in a rat model.82 In addition, caloric restriction per se has been suggested to exert neuroprotective effects, including improved mitochondrial function, decreased oxidative stress and apoptosis, and inhibition of proinflammatory mediators, such as the cytokines tumour necrosis factor - α and interleukins.83 Although promising data have been collected (see below), at the present time the real clinical benefits of ketogenic diets in most neurological diseases remain largely speculative and uncertain, with the significant exception of its use in the treatment of convulsion diseases.

Growth of the synaptic web is utterly different from concrete physical things which maintain cells» metabolism and alters their structural and functional energetic state.

It is likely that a combination of several factors (e.g. age - related changes at the level of gene expression, infectious agents, toxic compounds, and head trauma) affects the neuronal milieu and initiates neuropathological processes leading to the formation of toxic tau and amyloid β species, reduction of synaptic plasticity, and neuronal loss resulting in development of sporadic AD.»

One study concluded that magnesium threonate increases the number of synaptic connections between brain cells and boosts the density of synapses (30).

Risk variation also impacted multiple components of synaptic networks.

Kauwe and others in Haghighi's lab are exploring why such a change in the set point of synaptic transmission occurs so rapidly, and how dampening neuron activity might be beneficial in treating, or even preventing, neurodegenerative diseases.

More broadly, this illustrates that innexin identity is critical for electrical synapse specificity, but differential (compartmentalized) innexin expression can not account for all of the specificity seen in C. elegans, and other factors must influence the determination of synaptic partners.

These studies reveal for the first time specific functional connections between subsets of KCs and particular MBONs and establish the identity of synaptic microcircuits underlying transmission of homeostatic sleep signals in the MB.

Researchers have for the first time observed direct evidence of synaptic plasticity in fruit flies while they learn...

After 3 - 5 hours, Mao conducted electrophysiology experiments to detect the presence of synaptic plasticity and determine which neurotransmitter receptors were involved in its development.

YanGang Sun, Chia - Shan Wu, Hui - Chen Lu, Michael Beierlein «Target - dependent control of synaptic inhibition by endocannabinoids in the thalamus» (2011), Journal of Neuroscience, 31:9222 - 30.

We will examine whether astrocytes play a role in loss of synaptic function as well as identifying the astrocyte - derived molecules that may regulate this process.

«We might have some real insight into the advantages of dampening of synaptic activity that is caused by fasting,» said Haghighi, for example, how fasting can be beneficial for epileptic patients, who can experience reduced seizures when restricting calories.

Klann, E. and Richter, J.D. (2007) Translational control of synaptic plasticity and learning and memory.

Discovered that the persistent sodium current, INaP, paradoxically amplifies afterhyperpolarizations and reduces the frequency (f / I) gain, and strongly modulates spike timing (Vervaeke et al., Neuron 2006); that Kv7 / M / KCNQ - type K + channels but not SK channels are essential for excitability control in hippocampal neurons (Gu et al., J Physiol, 2005); that Kv7 / M / KCNQ - type K + channels are essential for spatial learning and prevention of epilepsy (Nature Neuroscience 8: 51 - 60, 2005), that KCa1 / BK - type K + channels are essential for cerebellar learning and motor control (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 0474 - 8, 2004), the role of postsynaptic voltage-gated K + channels in regulation of synaptic plasticity (LTP) and integration (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:10144, 2002); that Kv7 / M / KCNQ - type K + channels are essential for intrinsic theta resonance in hippocampal neurons (J Physiol 545:783, 2002).

Inducible expression of a mutated mitochondrial UNG1 DNA repair enzyme in forebrain neurons caused generation of apyrimidinic mDNA and neuronal impairment including reduced size of synaptic contacts (Mol Cell Mol 2010).

Glutamate receptors (pink spots) concentrate at sites of synaptic contact on a hippocampal neuron dendrite.

RGS14 is a natural suppressor of both synaptic plasticity in CA2 neurons and hippocampal - based learning and memory.

The interaction between stargazin and PSD95 is a very important one in determiniung the level of synaptic AMPA receptor surface expression.

Learning and memory have been closely linked to strengthening of synaptic connections between neurons (i.e., synaptic plasticity) within the dentate gyrus (DG)- CA3 - CA1 trisynaptic circuit of the

Objective: To understand the dynamics and functional roles of synaptic plasticity in mnemonic phenomena to shed new light on the cellular bases of learning.

Over-expression of stargazin leads to increases of extra-synaptic AMPA receptors whilst over-expression of PSD95 leads to increased recruitment of synaptic receptors, but in neither case is synaptic function altered (Schnell et al 2002).

Dr. Mentis» publication highlights the importance of the role of synaptic functions and neurocircuits in SMA.

Host: Dr. Cathy Rankin Speaker: Dr. Andres Maricq Title: CaMKII Regulates Motor - Mediated Transport of Synaptic Glutamate Receptors

In the late 1990s, he and Reinhard Jahn, now at the Max Planck Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, determined the structures of some of the key proteins and complexes involved in the process of synaptic vesicle fusion.

Thus signalling through PirB could be responsible for the loss of synaptic plasticity and memory in these animals.

Cellular and molecular basis of synaptic dysfunction and aberrant behavior in autism, tuberous sclerosis complex, and Angelman syndrome

Analysis of synaptic gene expression in the neocortex of primates reveals evolutionary changes in glutamatergic neurotransmission.

An international collaborative study coordinated by the Inserm unit 930 «Imaging and Brain» (Dr. Frédéric Laumonnier, Tours), PHENOMIN and the IGBMC (Dr. Yann Hérault, Illkirch) brings new and original data on the characterization of the physiopathological role of the synaptic receptor PTCHD1.

Long - term BACE1 inhibition in the neurodevelopmental stage caused the loss of synaptic proteins but failed to alter synaptic proteins in the already developed maintenance stage.

It has been known for many years that long - lasting forms of synaptic plasticity and long - term memory require new protein synthesis.

During an action potential, calcium influx into the presynaptic terminal triggers the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane, leading to the release of transmitter through the process of exocytosis.

They found that, unlike previously described K + currents, the M - current was regulated by neurotransmitters, thus mediating a new type of synaptic transmission.

In the nervous system, protein phosphorylation is an essential feature of synaptic function.

Although protein phosphorylation is known to be important for many synaptic processes and in disease, little is known about global phosphorylation of synaptic proteins.

The findings, reported in the Oct. 5 issue of Current Biology, define a gene expression program that controls the timing of synaptic remodeling.

The human brain contains as many as 100 billion neurons, most of which make hundreds to thousands of synaptic connections with specific target cells.

Aged mutant amyloid precursor protein mice with established disease showed a near complete restoration in levels of synaptic and neuronal proteins after exposure to young blood in parabiosis (synaptophysin P =.02; calbindin P =.02) or following intravenous plasma administration (synaptophysin P <.001; calbindin P =.14).

Based upon activity in multiple CNS toxicity assays, we identified an exceptionally potent, orally active, neurotrophic molecule called J147 that facilitates memory in normal rodents, and prevents the loss of synaptic proteins and cognitive decline when administered to three - month - old APP / swePS1ΔE9 mice for seven months [7].

He joined the Polleux lab in 2017 where he studies how the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria networks regulate spatiotemporal dynamics of dendritic calcium in the context of synaptic integration, plasticity, circuit function and behavior.

They are exploring whether these developmental findings can be used to address diseases such as stroke, by promoting the repair of synaptic connections following injury.

Pathological hallmarks of AD, including plaques and loss of synaptic markers, are readily apparent at nine months of age in huAPP / PS1 mice along with clear deficits in spatial memory when compared to wild type controls [7, 10, 11, 31].

Egr proteins play a role in the regulation of synaptic plasticity, learning and memory [76, 77] and Egr3 in particular is very important for the processing of both short term and long term hippocampal dependent memory [78].

Researchers have discovered a new form of synaptic plasticity, the changes to nerve cells in the brain that underlie learning and memory.